Explanipedia

Euclid: Early Release Observations -- A combined strong and weak lensing solution for Abell 2390 beyond its virial radius Open

J. M. Diego, G. Congedo, R. Gavazzi, T. Schrabback, Hakim Atek , et al. · 2025

Euclid/ is currently mapping the distribution of matter in the Universe in detail via the weak lensing signature of billions of distant galaxies. The weak lensing signal is most prominent around galaxy clusters and can extend up to distanc…

Little red dot variability over a century reveals black hole envelope via a giant Einstein cross Open

Zijian Zhang, Mingyu Li, Masamune Oguri, Xiaojing Lin, Kohei Inayoshi , et al. · 2025

"Little red dots" (LRDs) represent a new population of astronomical objects uncovered by JWST whose nature remains debated. Although many LRDs are suspected as active galactic nuclei (AGN), they show little variability on days-years timesc…

Caustic crossings in giant arcs with extended dark matter objects Open

Benedict Crossey, J. M. Diego, J. M. Palencia · 2025

Caustic-crossing stars observed in giant arcs behind galaxy clusters provide a powerful probe of dark matter substructure. While previous work has focused on point-like lenses such as primordial black holes, we extend this framework to ext…

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1): Identification of massive galaxy candidates at the end of the Epoch of Reionisation Open

K. I. Caputi, Conor McPartland, G. Desprez, A Biviano, G. Girardi , et al. · 2025

Probing the presence and properties of massive galaxies at high redshift is one of the most critical tests for galaxy formation models. In this work, we search for galaxies with stellar masses M* > 10^10.25 Msun at z in [5,7], i.e., toward…

Lensed stars in galaxy–galaxy strong lensing – a JWST prediction for the Cosmic Horseshoe Open

Luke Weisenbach, Thomas E. Collett, J. M. Diego, Jeremy Lim, Thomas J. Broadhurst , et al. · 2025

We explore for the first time the possibility of detecting lensed star transients in galaxy–galaxy strong lensing systems upon repeated, deep imaging using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Our calculation predicts that the extremely …

Galaxy-scale lens search in the PEARLS NEP TDF and CEERS JWST fields Open

Giovanni Ferrami, Nathan Adams, Lewi Westcott, Thomas Harvey, Rolf A. Jansen , et al. · 2025

We present four galaxy scale lenses discovered in two JWST blank-fields: the ∼ 54 arcmin2 of the PEARLS North-Ecliptic-Pole Time-Domain Field (NEP TDF) and in the ∼90 arcmin2 of CEERS. We perform the search by visual inspection of NIRCam p…

Euclid: Quick Data Release (Q1)- The connection between galaxy close encounters and radio activity Open

M. Magliocchetti, Antonio La Marca, L. Bisigello, M. Bondi, F. Ricci , et al. · 2025

Using the large statistics provided by both Euclid and the LOFAR surveys, we present the first large-scale study of the connection between radio emission, its morphology, and the merging properties of the hosts of radio sources up to z=2. …

Modeling dust dynamics in OpenGadget3 Open

Giovanni Tedeschi-Prades, T. Birnstiel, J. M. Diego, Barbara Ercolano, Mark Hutchison · 2025

Context . Dust dynamics plays a critical role in astrophysical processes and has been modeled in hydrodynamical simulations using various approaches. Among particle-based methods like Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), the One-Fluid mo…

Euclid: An emulator for baryonic effects on the matter bispectrum Open

P.A Burger, Giovanni Aricò, Laila Linke, Raúl E. Angulo, Jeger C. Broxterman , et al. · 2025

The Euclid mission and other next-generation large-scale structure surveys will enable high-precision measurements of the cosmic matter distribution. Understanding the impact of baryonic processes such as star formation and active galactic…

J-PAS: Discovery of RaJav, a bright extended Ly α Nebula at z = 2.25 Open

P. T. Rahna, Mohammad Akhlaghi, J. A. Fernández-Ontiveros, Zhen-Ya Zheng, A. Hernán-Caballero , et al. · 2025

We report the discovery of a massive Ly α nebula (potentially largest ever discovered), RaJav, at z = 2.25, associated with a quasar pair: the bright SDSS J162029.07+433451.1 (hereafter J1620+4334) and the faint newly discovered quasar JPA…

Q1 SLDE missed targets Open

M. Walmsley, Paul H. Holloway, N.E.P. Lines, K. Rojas, T.E Collett , et al. · 2025

AstroVink-Q1: Strong gravitational lens candidates missed in Euclid Q1 This record contains newly identified strong gravitational lens candidates discovered with the AstroVink-Q1 vision-transformer network in Euclid Quick Data Release 1 (Q…

Parametric strong lensing model of the galaxy cluster Abell 2390 from Euclid and MUSE observations Open

D. Abriola, M. Lombardi, C. Grillo, P. Bergamini, P. Rosati , et al. · 2025

We present a new high precision parametric strong lensing total mass reconstruction of the Euclid Early Release Observations (ERO) galaxy cluster Abell 2390, at redshift z = 0.231. We include in this analysis 35 multiple images from 13 bac…

JWST lens model for A370: A very low dark matter fraction for a brightest cluster galaxy and lensing properties for the Dragon arc Open

J. M. Diego, Fengwu Sun, J. M. Palencia, Xiaojing Lin, Marceau Limousin , et al. · 2025

We present a new lens model for the z = 0.375 galaxy cluster Abell 370, based on previously spectroscopically confirmed lensed galaxies and new lensed systems identified in JWST data, including recent data from the MAGNIF program. Based on…

Testing Lens Models of PLCK G165.7+67.0 Using Lensed SN H0pe Open

Abhishek Agrawal, Justin Pierel, Gautham Narayan, Brenda Frye, J. M. Diego , et al. · 2025

Supernova H0pe is a multiply-imaged Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) and the second lensed SN to yield a measurement of the Hubble constant by the time-delay cosmography method, finding $H_0 = 75.4^{+8.1}_{-5.5} \text{km s}^{-1} \text{Mpc}^{-1}$.…

Euclid preparation: Towards a DR1 application of higher-order weak lensing statistics Open

S Vinciguerra, Filippo Bouchè, N. Martinet, Lina Castiblanco, Cora Uhlemann , et al. · 2025

This is the second paper in the HOWLS (higher-order weak lensing statistics) series exploring the usage of non-Gaussian statistics for cosmology inference within \textit{Euclid}. With respect to our first paper, we develop a full tomograph…

Primordial black holes in the main lensing galaxy of FBQ 0951+2635 Open

Daniel Isla, L. J. Goicoechea, A. Esteban-Gutiérrez, V. N. Shalyapin, R. Gil‐Merino , et al. · 2025

Although dark matter in galaxies may consist of elementary particles different from those that make up ordinary matter and that would be smoothly distributed (still undetected), the so-called primordial black holes (PBHs) formed soon after…

Euclid : Early Release Observations – Interplay between dwarf galaxies and their globular clusters in the Perseus galaxy cluster Open

T Saifollahi, A. Lançon, M. Cantiello, J.-C. Cuillandre, M. Béthermin , et al. · 2025

We present an analysis of globular clusters (GCs) of dwarf galaxies in the Perseus galaxy cluster that explores the relationship between dwarf galaxy properties and their GCs. Our focus is on GC numbers ( N GC ) and GC half-number radii ( …

Euclid preparation. Predicting star-forming galaxy scaling relations with the spectral stacking code SpectraPyle Open

S Quai, S Quai, M. Talia, M. Talia, P. Cassata , et al. · 2025

We introduce SpectraPyle, a versatile spectral stacking pipeline developed for the Euclid mission's NISP spectroscopic surveys, aimed at extracting faint emission lines and spectral features from large galaxy samples in the Wide and Deep S…

Lensed stars in galaxy-galaxy strong lensing -- a JWST prediction for the Cosmic Horseshoe Open

Sung Kei Li, Luke Weisenbach, Thomas E. Collett, J. M. Diego, Jeremy Lim , et al. · 2025

We explore for the first time the possibility of detecting lensed star transients in galaxy-galaxy strong lensing systems upon repeated, deep imaging using the {\it James-Webb Space Telescope} ({\it JWST}). Our calculation predicts that th…

Cosmology with supernova Encore in the strong lensing cluster MACS J0138-2155: Time delays & Hubble constant measurement Open

Justin Pierel, Erin E. Hayes, M. Millon, C. Larison, E. Mamuzic , et al. · 2025

Multiply-imaged supernovae (SNe) provide a novel means of constraining the Hubble constant ($H_0$). Such measurements require a combination of precise models of the lensing mass distribution and an accurate estimate of the relative time de…

Cosmology with supernova Encore in the strong lensing cluster MACS J0138-2155: Lens model comparison and H0 measurement Open

S. H. Suyu, Ana Acebrón, C. Grillo, P. Bergamini, G.B Caminha , et al. · 2025

MACS J0138-2155 is the only known cluster to strongly lens two supernovae (SNe), Requiem and Encore, from the same host galaxy at z=1.949. We present seven independent mass models of the galaxy cluster built using six software packages. By…

Unveiling the Cosmic Gems Arc at z ∼ 10 with JWST NIRCam Open

Larry Bradley, Angela Adamo, E. Vanzella, Keren Sharon, Gabriel Brammer , et al. · 2025

We present recent JWST NIRCam imaging observations of SPT0615-JD (also known as the Cosmic Gems Arc), lensed by the galaxy cluster SPT-CL J0615−5746. The 5 ″ long arc is the most highly magnified z > 10 galaxy known. It straddles the lensi…

A comprehensive separation of dark matter and baryonic mass components in galaxy clusters II: an overview of the mass distribution in Abell S1063 Open

Benjamin Beauchesne, Benjamin Clément, Marceau Limousin, Anna Niemiec, Mathilde Jauzac , et al. · 2025

In the first paper of this series, we derived mass constraints on the total mass and the baryonic components of the galaxy cluster Abell S1063. The main focus was to recover stellar masses and kinematics for cluster members, the brightest …

A comprehensive separation of dark matter and baryonic mass components in galaxy clusters I: Mass constraints from Abell S1063 Open

Benjamin Beauchesne, Benjamin Clément, Marceau Limousin, Belén Alcalde Pampliega, Mathilde Jauzac , et al. · 2025

In this two-part series, we present a multi-probe mass modelling method for massive galaxy clusters, designed to disentangle the contributions of individual mass components (Dark matter, intra-cluster gas, stellar masses). In this first pa…

JWST’s PEARLS: A z ≃ 6 quasar in a train-wreck galaxy merger system Open

Madeline A. Marshall, Rogier A. Windhorst, Giovanni Ferrami, S. P. Willner, M. Polletta , et al. · 2025

We present JWST NIRSpec integral field spectroscopy observations of the z = 5.89 quasar NDWFS J1425+3254 from 0.6–5.3 μm, covering the rest-frame ultraviolet and optical at a spectral resolution of R ∼ 100. The quasar has a black hole mass…

Euclid : Finding strong gravitational lenses in the early release observations using convolutional neural networks Open

B.C Nagam, J.A. Acevedo Barroso, J. Wilde, I.T Andika, A Manjón-García , et al. · 2025

Several new galaxy-galaxy strong gravitational lenses have been detected in the early release observations (ERO) from Euclid . The all-sky survey is expected to find 170 000 new systems, which are expected to greatly enhancing studies of d…

SLICE: SPT-CL J0546-5345—A Prominent Strong-lensing Cluster at z = 1.07 Open

Joseph F. V. Allingham, Adi Zitrin, Miriam Golubchik, Lukas J. Furtak, Matthew Bayliss , et al. · 2025

Massive galaxy clusters act as prominent strong lenses. Due to a combination of observational biases, cluster evolution, and lensing efficiency, most of the known cluster lenses lie typically at z l ∼ 0.2–0.7, with only a few prominent exa…

Cosmology with supernova Encore in the strong lensing cluster MACS J0138−2155 Open

S. Ertl, S. H. Suyu, S. Schuldt, G. Granata, C. Grillo , et al. · 2025

The strongly lensed supernova (SN) Encore, at a redshift of z = 1.949 and discovered behind the galaxy cluster MACS J0138−2155 at z = 0.336, provides a rare opportunity for time-delay cosmography and studies of the SN host galaxy, where pr…

Euclid preparation. LXXIV. Euclidised observations of Hubble Frontier Fields and CLASH galaxy clusters Open

P. Bergamini, P. Bergamini, M. Meneghetti, L. Bazzanini, P. Rosati , et al. · 2025

We present HST2EUCLID, a novel Python code to generate Euclid realistic mock images in the $H_{\rm E}$, $J_{\rm E}$, $Y_{\rm E}$, and $I_{\rm E}$ photometric bands based on panchromatic Hubble Space Telescope observations. The software was…

Euclid preparation. LXXIV. Euclidised observations of Hubble Frontier Fields and CLASH galaxy clusters Open

P. Bergamini, M. Meneghetti, L. Bazzanini, P. Rosati, P. Rosati , et al. · 2025

We present ̋S, a novel Python code to generate Euclid realistic mock images in the ̋E and photometric bands based on panchromatic Hubble Space Telescope observations. The software was used to create a simulated database of Euclid images for …

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