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View article: Silica-coated LiYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup>, Tm<sup>3+</sup> upconverting nanoparticles are non-toxic and activate minor stress responses in mammalian cells
Silica-coated LiYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup>, Tm<sup>3+</sup> upconverting nanoparticles are non-toxic and activate minor stress responses in mammalian cells Open
Silica-coated lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are internalized by mammalian cells. The bipyramidal UCNPs are non-toxic and elicit minor stress responses in a cell type-dependent fashion.