Katrina G. Millard
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View article: Precise targeting of HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in humans
Precise targeting of HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in humans Open
A protective HIV vaccine will need to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) in humans, but priming rare bnAb precursor B cells has been challenging. In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 1 human clinical trial, the recombi…
View article: Memory B cell development elicited by mRNA booster vaccinations in the elderly
Memory B cell development elicited by mRNA booster vaccinations in the elderly Open
Despite mRNA vaccination, elderly individuals remain especially vulnerable to severe consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we compare the memory B cell responses in a cohort of elderly and younger individuals who received mRNA booste…
View article: Memory B cell responses to Omicron subvariants after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA breakthrough infection in humans
Memory B cell responses to Omicron subvariants after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA breakthrough infection in humans Open
Individuals who receive a third mRNA vaccine dose show enhanced protection against severe COVID-19, but little is known about the impact of breakthrough infections on memory responses. Here, we examine the memory antibodies that develop af…
View article: Memory B cell responses to Omicron subvariants after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA breakthrough infection
Memory B cell responses to Omicron subvariants after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA breakthrough infection Open
Individuals that receive a 3 rd mRNA vaccine dose show enhanced protection against severe COVID19 but little is known about the impact of breakthrough infections on memory responses. Here, we examine the memory antibodies that develop afte…
View article: Antibody feedback regulation of memory B cell development in SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination
Antibody feedback regulation of memory B cell development in SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination Open
Feedback inhibition of humoral immunity by antibodies was initially documented in guinea pigs by Theobald Smith in 1909, who showed that passive administration of excess anti-Diphtheria toxin inhibited immune responses 1 . Subsequent work …
View article: Humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 elicited by combination COVID-19 vaccination regimens
Humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 elicited by combination COVID-19 vaccination regimens Open
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic prompted a global vaccination effort and the development of numerous COVID-19 vaccines at an unprecedented scale and pace. As a result, current COVID-19 vaccination regimens comprise diverse vaccine modalities, immu…
View article: Antibody evolution to SARS-CoV-2 after single-dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine in humans
Antibody evolution to SARS-CoV-2 after single-dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine in humans Open
The single-dose Ad.26.COV.2 (Janssen) vaccine elicits lower levels of neutralizing antibodies and shows more limited efficacy in protection against infection than either of the two available mRNA vaccines. In addition, Ad.26.COV.2 has been…
View article: Humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 elicited by combination COVID-19 vaccination regimens
Humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 elicited by combination COVID-19 vaccination regimens Open
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic prompted a global vaccination effort and the development of numerous COVID-19 vaccines at an unprecedented scale and pace. As a result, current COVID- 19 vaccination regimens comprise diverse vaccine modalities, imm…
View article: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Neutralization After Messenger RNA Vaccination and Variant Breakthrough Infection
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Neutralization After Messenger RNA Vaccination and Variant Breakthrough Infection Open
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants that have greater transmissibility and resistance to neutralizing antibodies has increased the incidence of breakthrough infections. We show that breakthrough infect…
View article: Increased memory B cell potency and breadth after a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA boost
Increased memory B cell potency and breadth after a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA boost Open
The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 infected many vaccinated and convalescent individuals 1–3 . Despite the reduced protection from infection, individuals who received three doses of an mRNA vaccine were highly protected from more serious co…
View article: Prolonged viral suppression with anti-HIV-1 antibody therapy
Prolonged viral suppression with anti-HIV-1 antibody therapy Open
HIV-1 infection remains a public health problem with no cure. Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is effective but requires lifelong drug administration owing to a stable reservoir of latent proviruses integrated into the genome of CD4 + T cells…
View article: Antibody evolution to SARS-CoV-2 after single-dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine
Antibody evolution to SARS-CoV-2 after single-dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine Open
The single dose Ad.26.COV.2 (Janssen) vaccine elicits lower levels of neutralizing antibodies and shows more limited efficacy in protection against infection than either of the available mRNA vaccines. In addition, the Ad.26.COV.2 has been…
View article: Increased Potency and Breadth of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies After a Third mRNA Vaccine Dose
Increased Potency and Breadth of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies After a Third mRNA Vaccine Dose Open
The omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 infected very large numbers of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated and convalescent individuals 1–3 . The penetrance of this variant in the antigen experienced human population can be explained in part by the relatively…
View article: SARS-CoV-2 neutralization after mRNA vaccination and variant breakthrough infection
SARS-CoV-2 neutralization after mRNA vaccination and variant breakthrough infection Open
Vaccination and infection by viral variants are shaping population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 1 and breakthrough infections of vaccinated or previously infected individuals have become common as variants evade preexisting immunity. Omicron (B.…
View article: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain antibody evolution after mRNA vaccination
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain antibody evolution after mRNA vaccination Open
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection produces B cell responses that continue to evolve for at least a year. During that time, memory B cells express increasingly broad and potent antibodies that are resist…
View article: Anti- SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Antibody Evolution after mRNA Vaccination
Anti- SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Antibody Evolution after mRNA Vaccination Open
Summary Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection produces B-cell responses that continue to evolve for at least one year. During that time, memory B cells express increasingly broad and potent antibodies that …
View article: Naturally enhanced neutralizing breadth against SARS-CoV-2 one year after infection
Naturally enhanced neutralizing breadth against SARS-CoV-2 one year after infection Open
More than one year after its inception, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains difficult to control despite the availability of several working vaccin…
View article: Naturally enhanced neutralizing breadth to SARS-CoV-2 after one year
Naturally enhanced neutralizing breadth to SARS-CoV-2 after one year Open
Over one year after its inception, the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains difficult to control despite the availability of several excellent vaccines.…
View article: Development of potency, breadth and resilience to viral escape mutations in SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies
Development of potency, breadth and resilience to viral escape mutations in SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies Open
Summary Antibodies elicited in response to infection undergo somatic mutation in germinal centers that can result in higher affinity for the cognate antigen. To determine the effects of somatic mutation on the properties of SARS-CoV-2 spik…
View article: mRNA vaccine-elicited antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and circulating variants
mRNA vaccine-elicited antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and circulating variants Open
To date severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected over 100 million individuals resulting in over two million deaths. Many vaccines are being deployed to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) including …
View article: Evolution of Antibody Immunity to SARS-CoV-2
Evolution of Antibody Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Open
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected 78 million individuals and is responsible for over 1.7 million deaths to date. Infection is associated with development of variable levels of antibodies with neutral…
View article: Structures of human antibodies bound to SARS-CoV-2 spike reveal common epitopes and recurrent features of antibodies
Structures of human antibodies bound to SARS-CoV-2 spike reveal common epitopes and recurrent features of antibodies Open
Summary Neutralizing antibody responses to coronaviruses focus on the trimeric spike, with most against the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Here we characterized polyclonal IgGs and Fabs from COVID-19 convalescent individuals for recognitio…
View article: Convergent Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Convalescent Individuals
Convergent Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Convalescent Individuals Open
During the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infected millions of people and claimed hundreds of thousands of lives. Virus entry into cells depends on the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S). Although there is no …