Explanipedia

Use of Intrathecal Amphotericin for Coccidioidal Meningitis Open

Rebecca Y. Linfield, Jane W. Liang, Guillermo Rodriguez‐Nava, Vanessa El Kamari, Julie Parsonnet · 2025

Background Cases of coccidioidomycosis are increasing dramatically in the United States. The utility of intrathecal (IT) amphotericin in treating coccidioidal meningitis (CM) in the era of azole therapy is unknown. We sought to understand …

Erratum for Van Fossen et al., “Influence of environmental exposures on T follicular helper cell function and implications on immunity: a comparison of Bangladeshi and American children” Open

Dana M. Van Fossen, Hyun‐Jae Cho, Lisa E. Wagar, Z. Jennie, Julie Parsonnet , et al. · 2025

Altered auditory brainstem responses are post-acute sequela of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) Open

Christopher E. Niemczak, Erika Skoe, Samantha Leigh, Linda Zhang, Megan Dotzenrod , et al. · 2025

The Post-acute Sequela of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) syndrome, also known as Long-COVID, often presents with subjective symptoms such as brain fog and cognitive fatigue. Increased tinnitus, and decreased hearing in noise ability also occur with PAS…

Influence of environmental exposures on T follicular helper cell function and implications on immunity: a comparison of Bangladeshi and American children Open

Dana M. Van Fossen, Hyun‐Jae Cho, Lisa E. Wagar, Z. Jennie, Julie Parsonnet , et al. · 2025

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are crucial for B cell activation and subsequent antibody production. This functionality is influenced by surface markers such as CD40L, a costimulatory factor which promotes B cell activation, and CD57, whi…

Flagellin in the human gut microbiome is a diet-adjustable adjuvant for vaccination Open

Kelsey E. Huus, Yi Han Tan, Hirohito Abo, Rainer Keller, Ezgi Atay , et al. · 2025

The intestinal microbiota is thought to modulate immune responsiveness to vaccines. Human studies on this topic, however, have yielded inconsistent results 1,2 . We hypothesized that the microbiome would influence innate immune responses, …

P-1965. Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions and Protection Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Changing Pandemic Landscape Open

Meri R.J. Varkila, Catherine Ley, Maria de la Luz Sanchez, Julie Parsonnet · 2025

Background Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI), such as social distancing measures and the use of face masks, are presumed to lower the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Guidance and mandates by public health authorities, however, have varied…

P-492. Quantification of HIV Shedding in Viremic Patients Open

Rebecca Y. Linfield, Alessandro Zulli, S.M. de Jong, Marlene K. Wolfe, Alexandria B. Boehm , et al. · 2025

Background Identifying pockets of undiagnosed HIV is a critical step in the U.S. Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE). Wastewater-based epidemiology represents a novel way to build agnostic population-level data about disease distribution. We det…

Time of Day of Sars-Cov-2 Vaccination and Antibody Response in Patients Receiving Dialysis Open

Nivetha Subramanian, Xue Yu, Meri R.J. Varkila, Patti Hunsader, Curt Morgan , et al. · 2025

Implementing Oral Antibiotics for Bone and Joint Infections: Lessons Learned and Opportunities for Improvement Open

Marten R Hawkins, Elizabeth Thottacherry, Prerak Juthani, Jenny Aronson, Amy Chang , et al. · 2024

Background Although intravenous antibiotics have historically been the standard of care for bone and joint infections, clinical trial data have highlighted the safety and efficacy of oral antibiotics. Despite this, intravenous antibiotics …

Detection and quantification of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) total nucleic acids in wastewater settled solids from two California communities Open

Marlene K. Wolfe, Meri R.J. Varkila, Alessandro Zulli, Julie Parsonnet, Alexandria B. Boehm · 2024

Wastewater surveillance for infectious agents has proved useful in identifying the circulation of viruses within populations. We investigated the presence and concentration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 total nucleic acids (inclu…

Acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance Testing Among Patients Receiving Dialysis Open

Maria E. Montez‐Rath, Meri R.J. Varkila, Xue Yu, Stephanie Brillhart, Curt Morgan , et al. · 2024

Importance Integrating routine SARS-CoV-2 testing in dialysis facilities may benefit patients receiving dialysis by mitigating risks of serious illness and reducing transmission. Patient acceptance of nonmandatory testing is unknown. Objec…

Microbial enzymes induce colitis by reactivating triclosan in the mouse gastrointestinal tract Open

Jianan Zhang, Morgan E. Walker, Katherine Z. Sanidad, Hongna Zhang, Yanshan Liang , et al. · 2024

Tafenoquine for Relapsing Babesiosis: A Case Series Open

Peter J. Krause, Ralph Rogers, Monika K. Shah, HeeEun Kang, Julie Parsonnet , et al. · 2024

Background Relapsing babesiosis often occurs in highly immunocompromised patients and has been attributed to the acquisition of resistance against drugs commonly used for treatment such as atovaquone, azithromycin, and clindamycin. Tafenoq…

CalScope: methodology and lessons learned for conducting a remote statewide SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence study in California using an at-home dried blood spot collection kit and online survey Open

Esther Lim, Megha Mehrotra, Katherine Lamba, Amanda Kamali, Kristina Lai , et al. · 2024

Background To describe the methodology for conducting the CalScope study, a remote, population-based survey launched by the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) to estimate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and understand COVID-19 disease…

Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis evaluating Camostat Mesilate to Treat COVID-19 in Community Settings Open

Haley Hedlin, Els Tobback, Justin Lee, Yiwen Wang, I. Dragoni , et al. · 2024

Background In the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of phase II and III randomized trials were launched to evaluate the effectiveness of camostat, an orally administered TMPRSS2 inhibitor previously approved for other indications, for treating S…

Monthly Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine During Pregnancy Prevents Febrile Respiratory Illnesses: A Secondary Analysis of a Malaria Chemoprevention Trial in Uganda Open

Jordan John Lee, Abel Kakuru, Karen B. Jacobson, Moses R. Kamya, Richard Kajubi , et al. · 2024

Background Trials evaluating antimalarials for intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) have shown that dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is a more efficacious antimalarial than sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP); however, SP is…

Detection and quantification of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) total nucleic acids in wastewater settled solids from two California communities Open

Marlene K. Wolfe, Bridgette Shelden, Dorothea Duong, Meri R.J. Varkila, Brad J. White , et al. · 2024

Wastewater surveillance for infectious agents has proved useful in identifying circulation of viruses within populations. We investigated the presence and concentration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 total nucleic acids (including…

Observations of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Nucleic Acids in Wastewater Solids Across the United States in the 2022–2023 Season: Relationships with RSV Infection Positivity and Hospitalization Rates Open

Alessandro Zulli, Meri R.J. Varkila, Julie Parsonnet, Marlene K. Wolfe, Alexandria B. Boehm · 2024

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory illness and hospitalization, but clinical surveillance detects only a minority of cases. Wastewater surveillance could determine the onset and extent of RSV circulation in…

A modified Michaelis-Menten equation estimates growth from birth to 3 years in healthy babies in the USA Open

William A. Walters, Catherine Ley, Trevor Hastie, Ruth E. Ley, Julie Parsonnet · 2024

Background Standard pediatric growth curves cannot be used to impute missing height or weight measurements in individual children. The Michaelis–Menten equation, used for characterizing substrate-enzyme saturation curves, has been shown to…

338. ChatGPT Conveys Incorrect Information about the FDA’s Antibiotic Boxed Warnings Open

Rebecca Y. Linfield, Julie Parsonnet · 2023

Background Chat Generative Pre-training Transformer (ChatGPT) is a popular artificial intelligence-based chatbot that rapidly provides responses to online inquiries. As a language-processing – rather than a scientific – tool, ChatGPT does …

Observations of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) nucleic-acids in wastewater solids across the United States in the 2022-2023 season: Relationships with RSV infection positivity and hospitalization rates Open

Alessandro Zulli, Meri R.J. Varkila, Julie Parsonnet, Marlene K. Wolfe, Alexandria B. Boehm · 2023

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory illness and hospitalization but surveillance detects only a minority of cases. Wastewater surveillance could determine onset and extent of RSV circulation in the absence o…

Comparison of US emergency departments by HIV priority jurisdiction designation: A case for geographically targeted screening in teaching hospitals Open

Christopher Bennett, Allan S. Detsky, Carson E. Clay, Janice A. Espinola, Julie Parsonnet , et al. · 2023

The Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) Initiative targets a subset of United States (US) priority jurisdictions hardest hit by HIV. It remains unclear which emergency departments (EDs) are the most appropriate targets for EHE-related efforts. T…

Using Science to Reduce Firearm Injuries and Deaths Open

Rebecca Cunningham, Mark L. Rosenberg, Theodore Corbin, Charles C. Branas, Shani Buggs , et al. · 2023

Defining Usual Oral Temperature Ranges in Outpatients Using an Unsupervised Learning Algorithm Open

Catherine Ley, Frederik Heath, Trevor Hastie, Zijun Gao, Myroslava Protsiv , et al. · 2023

Importance Although oral temperature is commonly assessed in medical examinations, the range of usual or “normal” temperature is poorly defined. Objective To determine normal oral temperature ranges by age, sex, height, weight, and time of…

Use of Wastewater Metrics to Track COVID-19 in the US Open

Meri R.J. Varkila, Maria E. Montez‐Rath, Joshua A. Salomon, Xue Yu, Geoffrey A. Block , et al. · 2023

Importance Widespread use of at-home COVID-19 tests hampers determination of community COVID-19 incidence. Objective To examine the association of county-level wastewater metrics with high case and hospitalization rates nationwide both bef…

Recruitment into antibody prevalence studies: a randomized trial of postcards vs. letters as invitations Open

Catherine Ley, Heying Duan, Julie Parsonnet · 2023

A modified Michaelis-Menten equation estimates growth from birth to 3 years in healthy babies in the US Open

William A. Walters, Catherine Ley, Trevor Hastie, Ruth E. Ley, Julie Parsonnet · 2023

Background and Objectives : Standard pediatric growth curves cannot be used to impute missing height or weight measurements in individual children. The Michaelis-Menten equation, used for characterizing substrate-enzyme saturation curves, …

Evaluation of Acebilustat, a Selective Inhibitor of Leukotriene B4 Biosynthesis, for Treatment of Outpatients With Mild-Moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Trial Open

Joseph E. Levitt, Haley Hedlin, Sophie Duong, Di Lu, Justin Lee , et al. · 2023

Background The vast majority of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease occurs in outpatients where treatment is limited to antivirals for high-risk subgroups. Acebilustat, a leukotriene B4 inhibitor, has potential to reduce inflammati…

Feasibility and Acceptability of SARS-CoV-2 Screening among Patients Receiving Hemodialysis Open

Shuchi Anand, Maria E. Montez‐Rath, Meri R.J. Varkila, Xue Yu, Martha Block , et al. · 2023

Anand, Shuchi; Montez-Rath, Maria; Varkila, Meri; Yu, Xue; Block, Martha; Brillhart, Stephanie; Leppink, Amanda; Hunsader, Patti; Owens, Douglas K.; Chertow, Glenn M.; Parsonnet, Julie; Block, Geoffrey A. Author Information

Recruitment into antibody prevalence studies: a randomized trial of postcards vs. letters as invitations Open

Catherine Ley, Heying Duan, Julie Parsonnet · 2023

Background In a potential epidemic of an emerging infection, representative population-based serologic studies are required to determine the extent of immunity to the infectious agent, either from natural infection or vaccination. Recruitm…

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