Explanipedia

Decoding the mechanophysiology for inhaled onset of smallpox with model-based implications for mpox spread Open

Mohammed Yeasin, Mohammad Mehedi Hasan Akash, Abir Malakar, Azadeh A.T. Borojeni, Aditya Tummala , et al. · 2025

Orthopoxviruses can transmit via inhalation of virus-laden airborne particulates, with the initial infection triggered along the respiratory pathway. Understanding the flow physics of inhaled aerosols and droplets within the respiratory tr…

LucidAtlas$: Learning Uncertainty-Aware, Covariate-Disentangled, Individualized Atlas Representations Open

Yining Jiao, Sreekalyani Bhamidi, Huaizhi Qu, Carlton J. Zdanski, Julia S. Kimbell , et al. · 2025

The goal of this work is to develop principled techniques to extract information from high dimensional data sets with complex dependencies in areas such as medicine that can provide insight into individual as well as population level varia…

Inhalation dosimetry and dose-response analysis of diacetyl, 2, 3-pentanedione, and acetoin using respiratory tract vapor uptake models Open

Jeffry D. Schroeter, Julia S. Kimbell, Bahman Asgharian, Owen Price, Danielle Bothelo , et al. · 2025

Dose-response assessment of inhaled vapors demonstrates the utility of dosimetry models for interspecies extrapolation and chemical comparisons and how their use is an important part of risk characterization as non-animal alternatives are …

NeuralOCT: Airway OCT Analysis via Neural Fields Open

Yining Jiao, Amy L. Oldenburg, Yinghan Xu, Srikamal Soundararajan, Carlton J. Zdanski , et al. · 2024

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a popular modality in ophthalmology and is also used intravascularly. Our interest in this work is OCT in the context of airway abnormalities in infants and children where the high resolution of OCT an…

Effects of 3D Airway Geometry on the Airflow of Adults with Cleft Lip and Palate and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Functional Imaging Study Open

Letícia Dominguez Campos, Inge Elly Kiemle Trindade, Sérgio Henrique Kiemle Trindade, Luiz André Freire Pimenta, Julia S. Kimbell , et al. · 2023

Objective Individuals with cleft lip and palate (CLP) are at a high risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Hypothetically, the severity of OSA might be associated with the morphology of the upper airway (UAW) and the characteris…

Mucolytic treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis in a murine model of primary ciliary dyskinesia Open

Weining Yin, Hannah L. Golliher, Amy J. Ferguson, Julia S. Kimbell, Alessandra Livraghi-Butrico , et al. · 2023

Background: Genetic defects in motile cilia cause primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a rare disease with no specific therapeutics. Individuals with PCD often have impaired fertility and laterality defects and universally suffer from upper a…

Mucolytic treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis in a murine model of primary ciliary dyskinesia Open

Weining Yin, Hannah L. Golliher, Amy J. Ferguson, Julia S. Kimbell, Alessandra Livraghi-Butrico , et al. · 2023

Background: Genetic defects in motile cilia cause primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a rare disease with no specific therapeutics. Individuals with PCD often have impaired fertility and laterality defects and universally suffer from upper a…

Geometric Validation of Continuous, Finely Sampled 3-D Reconstructions From aOCT and CT in Upper Airway Models Open

Hillel Price, Julia S. Kimbell, Ruofei Bu, Amy L. Oldenburg · 2023

Identification and treatment of obstructive airway disorders (OADs) are greatly aided by imaging of the geometry of the airway lumen. Anatomical optical coherence tomography (aOCT) is a promising high-speed and minimally invasive endoscopi…

Anatomic Optical Coherence Tomography (aOCT) for Evaluation of the Internal Nasal Valve Open

Candace M. Waters, Wesley H. Stepp, Joseph Conduff, S. Balakrishnan, Ruofei Bu , et al. · 2023

Objectives/Hypothesis: To establish the utility of anatomic optical coherence tomography (aOCT) in evaluating internal nasal valve (INV). Study Design: Anatomic specimen imaging study. Methods: Fresh-harvested human specimen heads were eva…

Utility of endoscopic anatomical optical coherence tomography in functional rhinoplasty Open

S. Balakrishnan, Ruofei Bu, Candace M. Waters, Bryan M. Brandon, Julia S. Kimbell , et al. · 2023

Objective measurement of the nasal valve region is valuable for the assessment of functional rhinoplasty surgical outcomes. Anatomical optical coherence tomography (aOCT) is an imaging modality that may be used to obtain real-time, quantit…

NAISR: A 3D Neural Additive Model for Interpretable Shape Representation Open

Yining Jiao, Carlton J. Zdanski, Julia S. Kimbell, Andrew Prince, Cameron P. Worden , et al. · 2023

Deep implicit functions (DIFs) have emerged as a powerful paradigm for many computer vision tasks such as 3D shape reconstruction, generation, registration, completion, editing, and understanding. However, given a set of 3D shapes with ass…

Updating the biologically based dose-response model for the nasal carcinogenicity of inhaled formaldehyde in the F344 rat Open

Rory B. Conolly, Jeffry D. Schroeter, Julia S. Kimbell, Harvey J. Clewell, Melvin E. Andersen , et al. · 2023

Chronic inhalation of formaldehyde by F344 rats causes nasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This outcome is well-characterized: including dose-response and time course data for SCC, mechanistic endpoints, and nasal dosimetry. Conolly et al…

Relative contributions of endogenous and exogenous formaldehyde to formation of deoxyguanosine monoadducts and DNA-protein crosslink adducts of DNA in rat nasal mucosa Open

Rory B. Conolly, Jerry L. Campbell, Harvey J. Clewell, Jeffry D. Schroeter, Julia S. Kimbell , et al. · 2022

Understanding the dose-response for formaldehyde-induced nasal cancer in rats is complicated by (1) the uneven distribution of inhaled formaldehyde across the interior surface of the nasal cavity and, (2) the presence of endogenous formald…

Anatomic Optical Coherence Tomography (<span>aOCT</span>) for Evaluation of the Internal Nasal Valve Open

Candace M. Waters, Wesley H. Stepp, Joseph Conduff, Santosh Balakrishnan, Ruofei Bu , et al. · 2021

Objectives/Hypothesis To establish the utility of anatomic optical coherence tomography (aOCT) in evaluating internal nasal valve (INV). Study Design Anatomic specimen imaging study. Methods Fresh‐harvested human specimen heads were evalua…

Effects of surface smoothness on inertial particle deposition in human nasal models Open

Jeffry D. Schroeter, Guilherme J. M. Garcia, Julia S. Kimbell · 2021

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions of inertial particle deposition have not compared well with data from nasal replicas due to effects of surface texture and the resolution of tomographic images. To study effects of geometric d…

Lung inflammation and simulated airway resistance in infants with cystic fibrosis Open

Emily M. DeBoer, Julia S. Kimbell, Kaci Pickett, Joseph Hatch, Kathryn Akers , et al. · 2021

Objective Measures in Aesthetic and Functional Nasal Surgery: Perspectives on Nasal Form and Function Open

Sachin Pawar, Guilherme J. M. Garcia, Julia S. Kimbell, John S. Rhee · 2021

The outcomes of aesthetic and functional nasal surgery are difficult to assess objectively due to the intricate balance between nasal form and function. Despite historical emphasis on patient-reported subjective measures, objective measure…

Numerical evaluation of spray position for improved nasal drug delivery Open

Saikat Basu, Landon T. Holbrook, Kathryn Kudlaty, Olulade Fasanmade, Jihong Wu , et al. · 2020

Topical intra-nasal sprays are amongst the most commonly prescribed therapeutic options for sinonasal diseases in humans. However, inconsistency and ambiguity in instructions show a lack of definitive knowledge on best spray use techniques…

Comparative study of simulated nebulized and spray particle deposition in chronic rhinosinusitis patients Open

Z. Farzal, Saikat Basu, Alyssa Burke, Olulade Fasanmade, E.M. Lopez , et al. · 2020

Background: Topical intranasal drugs are widely prescribed for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), although delivery can vary with device type and droplet size. The study objective was to compare nebulized and sprayed droplet deposition in the p…

Deviated nasal septum hinders intranasal sprays: A computer simulation study Open

Dennis O. Frank‐Ito, Julia S. Kimbell, Daniel T. Cannon, Sachin Pawar, John S. Rhee · 2020

This study investigates how deviated nasal septum affects the quantity and distribution of spray particles, and examines the effects of inspiratory airflow and head position on particle transport.

Effects of Anatomy and Particle Size on Nasal Sprays and Nebulizers Open

Dennis O. Frank‐Ito, Julia S. Kimbell, Sachin Pawar, John S. Rhee · 2020

To study the effects of nasal deformity on aerosol penetration past the nasal valve (NV) for varying particle sizes using sprays or nebulizers.

Modeling Nasal Physiology Changes Due to Septal Perforations Open

Daniel E. Cannon, Dennis O. Frank‐Ito, Julia S. Kimbell, David M. Poetker, John S. Rhee · 2020

To use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology to help providers understand 1) how septal perforations may alter nasal physiology and 2) how these alterations are influenced by perforation size and location.

Perception of Better Nasal Patency Correlates with Increased Mucosal Cooling after Surgery for Nasal Obstruction Open

Corbin D. Sullivan, Guilherme J. M. Garcia, Dennis O. Frank‐Ito, Julia S. Kimbell, John S. Rhee · 2020

1. Quantify mucosal cooling (i.e., heat loss) spatially in the nasal passages of nasal airway obstruction (NAO) patients before and after surgery using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). 2. Correlate mucosal cooling with patient-reported …

Simulating the Nasal Cycle with Computational Fluid Dynamics Open

Ruchin Patel, Guilherme J. M. Garcia, Dennis O. Frank‐Ito, Julia S. Kimbell, John S. Rhee · 2020

(1) Develop a method to account for the confounding effect of the nasal cycle when comparing pre- and post-surgery objective measures of nasal patency. (2) Illustrate this method by reporting objective measures derived from computational f…

Predicting Postsurgery Nasal Physiology with Computational Modeling: Current Challenges and Limitations Open

Dennis O. Frank‐Ito, Julia S. Kimbell, Purushottam W. Laud, Guilherme J. M. Garcia, John S. Rhee · 2020

High failure rates for surgical treatment of nasal airway obstruction (NAO) indicate that better diagnostic tools are needed to improve surgical planning. This study evaluates whether computer models based on a surgeon’s edits of pre-surge…

Statistical atlas construction via weighted functional boxplots Open

Yi Hong, Brad Davis, J.S. Marron, Roland Kwitt, Nikhil Singh , et al. · 2020

Atlas-building from population data is widely used in medical imaging. However, the emphasis of atlas-building approaches is typically to estimate a spatial alignment to compute a mean / median shape or image based on population data. In t…

Characterization of Postoperative Changes in Nasal Airflow Using a Cadaveric Computational Fluid Dynamics Model: Supporting the Internal Nasal Valve Open

Scott Shadfar, W. Shockley, Gita M. Fleischman, Anand R. Dugar, Kibwei A. McKinney , et al. · 2020

Collapse or compromise of the internal nasal valve (INV) results in symptomatic nasal obstruction; thus, various surgical maneuvers are designed to support the INV.

A Systematic Review of Patient-Reported Nasal Obstruction Scores: Defining Normative and Symptomatic Ranges in Surgical Patients Open

John S. Rhee, Corbin D. Sullivan, Dennis O. Frank‐Ito, Julia S. Kimbell, Guilherme J. M. Garcia · 2020

A gold standard objective measure of nasal airway obstruction (NAO) does not currently exist, so patient-reported measures are commonly used, particularly the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) and the visual analog scale (VAS). H…

Computed intranasal spray penetration: comparisons before and after nasal surgery Open

Dennis O. Frank‐Ito, Julia S. Kimbell, Daniel T. Cannon, John S. Rhee · 2020

Quantitative methods for comparing intranasal drug delivery efficiencies pre- and postoperatively have not been fully utilized. The objective of this study is to use computational fluid dynamics techniques to evaluate aqueous nasal spray p…

Development of a rhesus monkey lung geometry model and application to particle deposition in comparison to humans Open

Bahman Asgharian, Owen Price, Gene E. McClellan, Rick Corley, Daniel R. Einstein , et al. · 2020

The exposure-dose-response characterization of an inhalation hazard established in an animal species needs to be translated to an equivalent characterization in humans relative to comparable doses or exposure scenarios. Here, the first geo…

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