Julian D. J. Sng
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View article: SARS-CoV-2 infection in hiPSC-derived neurons is cathepsin-dependent and causes differential accumulation of HIF1ɑ and phosphorylated tau
SARS-CoV-2 infection in hiPSC-derived neurons is cathepsin-dependent and causes differential accumulation of HIF1ɑ and phosphorylated tau Open
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been shown to infect areas of the human brain and a subset of neurons in vitro. We have previously demonstrated that the virus enters human induced pluripotent stem cell …
View article: Replication of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages is defined by TMPRSS2 use in environments where ACE2 is complexed with solute carriers SLC6A19 and SLC6A20
Replication of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages is defined by TMPRSS2 use in environments where ACE2 is complexed with solute carriers SLC6A19 and SLC6A20 Open
The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2021 and since then Omicron subvariants have continued to evolve and dominate globally. The viral S protein evolved towards highly efficient antibody evasion and replicative capacity in the…
View article: Glycaemic variability underlies myocyte dysfunction and myocardial injury risk in diabetes
Glycaemic variability underlies myocyte dysfunction and myocardial injury risk in diabetes Open
Heart disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with diabetes, due largely to risks associated with ischaemic injuries such as myocardial infarction (MI). We use human population genetic data to demonstrate tha…
View article: Evolution of Zika virus in <i>Rag1</i>-deficient mice selects for unique envelope glycosylation motif mutants that show enhanced replication fitness
Evolution of Zika virus in <i>Rag1</i>-deficient mice selects for unique envelope glycosylation motif mutants that show enhanced replication fitness Open
N-linked glycosylation of flavivirus envelope proteins is widely viewed as being required for optimal folding, processing and/or transit of envelope proteins, and the assembling virons, through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi.…
View article: An analytical, numerical and experimental study of in-vitro SARS-CoV-2 evolution in Vero B4 cells
An analytical, numerical and experimental study of in-vitro SARS-CoV-2 evolution in Vero B4 cells Open
We derive a numerical model representing the emergence and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants, informed by data from in-vitro passaging experiments in Vero B4 cells. We compare our numerical simulation results against probabilistic derivatio…
View article: Vaccine-induced and hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in two cohorts in Queensland, Australia (2021-2022)
Vaccine-induced and hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in two cohorts in Queensland, Australia (2021-2022) Open
The spike glycoprotein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the main target for vaccine development, as antibodies generated against the spike protein are the most immunodominant and neutralizing against the v…
View article: Passage of Zika virus in<i>Rag1</i>-deficient mice selects for unique envelope glycosylation motif mutants that show enhanced replication
Passage of Zika virus in<i>Rag1</i>-deficient mice selects for unique envelope glycosylation motif mutants that show enhanced replication Open
N-linked glycosylation of flavivirus envelope proteins is widely viewed as a requirement for optimal folding, processing and/or transit of envelope proteins, and the assembling virons, through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi. Here…
View article: Choroid plexus defects in Down syndrome brain organoids enhance neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2
Choroid plexus defects in Down syndrome brain organoids enhance neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2 Open
Why individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2–induced neuropathology remains elusive. Choroid plexus (ChP) plays critical roles in barrier function and immune response modulation and expresses the ACE2 receptor…
View article: Residue K28 of Zika Virus NS5 Protein Is Implicated in Virus Replication and Antagonism of STAT2
Residue K28 of Zika Virus NS5 Protein Is Implicated in Virus Replication and Antagonism of STAT2 Open
The identification of four potential nonstructural 5 (NS5) residues—K28, K45, V335, and S749—that share the same amino acid preference in STAT2-interacting flaviviruses [Dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV)], but not in STAT2-non-inte…
View article: Senolytic therapy alleviates physiological human brain aging and COVID-19 neuropathology
Senolytic therapy alleviates physiological human brain aging and COVID-19 neuropathology Open
Aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is linked to severe neurological manifestations. Senescent cells contribute to brain aging, but the impact of virus-induced senescence on …
View article: TMPRSS2 activation of Omicron lineage Spike glycoprotein is regulated by Collectrin-like domain of ACE2
TMPRSS2 activation of Omicron lineage Spike glycoprotein is regulated by Collectrin-like domain of ACE2 Open
Continued high-level spread of SARS-CoV-2 has enabled an accumulation of changes within the Spike glycoprotein, leading to resistance to neutralising antibodies and concomitant changes to entry requirements that increased viral transmissio…
View article: Choroid plexus defects in Down syndrome brain organoids enhance neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2
Choroid plexus defects in Down syndrome brain organoids enhance neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2 Open
Why individuals with Down Syndrome (DS, trisomy 21) are particularly susceptible to SARS CoV-2 induced neuropathology remains largely unclear. Since the choroid plexus (CP) performs important barrier and immune-interface functions, secrete…
View article: Senolytic therapy alleviates physiological human brain aging and COVID-19 neuropathology
Senolytic therapy alleviates physiological human brain aging and COVID-19 neuropathology Open
Aging is the primary risk factor for most neurodegenerative diseases, and recently coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with severe neurological manifestations that can eventually impact neurodegenerative conditions in t…
View article: Senolytic therapy alleviates physiological human brain aging and COVID-19 neuropathology
Senolytic therapy alleviates physiological human brain aging and COVID-19 neuropathology Open
Aging is the primary risk factor for most neurodegenerative diseases, and recently coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with severe neurological manifestations that can eventually impact neurodegenerative conditions in t…
View article: Elevated BMI reduces the humoral response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Elevated BMI reduces the humoral response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection Open
Objective Class III obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 40 kg m −2 ) significantly impairs the immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination. However, the effect of an elevated BMI (≥ 25 kg m −2 ) on humoral immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and C…
View article: Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Suitable for Multiple Applications for Current Variants of Concern
Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Suitable for Multiple Applications for Current Variants of Concern Open
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spawned an ongoing demand for new research reagents and interventions. Herein we describe a panel of mon…
View article: Zika virus noncoding RNA cooperates with the viral protein NS5 to inhibit STAT1 phosphorylation and facilitate viral pathogenesis
Zika virus noncoding RNA cooperates with the viral protein NS5 to inhibit STAT1 phosphorylation and facilitate viral pathogenesis Open
All flaviviruses, including Zika virus, produce noncoding subgenomic flaviviral RNA (sfRNA), which plays an important role in viral pathogenesis. However, the exact mechanism of how sfRNA enables viral evasion of antiviral response is not …
View article: Ancestral SARS-CoV-2, but not Omicron, replicates less efficiently in primary pediatric nasal epithelial cells
Ancestral SARS-CoV-2, but not Omicron, replicates less efficiently in primary pediatric nasal epithelial cells Open
Children typically experience more mild symptoms of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) when compared to adults. There is a strong body of evidence that children are also less susceptible to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 …
View article: The distinguishing NS5-M114V mutation in American Zika virus isolates has negligible impacts on virus replication and transmission potential
The distinguishing NS5-M114V mutation in American Zika virus isolates has negligible impacts on virus replication and transmission potential Open
During 2015–2016, outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) occurred in Southeast Asia and the Americas. Most ZIKV infections in humans are asymptomatic, while clinical manifestation is usually a self-limiting febrile disease with maculopapular rash.…
View article: The swan genome and transcriptome: its not all black and white
The swan genome and transcriptome: its not all black and white Open
The Australian black swan ( Cygnus atratus ) is an iconic species with contrasting plumage to that of the closely related Northern Hemisphere white swans. The relative geographic isolation of the black swan may have resulted in a limited i…
View article: Synthetic Heparan Sulfate Mimetic Pixatimod (PG545) Potently Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 by Disrupting the Spike–ACE2 Interaction
Synthetic Heparan Sulfate Mimetic Pixatimod (PG545) Potently Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 by Disrupting the Spike–ACE2 Interaction Open
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a cell surface polysaccharide recently identified as a coreceptor with the ACE2 protein for the S1 spike protein on SARS-CoV-2 virus, providing a tractable new therapeutic target. Clinically used heparins demonstrat…
View article: Structural analysis of 3’UTRs in insect flaviviruses reveals novel determinants of sfRNA biogenesis and provides new insights into flavivirus evolution
Structural analysis of 3’UTRs in insect flaviviruses reveals novel determinants of sfRNA biogenesis and provides new insights into flavivirus evolution Open
Subgenomic flaviviral RNAs (sfRNAs) are virus-derived noncoding RNAs produced by pathogenic mosquito-borne flaviviruses (MBF) to counteract the host antiviral response. To date, the ability of non-pathogenic flaviviruses to produce and uti…
View article: SARS-CoV-2 drives NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human microglia through spike-ACE2 receptor interaction
SARS-CoV-2 drives NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human microglia through spike-ACE2 receptor interaction Open
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is primarily a respiratory disease, however, an increasing number of reports indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection can also cause severe neurological manifestations, including precipitating cases of probabl…
View article: Structural analysis of 3’UTRs in insect flaviviruses reveals novel determinant of sfRNA biogenesis and provides new insights into flavivirus evolution
Structural analysis of 3’UTRs in insect flaviviruses reveals novel determinant of sfRNA biogenesis and provides new insights into flavivirus evolution Open
Insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs) circulate in nature due to vertical transmission in mosquitoes and do not infect vertebrates. ISFs include two distinct lineages – classical ISFs (cISFs) that evolved independently and dual host associat…
View article: A versatile reverse genetics platform for SARS-CoV-2 and other positive-strand RNA viruses
A versatile reverse genetics platform for SARS-CoV-2 and other positive-strand RNA viruses Open
The current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We demonstrate that despite the large size of the viral RNA genome (~30 kb), infectious full-length cDNA is readily assembled in v…
View article: Zika virus noncoding RNA cooperates with the viral protein NS5 to inhibit STAT1 phosphorylation and facilitate viral pathogenesis
Zika virus noncoding RNA cooperates with the viral protein NS5 to inhibit STAT1 phosphorylation and facilitate viral pathogenesis Open
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging pathogenic flavivirus, which causes microcephaly in infants and poses a continuing threat to public health. ZIKV, like all other flaviviruses, produces highly abundant noncoding RNA known as subgenomic fl…