Kathryn Peebles
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View article: Molnupiravir Use Among Patients with COVID-19 in Real-World Settings: A Systematic Literature Review
Molnupiravir Use Among Patients with COVID-19 in Real-World Settings: A Systematic Literature Review Open
In this SLR study, treatment with MOV was effective in reducing the risk of severe outcomes from COVID-19 caused by Omicron variants, especially for older individuals. Differences in the ages and baseline comorbidities of the MOV-treated a…
View article: Population-based estimates of COVID-19 period prevalence and cumulative monthly incidence in New York City: A comparison of estimates from three surveys, July–August 2020
Population-based estimates of COVID-19 period prevalence and cumulative monthly incidence in New York City: A comparison of estimates from three surveys, July–August 2020 Open
Background Diagnosis-based surveillance of COVID-19 underestimates COVID-19 burden. Questions about COVID-19-consistent symptoms were added to three population-based surveys to obtain representative estimates of COVID-19 period prevalence …
View article: Pfizer-BioNTech Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Effectiveness Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Among Long-term Care Facility Staff With and Without Prior Infection in New York City, January–June 2021
Pfizer-BioNTech Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Effectiveness Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Among Long-term Care Facility Staff With and Without Prior Infection in New York City, January–June 2021 Open
Background Evidence is accumulating of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine effectiveness among persons with prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Methods We evaluated the effect against incid…
View article: Brief Report: Dapivirine Ring HIV-1 Prevention Effectiveness for Women Engaged in Vaginal and Anal Intercourse: Insights From Mathematical Modeling
Brief Report: Dapivirine Ring HIV-1 Prevention Effectiveness for Women Engaged in Vaginal and Anal Intercourse: Insights From Mathematical Modeling Open
Background: The dapivirine vaginal ring reduces the risk of HIV-1 acquisition in acts of vaginal intercourse (VI), and although it does not offer HIV-1 protection in acts of anal intercourse (AI), it may provide some overall risk reduction…
View article: Incremental costs of integrated PrEP provision and effective use counselling in community‐based platforms for adolescent girls and young women in South Africa: an observational study
Incremental costs of integrated PrEP provision and effective use counselling in community‐based platforms for adolescent girls and young women in South Africa: an observational study Open
Introduction Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) are a priority population for pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), a highly effective HIV prevention method. However, effective PrEP use among AGYW has been low. Interventions to support PrE…
View article: Low costs and opportunities for efficiency: a cost analysis of the first year of programmatic PrEP delivery in Kenya’s public sector
Low costs and opportunities for efficiency: a cost analysis of the first year of programmatic PrEP delivery in Kenya’s public sector Open
Background In 2017, the Kenyan Ministry of Health integrated provision of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) into public HIV-1 care clinics as a key component of the national HIV-1 prevention strategy. Estimates of the cost of PrEP provision …
View article: Cost of pre-exposure prophylaxis delivery in family planning clinics to prevent HIV acquisition among adolescent girls and young women in Kisumu, Kenya
Cost of pre-exposure prophylaxis delivery in family planning clinics to prevent HIV acquisition among adolescent girls and young women in Kisumu, Kenya Open
Introduction Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is increasingly being implemented in sub-Saharan Africa. Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Kenya contribute more than half of all new infections among young people aged 15–24 years…
View article: Risk compensation after HIV-1 vaccination may accelerate viral adaptation and reduce cost-effectiveness: a modeling study
Risk compensation after HIV-1 vaccination may accelerate viral adaptation and reduce cost-effectiveness: a modeling study Open
View article: “I Just Decided to Stop:” Understanding PrEP Discontinuation Among Individuals Initiating PrEP in HIV Care Centers in Kenya
“I Just Decided to Stop:” Understanding PrEP Discontinuation Among Individuals Initiating PrEP in HIV Care Centers in Kenya Open
Background: Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) discontinuation rates in clinical trials and demonstration projects have been well characterized; however, little is known about discontinuation in routine public health settings in sub-Saharan Af…
View article: Additional file 2 of Low costs and opportunities for efficiency: a cost analysis of the first year of programmatic PrEP delivery in Kenya’s public sector
Additional file 2 of Low costs and opportunities for efficiency: a cost analysis of the first year of programmatic PrEP delivery in Kenya’s public sector Open
Additional file 2.
View article: Individual and community-level benefits of PrEP in western Kenya and South Africa: Implications for population prioritization of PrEP provision
Individual and community-level benefits of PrEP in western Kenya and South Africa: Implications for population prioritization of PrEP provision Open
Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective in preventing HIV and has the potential to significantly impact the HIV epidemic. Given limited resources for HIV prevention, identifying PrEP provision strategies that maximiz…
View article: Risk compensation after HIV-1 vaccination may accelerate viral adaptation and reduce cost-effectiveness: a modeling study
Risk compensation after HIV-1 vaccination may accelerate viral adaptation and reduce cost-effectiveness: a modeling study Open
Pathogen populations can evolve in response to selective pressure from vaccine-induced immune responses. For HIV, models predict that viral adaptation, either via strain replacement or selection on de novo mutation, may rapidly reduce the …
View article: Age-Specific Risk Scores Do Not Improve HIV-1 Prediction Among Women in South Africa
Age-Specific Risk Scores Do Not Improve HIV-1 Prediction Among Women in South Africa Open
Background: HIV-1 risk scoring tools could help target provision of prevention modalities such as pre-exposure prophylaxis. Recent research suggests that risk scores for women aged 18–45 may not predict risk well among young women aged 18–…
View article: Elevated Risk of Bacterial Vaginosis Among Users of the Copper Intrauterine Device: A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study
Elevated Risk of Bacterial Vaginosis Among Users of the Copper Intrauterine Device: A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study Open
Background Limited evidence suggests that the nonhormonal contraceptive copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD) may increase bacterial vaginosis (BV) risk, possibly due to increased volume and duration of menses, a common side effect of Cu-IUD…
View article: Impact along the HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis “cascade of prevention” in western Kenya: a mathematical modelling study
Impact along the HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis “cascade of prevention” in western Kenya: a mathematical modelling study Open
Introduction Over one hundred implementation studies of HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are completed, underway or planned. We synthesized evidence from these studies to inform mathematical modelling of the prevention cascade for oral …
View article: “<i>I just believe there is a risk</i>” understanding of undetectable equals untransmissible (U = U) among health providers and HIV‐negative partners in serodiscordant relationships in Kenya
“<i>I just believe there is a risk</i>” understanding of undetectable equals untransmissible (U = U) among health providers and HIV‐negative partners in serodiscordant relationships in Kenya Open
Introduction Sustained HIV viral suppression resulting from antiretroviral therapy (ART) eliminates the risk of HIV transmission, a concept popularly framed as Undetectable = Untransmittable (U = U). We explored knowledge and acceptance of…
View article: Large benefits to youth-focused HIV treatment-as-prevention efforts in generalized heterosexual populations: An agent-based simulation model
Large benefits to youth-focused HIV treatment-as-prevention efforts in generalized heterosexual populations: An agent-based simulation model Open
Predominantly heterosexual HIV-1 epidemics like those in sub-Saharan Africa continue to have high HIV incidence in young people. We used a stochastic, agent-based model for age-disparate networks to test the hypothesis that focusing uptake…
View article: Brief Report: Anal Intercourse, HIV-1 Risk, and Efficacy in a Trial of a Dapivirine Vaginal Ring for HIV-1 Prevention
Brief Report: Anal Intercourse, HIV-1 Risk, and Efficacy in a Trial of a Dapivirine Vaginal Ring for HIV-1 Prevention Open
Objectives: To describe receptive anal intercourse (RAI) behaviors and correlates in a cohort of sub-Saharan African women, evaluate the association of RAI with HIV-1 risk, and evaluate whether the HIV-1 prevention efficacy of a dapivirine…
View article: Models to predict the public health impact of vaccine resistance: A systematic review
Models to predict the public health impact of vaccine resistance: A systematic review Open
View article: Cost-effectiveness of HIV Prevention Interventions: Estimates from Real-world Implementation Needed
Cost-effectiveness of HIV Prevention Interventions: Estimates from Real-world Implementation Needed Open
View article: Higher prevalence of viral control in HIV-1-infected women in serodiscordant relationships
Higher prevalence of viral control in HIV-1-infected women in serodiscordant relationships Open
We observed higher prevalence of viral control in FDC compared to FSW in the absence of ART, suggesting potentially higher prevalence of biological HIV resistance factors among discordant couples.
View article: Table of Contents
Table of Contents Open
View article: “That’s probably what my mama’s lungs look like”: how adolescent children react to pictorial warnings on their parents’ cigarette packs
“That’s probably what my mama’s lungs look like”: how adolescent children react to pictorial warnings on their parents’ cigarette packs Open
Conversations about the pictorial warnings may amplify their effectiveness for smokers, their adolescent children, and friends of the adolescent children. Cigarette pack warnings may reach a broad audience that includes adolescent children…
View article: Scale up of PrEP integrated in public health HIV care clinics: a protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster-randomized rollout in Kenya
Scale up of PrEP integrated in public health HIV care clinics: a protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster-randomized rollout in Kenya Open
View article: Relational concurrency, stages of infection, and the evolution of HIV set point viral load
Relational concurrency, stages of infection, and the evolution of HIV set point viral load Open
HIV viral load (VL) predicts both transmission potential and rate of disease progression. For reasons that are still not fully understood, the set point viral load (SPVL) established after acute infection varies across individuals and popu…
View article: HIV population-level adaptation can rapidly diminish the impact of a partially effective vaccine
HIV population-level adaptation can rapidly diminish the impact of a partially effective vaccine Open
These findings suggest that approaches to HIV vaccine development, program implementation, and epidemic modeling may require attention to viral adaptation in response to vaccination.
View article: Agent-based network model predicts strong benefits to youth-centered HIV treatment-as-prevention efforts
Agent-based network model predicts strong benefits to youth-centered HIV treatment-as-prevention efforts Open
We used an agent-based network model to examine the effect of targeting different risk groups with unsuppressed HIV viral load for linkage or re-linkage to HIV-related treatment services in a heterosexual population with annual testing. Ou…
View article: Symptoms during Adolescents’ First Use of Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes: A Pilot Study
Symptoms during Adolescents’ First Use of Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes: A Pilot Study Open
Symptoms adolescents experience during their first time using a cigarette predict their current use, but little is known regarding the symptoms experienced during first e-cigarette use. We conducted a pilot study to understand the symptoms…
View article: HIV population-level adaptation can rapidly diminish the impact of a partially effective vaccine
HIV population-level adaptation can rapidly diminish the impact of a partially effective vaccine Open
Development of an HIV vaccine is essential to ending the HIV/AIDS pandemic. However, vaccines can result in the emergence and spread of vaccine-resistant strains. Indeed, analyses of breakthrough infections in the HIV vaccine trial RV144 i…
View article: Symptoms during Adolescents’ First Use of Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes: A Pilot Study
Symptoms during Adolescents’ First Use of Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes: A Pilot Study Open
Symptoms adolescents experience during their first time using a cigarette predict their current use, but little is known regarding the symptoms experienced during first e-cigarette use. We conducted a pilot study to understand the symptoms…