Karin Borges
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View article: Could Glutamine Feed Epileptogenesis?
Could Glutamine Feed Epileptogenesis? Open
Mitochondrial Glutamine Metabolism Drives Epileptogenesis in Primary Hippocampal Neurons Helmut Kubista, Francesco Gentile, Klaus Schicker, Thomas Köcher, Stefan Boehm, and Matej Hotka, J Neurosci , May 21, 2025;45(21):e0110252025. https:/…
View article: Altered Glut4, <scp>IRAP</scp> , and Brain Insulin Signaling in a Mouse Model of Epilepsy and Contributions to Glucose Transport in Neurons and Astrocytes
Altered Glut4, <span>IRAP</span> , and Brain Insulin Signaling in a Mouse Model of Epilepsy and Contributions to Glucose Transport in Neurons and Astrocytes Open
There is evidence that glucose transport is impaired between seizures, which can promote seizure generation. In addition to glucose transporters Glut1 and Glut3, Glut4 is also found in the brain. Glut4 translocation is regulated by insulin…
View article: Lactate Transport via Glial <scp>MCT1</scp> and Neuronal <scp>MCT2</scp> Is Not Required for Synchronized Synaptic Transmission in Hippocampal Slices Supplied With Glucose
Lactate Transport via Glial <span>MCT1</span> and Neuronal <span>MCT2</span> Is Not Required for Synchronized Synaptic Transmission in Hippocampal Slices Supplied With Glucose Open
The metabolite lactate (L‐lactate) has been hypothesized to represent an important energy source during brain activation. The contribution of lactate in fueling synchronized synaptic transmission during fast neural network oscillations und…
View article: Embracing Scientific Debate in Brain Metabolism
Embracing Scientific Debate in Brain Metabolism Open
Brain metabolism is a fascinating and exciting research topic. Many new metabolic features of the brain continue to be unveiled and much remains to be discovered. To truly enable scientific progress, it is imperative that discoveries and t…
View article: Insights from a methylome-wide association study of antidepressant exposure
Insights from a methylome-wide association study of antidepressant exposure Open
This study tests the association of whole-blood DNA methylation and antidepressant exposure in 16,531 individuals from Generation Scotland (GS), using self-report and prescription-derived measures. We identify 8 associations and a high con…
View article: “Brain propane’’: Propionate Fuels the Brain in Mice With Brain Energy Deficits
“Brain propane’’: Propionate Fuels the Brain in Mice With Brain Energy Deficits Open
Imaging Brain Glucose Metabolism In Vivo Reveals Propionate as a Major Anaplerotic Substrate in Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Marin-Valencia I, Kocabas A, Rodriguez-Navas C, Miloushev VZ, González-Rodríguez M, Lees H, Henry KE, Vaynsht…
View article: DREADD Microglia? Targeted Microglial Gi Activation in the Acute Phase can Reduce Seizure Severity, but is Detrimental in the Long Term
DREADD Microglia? Targeted Microglial Gi Activation in the Acute Phase can Reduce Seizure Severity, but is Detrimental in the Long Term Open
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View article: Case for supporting astrocyte energetics in glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome
Case for supporting astrocyte energetics in glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome Open
In glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1DS), glucose transport into brain is reduced due to impaired Glut1 function in endothelial cells at the blood–brain barrier. This can lead to shortages of glucose in brain and is thought t…
View article: Antidepressant Exposure and DNA Methylation: Insights from a Methylome-Wide Association Study
Antidepressant Exposure and DNA Methylation: Insights from a Methylome-Wide Association Study Open
Importance Understanding antidepressant mechanisms could help design more effective and tolerated treatments. Objective Identify DNA methylation (DNAm) changes associated with antidepressant exposure. Design Case-control methylome-wide ass…
View article: The Benefits of “Spoilt Milk”: Lactic Acid Can Limit Excitability via HCAR1
The Benefits of “Spoilt Milk”: Lactic Acid Can Limit Excitability via HCAR1 Open
Glycolysis Regulates Neuronal Excitability via Lactate Receptor, HCA 1 R Skwarzynska D, Sun H, Williamson J, Kasprzak I, Kapur J. Brain. 2023;146:1888-1902. doi: 10.1093/brain/awac419 Repetitively firing neurons during seizures accelerate …
View article: Brain energy metabolism: A roadmap for future research
Brain energy metabolism: A roadmap for future research Open
Although we have learned much about how the brain fuels its functions over the last decades, there remains much still to discover in an organ that is so complex. This article lays out major gaps in our knowledge of interrelationships betwe…
View article: Transient anticonvulsant effects of time-restricted feeding in the 6-Hz mouse model
Transient anticonvulsant effects of time-restricted feeding in the 6-Hz mouse model Open
Both continuous and 2:5 TRF regimens transiently increased seizure thresholds in the 6-Hz model at around 2 weeks, which coincided with stability of blood glucose levels during the fed and fasted periods. Our findings suggest that the lack…
View article: Metabolic aspects of genetic ion channel epilepsies
Metabolic aspects of genetic ion channel epilepsies Open
Nowadays, particularly in countries with high incomes, individual mutations in people affected by genetic epilepsies are identified, and genetic therapies are being developed. In addition, drugs are being screened to directly target specif…
View article: Potential new roles for glycogen in epilepsy
Potential new roles for glycogen in epilepsy Open
Seizures often originate in epileptogenic foci. Between seizures (interictally), these foci and some of the surrounding tissue often show low signals with 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in many epileptic pat…
View article: Brain glycogen content is increased in the acute and interictal chronic stages of the mouse pilocarpine model of epilepsy
Brain glycogen content is increased in the acute and interictal chronic stages of the mouse pilocarpine model of epilepsy Open
Glucose is the main brain fuel in fed conditions, while astrocytic glycogen is used as supplemental fuel when the brain is stimulated. Brain glycogen levels are decreased shortly after induced seizures in rodents, but little is known about…
View article: Dietary medium chain triglycerides for management of epilepsy: New data from human, dog, and rodent studies
Dietary medium chain triglycerides for management of epilepsy: New data from human, dog, and rodent studies Open
Many studies show that glucose metabolism in epileptic brain areas can be impaired. Energy is crucial to maintain normal brain function, including ion and neurotransmitter balances. Energy deficits can lead to disruption of ion gradients, …
View article: Open‐label long‐term treatment of add‐on triheptanoin in adults with drug‐resistant epilepsy
Open‐label long‐term treatment of add‐on triheptanoin in adults with drug‐resistant epilepsy Open
Objective To investigate feasibility, safety, and tolerability of long‐term (48 weeks) add‐on treatment with triheptanoin (UX007), the triglyceride of heptanoate, in adults with drug‐resistant epilepsy. Methods This extension study was off…
View article: Combined Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Discern Discrete Facets of White Matter Pathology Post-injury in the Rodent Brain
Combined Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Discern Discrete Facets of White Matter Pathology Post-injury in the Rodent Brain Open
Early loss of white matter microstructure integrity is a significant cause of long-term neurological disorders following traumatic brain injury (TBI). White matter abnormalities typically involve axonal loss and demyelination. In-vivo imag…
View article: Triheptanoin alters [U-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>]-glucose incorporation into glycolytic intermediates and increases TCA cycling by normalizing the activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase in a chronic epilepsy mouse model
Triheptanoin alters [U-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>]-glucose incorporation into glycolytic intermediates and increases TCA cycling by normalizing the activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase in a chronic epilepsy mouse model Open
Triheptanoin is anticonvulsant in several seizure models. Here, we investigated changes in glucose metabolism by triheptanoin interictally in the chronic stage of the pilocarpine mouse epilepsy model. After injection of [U- 13 C 6 ]-glucos…
View article: Randomized trial of add‐on triheptanoin vs medium chain triglycerides in adults with refractory epilepsy
Randomized trial of add‐on triheptanoin vs medium chain triglycerides in adults with refractory epilepsy Open
Summary Objective To investigate the feasibility, safety, and tolerability of add‐on treatment of the triglycerides of heptanoate (triheptanoin) vs the triglycerides of octanoate and decanoate (medium chain triglycerides [MCTs] ) in adults…
View article: A companion to the preclinical common data elements for physiologic data in rodent epilepsy models. A report of the <scp>TASK</scp>3 Physiology Working Group of the <scp>ILAE</scp>/<scp>AES</scp> Joint Translational Task Force
A companion to the preclinical common data elements for physiologic data in rodent epilepsy models. A report of the <span>TASK</span>3 Physiology Working Group of the <span>ILAE</span>/<span>AES</span> Joint Translational Task Force Open
Summary The International League Against Epilepsy/American Epilepsy Society ( ILAE / AES ) Joint Translational Task Force created the TASK 3 working groups to create common data elements ( CDE s) for various aspects of preclinical epilepsy…
View article: Impairments in Oxidative Glucose Metabolism in Epilepsy and Metabolic Treatments Thereof
Impairments in Oxidative Glucose Metabolism in Epilepsy and Metabolic Treatments Thereof Open
There is mounting evidence that oxidative glucose metabolism is impaired in epilepsy and recent work has further characterized the metabolic mechanisms involved. In healthy people eating a traditional diet, including carbohydrates, fats an…
View article: Neuronal glucose metabolism is impaired while astrocytic TCA cycling is unaffected at symptomatic stages in the hSOD1<sup>G93A</sup> mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Neuronal glucose metabolism is impaired while astrocytic TCA cycling is unaffected at symptomatic stages in the hSOD1<sup>G93A</sup> mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Open
Although alterations in energy metabolism are known in ALS, the specific mechanisms leading to energy deficit are not understood. We measured metabolite levels derived from injected [1- 13 C]glucose and [1,2- 13 C]acetate (i.p.) in cerebra…
View article: Triheptanoin protects against status epilepticus‐induced hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunctions, oxidative stress and neuronal degeneration
Triheptanoin protects against status epilepticus‐induced hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunctions, oxidative stress and neuronal degeneration Open
Triheptanoin, the triglyceride of heptanoate, is anaplerotic (refills deficient tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates) via the propionyl‐CoA carboxylase pathway. It has been shown to be neuroprotective and anticonvulsant in several models…
View article: Impaired hippocampal glucose metabolism during and after flurothyl‐induced seizures in mice: Reduced phosphorylation coincides with reduced activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase
Impaired hippocampal glucose metabolism during and after flurothyl‐induced seizures in mice: Reduced phosphorylation coincides with reduced activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase Open
Summary Objective To determine changes in glucose metabolism and the enzymes involved in the hippocampus ictally and postictally in the acute mouse flurothyl seizure model. Methods [U‐ 13 C]‐Glucose was injected (i.p.) prior to, or followi…