Kai Krämer
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From theory to therapy: unlocking the potential of muscarinic receptor activation in schizophrenia with the dual M1/M4 muscarinic receptor agonist xanomeline and trospium chloride and insights from clinical trials Open
Since the 1950s, understanding of antipsychotic activity in schizophrenia has been largely grounded in the dopamine (DA) hypothesis. Most antipsychotics approved for schizophrenia interact with D2 DA receptors as an important part of their…
Unravelling the Enantioselective Mechanism of Benzylsuccinate Synthase: Insights into Anaerobic Hydrocarbon Degradation Through Multiscale Modelling and Kinetics Open
Fumarate-adding enzymes (FAE) are a subset of the glycyl radical enzyme superfamily involved in anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation. Benzylsuccinate synthase (BSS) catalyzes the enantiospecific formation of R -benzylsuccinate from toluene an…
View article: Modeling the Initiation Phase of the Catalytic Cycle in the Glycyl-Radical Enzyme Benzylsuccinate Synthase
Modeling the Initiation Phase of the Catalytic Cycle in the Glycyl-Radical Enzyme Benzylsuccinate Synthase Open
The reaction of benzylsuccinate synthase, the radical-based addition of toluene to a fumarate cosubstrate, is initiated by hydrogen transfer from a conserved cysteine to the nearby glycyl radical in the active center of the enzyme. In this…
View article: Modeling the initiation phase of the catalytic cycle in the glycyl-radical enzyme benzylsuccinate synthase
Modeling the initiation phase of the catalytic cycle in the glycyl-radical enzyme benzylsuccinate synthase Open
The reaction of benzylsuccinate synthase, the radical-based addition of toluene to a fumarate cosubstrate, is initiated by hydrogen-transfer from a conserved cysteine to the nearby glycyl radical in the active center of the enzyme. In this…
Single-Molecule Dynamics of DNA Receptor ComEA, Membrane Permease ComEC, and Taken-Up DNA in Competent Bacillus subtilis Cells Open
Bacteria can take up DNA from the environment and incorporate it into their chromosome, which is termed “natural competence” that can result in the uptake of novel genetic information. We show that fluorescently labeled DNA moves within th…
Single molecule dynamics of DNA receptor ComEA, membrane permease ComEC and taken up DNA in competent <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> cells Open
In competent gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, double stranded DNA is taken up through the outer cell membrane and/or the cell wall, and is bound by ComEA, which in Bacillus subtilis is a membrane protein. DNA is converted to singl…