Explanipedia

Amaurosis Fugax Dolorosa Open

Stephanie B. Syc‐Mazurek, Nisa Vorasoot, Deena Tajfirouz, Eric Eggenberger, Kevin D. Chodnicki , et al. · 2025

NCOG-58. Connectomics-based Quantitative Tractometry in Brain Tumor Surgery: AI-Guided Network Analysis for Optimizing Onco-Functional Balance Open

Iñigo L. Sistiaga, Leonid Mittelman, Harshal A. Shah, John J. Chen, Nitish Seenarine , et al. · 2025

Contemporary brain tumor surgery increasingly prioritizes a network-based view of cerebral function, shifting from localizationist models toward a meta-network framework that recognizes the brain as an interconnected system. We hypothesize…

Semaglutide and diabetic retinopathy: an OHDSI network study Open

Cindy X. Cai, Akihiko Nishimura, Sally L. Baxter, Kerry Goetz, Michelle R. Hribar , et al. · 2025

Introduction Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), has potential associations with higher rates of diabetic retinopathy (DR) complications including proliferative DR…

Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in idiopathic intracranial hypertension : a systematic review Open

Julien Ognard, Sevda Alipour Khabir, Sherief Ghozy, Gerard El Hajj, Kevin M. Kallmes , et al. · 2025

Background Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a debilitating neurologic condition marked by elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), typically affecting obese women of reproductive age. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GL…

Amaurosis Fugax Dolorosa Open

Andreu Vilaseca, Stephanie B. Syc‐Mazurek, Nisa Vorasoot, Deena Tajfirouz, Eric Eggenberger , et al. · 2025

Painful AF is a previously unrecognized and specific prodrome of MOGAD-associated ON; identifying this rare presentation may enable earlier diagnosis and treatment.

Microsurgical clipping of a recurrent anterior communicating artery aneurysm following WEB intrasaccular embolization: illustrative case Open

Harshal A. Shah, Danielle Golub, Joshua D. McBriar, John J. Chen, Cassidy Werner , et al. · 2025

BACKGROUND The Woven EndoBridge (WEB) embolization system is an endovascularly deployed intrasaccular device that promotes occlusion in cerebrovascular aneurysms through intra-aneurysmal thrombosis. While the safety and efficacy of the WEB…

Stent With Occluder in the Valve Commissure Technique for Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement Open

Sidakpal Panaich, John J. Chen, Santanu Biswas, Nina Rashedi, Sameer Gafoor · 2025

Consensus disease definitions for ophthalmic immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors Open

Eileen Chang, Renee Liu, Kiandokht Keyhanian, Katie Huynh, Meghan Berkenstock , et al. · 2025

Ophthalmic immune-related adverse events (Eye-irAEs) from immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause visual morbidity. The absence of standardized definitions for Eye-irAEs not only impedes the development of evidence-based treatments but also…

Impact of statin use on short- and long-term outcomes in patients with sepsis-induced myocardial injury: insights from the MIMIC-IV database Open

Yuan Liu, John J. Chen, Ying Yuan, Pingping Niu, Mengyi Wu , et al. · 2025

Background Sepsis-induced myocardial injury (SIMI) is a critical complication of sepsis, marked by high mortality rates, and lacks effective treatments. The impact of statin therapy on mortality in SIMI patients remains unclear. This study…

Re-examining the putative association between GLP-1 receptor agonists and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy Open

Sabrina Poonja, John J. Chen · 2025

Semaglutide and Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Open

Cindy X. Cai, Michelle R. Hribar, Sally L. Baxter, Kerry Goetz, Swarup S. Swaminathan , et al. · 2025

Importance Semaglutide, a glucagonlike peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), has recently been implicated in cases of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), raising safety concerns in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D…

Assessment of concurrent neoplasms and a paraneoplastic association in MOGAD Open

Young Nam Kwon, Nanthaya Tisavipat, Yong Guo, Stephanie B. Syc‐Mazurek, Ji Yeon Han , et al. · 2025

Cases of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody‐associated disease (MOGAD) co‐occurring with neoplasms have been reported. In this international, retrospective cohort study in South Korea and the USA, 16 of 445 (3.6%) patients …

Real‐world clinical experience with serum MOG and AQP4 antibody testing by live versus fixed cell‐based assay Open

Yana Said, Angeliki Filippatou, Conlan Tran, LuAnn Rezavi, Kai Guo , et al. · 2025

Objective To assess the real‐world performance of a live (LCBA) versus a fixed (FCBA) cell‐based assay for the detection of serum antibodies directed against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG‐IgG) and aquaporin‐4 (AQP4‐IgG). Methods…

Chain-of-Interactions: Multi-step Iterative ICL Framework for Abstractive Task-Oriented Dialogue Summarization of Conversational AI Interactions Open

Jason Samuel Lucas, Ali Al Lawati, Mahjabin Nahar, John J. Chen, Mahnoosh Mehrabani · 2025

Cerebellar Involvement in Attacks of Aquaporin-4-IgG Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Open

Alessandro Dinoto, Laura Cacciaguerra, Karl N. Krecke, John J. Chen, Dean M. Wingerchuk , et al. · 2024

Cerebellar involvement during attacks of AQP4+NMOSD is rare but the associated neurologic deficits tend to be severe. Cerebellar peduncle or dentate nucleus T2-lesions are frequent MRI accompaniments. Clinical features and MRI lesion patte…

Radiology-pathology correlation: Rosai–Dorfman disease Open

John C. Benson, Alberto A. C. C. Pais, Ian T. Mark, W. Oliver Tobin, John J. Chen , et al. · 2024

Rosai–Dorfman Disease (RDD), also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytic neoplasm. Although the disease classically presents as massive painless lymphadenopathy in young adults,…

Recent advances in neuro-ophthalmology Open

Shikha Talwar Bassi, Nancy J. Newman, John J. Chen, Nanthaya Tisavipat, Susan P. Mollan , et al. · 2024

This review article represents a collaborative effort across continents, bringing together the latest developments in neuro-ophthalmology with a focus on innovative diagnostic and therapeutic modalities that are shaping the future of the f…

Dried blood spot improves global access to aquaporin‐4‐IgG testing for neuromyelitis optica Open

Nisa Vorasoot, Yahya Abdulrahman, Farrah J. Mateen, James P. Fryer, Vyanka Redenbaugh , et al. · 2024

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of dried blood spot (DBS) compared with conventional serum Aquaporin‐4‐IgG (AQP4‐IgG) testing. Methods Prospective multicenter diagnostic study was conducted between April 2018…

Radiologic Predictors of Visual Outcome in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Related Optic Neuritis Open

Armin Handzic, Jim Shenchu Xie, Nanthaya Tisavipat, Roisin M. O’Cearbhaill, Deena Tajfirouz , et al. · 2024

Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

Neuro-Ophthalmic Literature Review Open

David A. Bellows, John J. Chen, Wei-Che Hung, Andrew C. Y. Mak, Collin M. McClelland , et al. · 2024

Application of the international criteria for optic neuritis in the Acute Optic Neuritis Network Open

Philipp Klyscz, Susanna Asseyer, Ricardo Alonso, Charlotte Bereuter, Omer Bialer , et al. · 2024

Objective The first international consensus criteria for optic neuritis (ICON) were published in 2022. We applied these criteria to a prospective, global observational study of acute optic neuritis (ON). Methods We included 160 patients wi…

Frequency of Asymptomatic Optic Nerve Enhancement in 203 Patients With MOG Antibody-Associated Disease Open

Deena Tajfirouz, Ajay A. Madhavan, J. Marrero, Karl N. Krecke, Kalli J. Fautsch , et al. · 2024

Asymptomatic optic nerve enhancement occurred in 13% of interattack MRIs, the majority in patients with prior ON and occurring at prior sites of optic nerve enhancement. New asymptomatic optic nerve enhancement in areas without prior ON wa…

Neuro-Ophthalmic Literature Review Open

David A. Bellows, John J. Chen, Wei-Che Hung, Andrew C. Y. Mak, Michael S. Vaphiades , et al. · 2024

Radiologic Lag and Brain MRI Lesion Dynamics During Attacks in MOG Antibody–Associated Disease Open

Laura Cacciaguerra, Omar Abdel‐Mannan, Dimitrios Champsas, Kshitij Mankad, Karl N. Krecke , et al. · 2024

Radiologic lag is common within MOGAD attacks. Dynamic imaging with frequent appearance and occasional disappearance of lesions within a single attack suggest MOGAD diagnosis over MS and AQP4+NMOSD. These findings have implications for cli…

Neuro-Ophthalmic Literature Review Open

David A. Bellows, John J. Chen, Hui‐Chen Cheng, Peter W. MacIntosh, Collin M. McClelland , et al. · 2024

MOG Antibody–Associated Disease in the Setting of Metastatic Melanoma Complicated by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Use Open

Stephanie B. Syc‐Mazurek, Hannah Zhao-Fleming, Yong Guo, Nanthaya Tisavipat, John J. Chen , et al. · 2024

This case revealed a presentation of MOGAD concurrent with melanoma without tumor MOG immunostaining. We highlight tocilizumab as a dual-purpose treatment of MOGAD and the neurologic immune-related adverse effect of ICI.

Diagnostic Utility of MOG Antibody Testing in Cerebrospinal Fluid Open

Vyanka Redenbaugh, James P. Fryer, Laura Cacciaguerra, John J. Chen, Tammy M. Greenwood , et al. · 2024

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG‐IgG) testing. Methods We retrospectively identified patients for CSF MOG‐IgG testing from…

Acute Optic Neuropathy in Older Adults Open

Nanthaya Tisavipat, Hadas Stiebel‐Kalish, Dahlia Palevski, Omer Bialer, Heather E. Moss , et al. · 2024

Acute unilateral optic neuropathy with optic disc edema in older adults can be caused by either MOGAD-ON or NAION. Detailed history, the degree of pRNFL swelling on OCT, and visual outcomes can help differentiate the entities and prevent i…

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Kelch-Like Protein-11 IgG Brainstem Encephalitis Open

Albert Aboseif, Nisa Vorasoot, Marcus Vinícius Pinto, Yong Guo, Shemonti Hasan , et al. · 2024

We report KLHL11-IgG rhombencephalitis associated with poorly differentiated esophageal cancer as a novel nirAE. Tumor staining revealed KLHL11 immunoreactivity, supporting a cancer-antigen-driven ICI-associated paraneoplastic syndrome. Re…

Evaluation of MR Elastography as a Noninvasive Diagnostic Test for Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Open

Ian T. Mark, Pragalv Karki, Jeremy K. Cutsforth‐Gregory, Waleed Brinjikji, Ajay A. Madhavan , et al. · 2024

Results from this pilot study demonstrate MR elastography as a potential imaging biomarker and a noninvasive method for diagnosing spontaneous intracranial hypotension, including patients with normal brain MR imaging findings.

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