Explanipedia

Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes After 10-Year Ketogenic Diet Open

Belinda Lennerz, Larry C. Deeb, Joseph C. Watso · 2025

Adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with the general population. HbA1c is the primary modifiable risk factor for CVD in T1D. However, fewer than 1% of patients achieve euglycemia…

Hypohydration augments the acute increase in urinary biomarkers of kidney injury following the 100-mile Western States Endurance Run Open

Braxton A. Linder, Soolim Jeong, Nina L. Stute, Omar B. El‐Kurd, Joseph D. Vondrasek , et al. · 2025

Urinary concentrations of several acute kidney injury (AKI) biomarkers increased after completing the 2023 Western States Endurance Run; however, there were no changes in renal blood flow in a subset of runners. When normalized to creatini…

Creatine monohydrate increases skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow and promotes lipid mobilization in postmenopausal women Open

Paul A. Baker, Sabine Ernst, Jorge Decaro, Riley K. Hart, Mostafa M. Ali , et al. · 2025

BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal females have an elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, induced partly by reduced skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow (SMBF), elevated reactive oxygen (ROS), and impaired meal metabolism (glycerol, gluco…

Sodium intake and biological sex influence urinary endothelin-1 in salt-resistant adults: a pilot study Open

Victoria Nasci, Jazmine Benjamin, Rebecca Caroline Fetter, Joseph M. Stock, Nathan T. Romberger , et al. · 2025

To our knowledge, this is the first human study detailing sex differences in the renal endothelin-1 (ET-1) system in response to increasing sodium diets. We found that increasing dietary sodium intake increases urinary ET-1 excretion, an e…

Central blood pressure and arterial stiffness among ultramarathon runners across the lifespan Open

Joseph D. Vondrasek, Soolim Jeong, Omar B. El‐Kurd, Braxton A. Linder, Nina L. Stute , et al. · 2025

Cardiac responses to environmental heat exposure in young and older adults Open

Josh Foster, Zachary J. McKenna, Satyam Sarma, James P. MacNamara, Luke N. Belval , et al. · 2025

Comparing healthy young and older adults, we assessed left ventricular cardiac function (using echocardiography) during two separate 3-h extreme heat exposures in a very hot and dry or hot humid climate type. Although the augmentation of d…

Advanced phenotyping in patients with a Fontan circulation uncovers effects of pulmonary vascular disease Open

Joseph D. Vondrasek, Joseph C. Watso · 2025

Study Protocol Abstract: The Effect of Regular Lentil and Chickpea Intake on Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Health in Healthy Young Adults: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial Open

Cole Patoine, Ravinder Nagpal, Gloria Salazar, Saiful Singar, Joseph C. Watso · 2025

The Association Between Sodium-to-Potassium Intake Ratio and Vascular Endothelial Function, and the Role of Insulin Resistance Open

William A Mumby, Hannah E Rajlich, Raveen Rani, Kyle A. Smith, Thomas G. Bissen , et al. · 2025

Study Protocol Abstract: Effect of Daily Fresh Watermelon Consumption on Gut and Cardiometabolic Health in Young Adults With Overweight and Obesity Open

Cole Patoine, Andrea J. Lobene, Ravinder Nagpal, Saiful Singar, Joseph C. Watso · 2025

Differential effects of female aging on sympathetic blood pressure regulation at rest and during stress in humans Open

Christin Domeier, Thomas G. Bissen, Joseph D. Vondrasek, Matthew C. Babcock, Austin T. Robinson , et al. · 2025

Older female (OF) adults exhibit blunted resting sympathetic blood pressure (BP) transduction compared with young female (YF) adults, affecting BP regulation. However, studies often lack control over health factors like body composition or…

Upper Leg Muscular Co-Contraction During Maximal-Speed Sprinting in Male Club Ice Hockey Athletes Open

Jason J. Williams, William C. Roshinski, Joseph C. Watso · 2025

Background Little is known about the lower extremity muscle co-contraction patterns during sprinting and its relation to running velocity (i.e., performance). Therefore, we compared lower extremity muscular activation patterns during sprin…

Exercise and Heat Stress in Well-Healed Burn Survivors: Effects of Cooling Modalities on Thermal and Perceptual Responses Open

Whitley C. Atkins, Josh Foster, Zachary J. McKenna, Caitlin P. Jarrard, Joseph C. Watso , et al. · 2024

Purpose Burn injuries that require grafting impair thermoregulation, which may dissuade individuals with such injuries from being physically active. We tested the hypothesis that cooling modalities attenuate core temperature elevations and…

Hypertension and Ventilatory Responses During Exercise in the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise National Database (FRIEND) Open

Joseph C. Watso, Austin T. Robinson, Ross Arena, Matthew P. Harber, Leonard A. Kaminsky , et al. · 2024

Background A high minute ventilation/rate of carbon dioxide production (V̇ E /V̇ co 2 ) slope during exercise is prognostic for cardiovascular death. Recent data indicate that adults with either controlled or untreated primary hypertension, …

Efficacy and Safety of Long-term Ketogenic Diet Therapy in a Patient With Type 1 Diabetes Open

Andrew P. Koutnik, S. B. Klein, Austin T. Robinson, Joseph C. Watso · 2024

Fewer than 1% of patients with type 1 diabetes achieve normal glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] < 5.7%/ < 39 mmol/mol). Additionally, exogenous insulin administration often causes “iatrogenic hyperinsulinemia,” leading to…

Kidney Function Biomarkers During Extreme Heat Exposure in Young and Older Adults Open

Zachary J. McKenna, Whitley C. Atkins, Josh Foster, Luke N. Belval, Joseph C. Watso , et al. · 2024

This study investigates the effects of extreme heat exposure on kidney function using plasma-based biomarkers in young and older adults.

Faster Club Hockey Athletes Have Reduced Upper Leg Muscular Co-contraction During Maximal-Speed Sprinting Open

Jason J. Williams, Joseph C. Watso · 2024

5 Water Spray Attenuates Increases in Core Temperature During Physical Activity in Well-healed Burn Survivors Open

Craig G. Crandall, Tina L. Palmieri, Whitley C. Atkins, Josh Foster, Zachary J. McKenna , et al. · 2024

Introduction Burn injuries that require grafting impair thermoregulation, and the accompanying heightened increases in skin and core temperatures may dissuade burn injury survivors from engaging in physical activity that is beneficial for …

The effect of mild hypohydration on resting and reflex blood pressure regulation in healthy young and old adults Open

Joseph C. Watso · 2024

Arterial blood pressure (BP) dysregulation is associated with increased future risk of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death among adults in the United States. Indices of BP dysregulation include 1) high resting BP (i.e., hype…

Sex Differences in Sympathetic Responses to Lower-Body Negative Pressure Open

Caitlin P. Jarrard, Joseph C. Watso, Whitley C. Atkins, Zachary J. McKenna, Josh Foster , et al. · 2024

Introduction Trauma-induced hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in prehospital settings. Experimental data demonstrate that females have a lower tolerance to simulated hemorrhage (i.e., central hypovolemia). However, the mechanism(s) un…

Acute nasal breathing lowers diastolic blood pressure and increases parasympathetic contributions to heart rate variability in young adults Open

Joseph C. Watso, Jens N. Cuba, Savannah L. Boutwell, Justine E. Moss, Allison K. Bowerfind , et al. · 2023

There is growing interest in how breathing pace, pattern, and training (e.g., device-guided or -resisted breathing) affect prognostic cardiovascular variables. However, the potential effects of the breathing route on prognostic cardiovascu…

Adjusting for muscle strength and body size attenuates sex differences in the exercise pressor reflex in young adults Open

McKenna A. Tharpe, Braxton A. Linder, Matthew C. Babcock, Joseph C. Watso, Kamila U. Pollin , et al. · 2023

When compared with young males, females typically exhibit lower blood pressure (BP) during exercise. Adjusting for maximal strength attenuates sex differences in BP during isometric handgrip (HG) exercise and postexercise ischemia (PEI), b…

Burn size and environmental conditions modify thermoregulatory responses to exercise in burn survivors Open

Luke N. Belval, Matthew N. Cramer, Gilbert Moralez, Mu Huang, Joseph C. Watso , et al. · 2023

This project tested the hypothesis that burn survivors can perform mild/moderate-intensity exercise in temperate and hot environments without excessive elevations in core body temperature. Burn survivors with low (23 ± 5%TBSA; N = 11), mod…

Cross-sectional analysis of racial differences in hydration and neighborhood deprivation in young adults Open

Austin T. Robinson, Braxton A. Linder, Alex M. Barnett, Soolim Jeong, Sofia O. Sanchez , et al. · 2023

Age alters the thermoregulatory responses to extreme heat exposure with accompanying activities of daily living Open

Zachary J. McKenna, Josh Foster, Whitley C. Atkins, Luke N. Belval, Joseph C. Watso , et al. · 2023

Using an experimental model of extreme heat exposure that incorporates brief periods of light physical activity to simulate activities of daily living, the extent of thermal strain reported herein more accurately represents what would occu…

The damaging duo: Obesity and excess dietary salt contribute to hypertension and cardiovascular disease Open

Joseph C. Watso, Ibra S. Fancher, Dulce H. Gomez, Zach J. Hutchison, Orlando M. Gutiérrez , et al. · 2023

Summary Hypertension is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among adults worldwide. In this review, we focus on two of the most critical public health challenges that contr…

Correction to: Evidence for Chronotropic Incompetence in Well-healed Burn Survivors Open

Joseph C. Watso · 2023

Acute beetroot juice reduces blood pressure in young Black and White males but not females Open

Gregory J. Grosicki, Andrew A. Flatt, Brett L. Cross, Joseph D. Vondrasek, Wesley T. Blumenburg , et al. · 2023

Short-term high-salt consumption does not influence resting or exercising heart rate variability but increases MCP-1 concentration in healthy young adults Open

Braxton A. Linder, Matthew C. Babcock, Kamila U. Pollin, Joseph C. Watso, Austin T. Robinson · 2023

High salt consumption increases blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular disease risk by altering autonomic function and increasing inflammation. However, it is unclear whether salt manipulation alters resting and exercising heart rate varia…

Inhibiting regional sweat evaporation modifies the ventilatory response to exercise: interactions between core and skin temperature Open

Josh Foster, Bryce N. Balmain, Daniel P. Wilhite, Joseph C. Watso, Tony G. Babb , et al. · 2023

Exercise in the heat increases the slope of the relation between minute ventilation and carbon dioxide elimination (V̇ E /V̇co 2 slope) in young healthy adults. An indispensable role for skin temperature in modulating the ventilatory respons…

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