Explanipedia

Validation of N-Terminal Pro B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Threshold for Early Detection of Pre-Heart Failure in a General Japanese Population　― Toon Health Study ― Open

Shigehiro Miyazaki, Shinji Inaba, Haruhiko Higashi, Shunsuke Tamaki, Koji Nishimura , et al. · 2025

Even if NT-proBNP levels are below 125 pg/mL, especially when exceeding 52.4 pg/mL, close monitoring may be needed due to the risk of future pre-HF. These findings could support the JHFS's recommendation.

Bilateral Venous Access for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in a Hemodialysis Patient With Cabozantinib-associated Heart Failure Open

Amane Otoi, Akinori Higaki, Noriyoshi Miura, K. Kurokawa, KIMIHIRO YOSHIMOTO , et al. · 2025

This case highlights the utility of bilateral venous access with a tunneling tool in cardiac resynchronization therapy, particularly for patients with hemodialysis shunts.

Cabbage Leaf Epicuticular Wax Deters Female Oviposition and Larval Feeding of Pieris rapae Open

Ichiro Ueno, Taisei Kanedawara, Kazuhide Inoue, Shinichi Watanabe, Hisashi Ômura · 2025

Improved transfection methods of primary cultured astrocytes for observation of cytoskeletal structures Open

Chieko Ikoma, Kazuhide Inoue, Kiyoto Kasai, Satoko Tsukuda, Akiko Tamura , et al. · 2025

Astrocytes are the predominant type of glia in the central nervous system and have long-branched stem processes and perisynaptic/peripheral astrocyte processes (PAPs) contacting neurons and other glial cells. However, a common astrocyte cu…

Safety and Efficacy of Imeglimin for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Patients With Heart Failure Open

Tomoaki Nishikawa, Akinori Higaki, K. Kurokawa, KIMIHIRO YOSHIMOTO, Ryusuke Horie , et al. · 2024

Imeglimin demonstrated safety and efficacy in T2DM in patients with coexisting heart failure.

Macrophages play a leading role in determining the direction of astrocytic migration in spinal cord injury via ADP-P2Y1R axis Open

Gentaro Ono, Kazu Kobayakawa, Hirokazu Saiwai, Tetsuya Tamaru, Hirotaka Iura , et al. · 2023

Macrophages play a leading role in determining the direction of astrocytic migration in spinal cord injury via ADP-P2Y1R axis Open

Gentaro Ono, Kazu Kobayakawa, Hirokazu Saiwai, Tetsuya Tamaru, Hirotaka Iura , et al. · 2023

After spinal cord injury (SCI), inflammatory cells such as macrophages infiltrate the injured area, and astrocytes migrate, forming a glial scar around macrophages. The glial scar inhibits axonal regeneration, resulting in significant perm…

Overview for the study of P2 receptors: From P2 receptor history to neuropathic pain studies Open

Kazuhide Inoue · 2022

Since new roles of nucleotides as neurotransmitters were proposed by Geoffrey Burnstock, the roles of ATP and P2 receptors (P2Rs) have been extensively studied in pain signaling. This review primarily focuses on the history and roles of P2…

The Role of Microglial Purinergic Receptors in Pain Signaling Open

Hidetoshi Tozaki‐Saitoh, Hiroshi Takeda, Kazuhide Inoue · 2022

Pain is an essential modality of sensation in the body. Purinergic signaling plays an important role in nociceptive pain transmission, under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions, and is important for communication between b…

Improvement of the affinity of an anti-rat P2X4 receptor antibody by introducing electrostatic interactions Open

Chinatsu Shinozaki, Keita Kohno, Mitsunori Shiroishi, Daisuke Takahashi, Yu Yoshikawa , et al. · 2022

We have recently developed a mouse monoclonal antibody (12–10H) binding to the head domain region in rat P2X4 receptor (rP2X4R, which is crucial for the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain) expressed on the cell with the highest binding affin…

Pharmacological action of ATP receptors and current status of related drug development Open

Kazuhide Inoue · 2022

近年、さまざまな分野でP2受容体（P2Rs）の重要性が高まっているが、今回は痛みの研究に焦点を当ててお話しする。慢性的な痛みは、末梢組織の炎症や神経損傷の後にしばしば発生する。特に神経障害性疼痛は、臨床的に有効な薬剤がほとんどないため、重大な臨床的問題となっている。そこで、一次求心性ニューロンのP2X3RとP2X2/3R、脊髄ミクログリアのP2X4R、P2X7R、P2Y12Rを介したATPシグナル伝達の慢性疼痛における役割に関して議論する。さらに、多くの発見により、P2Rs…

New Inhibitory Effects of Cilnidipine on Microglial P2X7 Receptors and IL-1β Release: An Involvement in its Alleviating Effect on Neuropathic Pain Open

Tomohiro Yamashita, Sawako Kamikaseda, Aya Tanaka, Hidetoshi Tozaki‐Saitoh, José M. M. Caaveiro , et al. · 2021

P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) belong to a family of ATP-gated non-selective cation channels. Microglia represent a major cell type expressing P2X7Rs. The activation of microglial P2X7Rs causes the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as in…

Overview for the study of P2 Receptors: From P2 Receptor History to Neuropathic Pain Studies Open

Kazuhide Inoue · 2021

Purinergic receptors are nucleoside receptors, adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, B, A3), and nucleotide receptors, P2X and P2Y receptors. Burnstock proposed calling the former the P1 receptor and the latter the P2 receptor(1978), and further s…

Nociceptive signaling of P2X receptors in chronic pain states Open

Kazuhide Inoue · 2020

Biological roles of ATP receptors and microglia: Pharmacologists are essential for drug discovery Open

Kazuhide Inoue · 2020

ミクログリアは中枢神経系での免疫担当細胞、起源として卵黄嚢の未分化マクロファージが源流であるとされている。正常時、ミクログリアは脊髄や脳に均等に存在し、小さな細胞体と長く可動性の突起をもち、それらを頻繁に動かして周辺の環境を監視しているように見える。病態時には、ミクログリアは活性化され、形態を変化させ、分裂増殖し、遺伝子発現の状況に変化を与え、例えばP2プリナージック受容体のような様々な神経伝達物質受容体の遺伝子発現に影響を与える。活性化ミクログリアはいくつかのATP 受容…

A new mechanism for somatosensory information processing by descending noradrenergic pathway via spinal dorsal horn astrocytes Open

Kohei Yoshihara, Yuta Kohro, Tsuyoshi Matsuda, Hidetoshi Tozaki‐Saitoh, Kazuhide Inoue , et al. · 2020

The spinal dorsal horn (SDH) receives somatosensory inputs from the periphery and descending pain modulatory inputs from several brain regions including the locus coeruleus (LC). Recent progress has been made in understanding neuronal circ…

Macrophage centripetal migration drives spontaneous healing process after spinal cord injury Open

Kazu Kobayakawa, Yasuyuki Ohkawa, Shingo Yoshizaki, Tetsuya Tamaru, Takeyuki Saito , et al. · 2019

Migration of macrophages via IRF8 toward a core lesion is important for the spontaneous recovery after spinal cord injury.

Hyperactivation of proprioceptors induces microglia-mediated long-lasting pain in a rat model of chronic fatigue syndrome Open

Masaya Yasui, Yuki Menjyo, Kyohei Tokizane, Akiko Shiozawa, Makoto Tsuda , et al. · 2019

Our results indicate that proprioceptor-induced microglial activation may be a key player in the initiation and maintenance of abnormal pain in patients with CFS.

Evidence for detection of rat P2X4 receptor expressed on cells by generating monoclonal antibodies recognizing the native structure Open

Tatsuhiro Igawa, Shuhei Kishikawa, Yoshito Abe, Tomohiro Yamashita, Saki Nagai , et al. · 2019

Transcription factor MafB contributes to activation of spinal microglia and neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury Open

Hidetoshi Saitoh, Junya Masuda, Sosuke Yoneda, Chinami Kojima, Ryu Kawada , et al. · 2019

Microglia, which are pathological effectors and amplifiers in the central nervous system, undergo various forms of activation. Activation of spinal microglial following peripheral nerve injury (PNI), is a key event for the development of n…

Role of P2X3 receptors in scratching behavior in mouse models Open

Miho Shiratori‐Hayashi, Ayumi Hasegawa, Honami Toyonaga, Tsugunobu Andoh, Takeshi Nakahara , et al. · 2018

A state-of-the-art perspective on microgliopathic pain Open

Kazuhide Inoue · 2018

Acute nociceptive pain is an undesirable feeling but has a physiological significance as a warning system for living organisms. Conversely, chronic pain is lacking physiological significance, but rather represents a confusion of nerve func…

Green Pharma: A New Strategy for Drug Discovery in Academia by Targeting Glial Cells and ATP Receptors Open

Tomohiro Yamashita, Makoto Tsuda, Hidetoshi Tozaki‐Saitoh, Kazuhide Inoue · 2018

Neuropathic pain associated with cancer, diabetic neuropathy, and postherpetic neuralgia is a type of intractable chronic pain characterized by mechanical allodynia and abnormal pain hypersensitivity evoked by innocuous stimuli. However, t…

Temporal Kinetics of Microgliosis in the Spinal Dorsal Horn after Peripheral Nerve Injury in Rodents Open

Keita Kohno, Junko Kitano, Yuta Kohro, Hidetoshi Tozaki‐Saitoh, Kazuhide Inoue , et al. · 2018

Neuropathic pain, a highly debilitating chronic pain following nerve damage, is a reflection of the aberrant functioning of a pathologically altered nervous system. Previous studies have implicated activated microglia in the spinal dorsal …

Top-down descending facilitation of spinal sensory excitatory transmission from the anterior cingulate cortex Open

Tao Chen, Wataru Taniguchi, Qi-Yu Chen, Hidetoshi Tozaki‐Saitoh, Qian Song , et al. · 2018

Astrocytic Ca2+ responses in the spinal dorsal horn by noxious stimuli to the skin Open

Kohei Yoshihara, Tsuyoshi Matsuda, Yuta Kohro, Hidetoshi Tozaki‐Saitoh, Kazuhide Inoue , et al. · 2018

The role of astrocytes in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) for sensory information processing under normal conditions is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether SDH astrocytes respond to noxious and innocuous stimuli to the s…

Rapid and selective inhibition of dorsal horn inhibitory interneurons induces morphine-resistant spontaneous nocifensive behaviors Open

K. Koga, Kensho Kanehisa, Hidetoshi Tozaki‐Saitoh, Kazuhide Inoue, Hidemasa Furue , et al. · 2018

Somatosensory information from the periphery through primary afferents is properly processed and integrated by neuronal circuits in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH). Excitatory and inhibitory SDH interneurons are crucial for this processes. Ho…

Social defeat stress arouse recurrence of pain in ameliorating state Open

Hidetoshi Saitoh, Takuya Hatta, Kazuhide Inoue, Makoto Tsuda · 2018

Background: There are sustained interests among scientists and clinicians in understanding the interactions between stress and nociception. Many experimental studies were focusing on emotional aspect of pain and stress through observation …

Optogenetic Activation of Non-Nociceptive Aβ Fibers Induces Neuropathic Pain-Like Sensory and Emotional Behaviors after Nerve Injury in Rats Open

Ryoichi Tashima, K. Koga, Misuzu Sekine, Kensho Kanehisa, Yuta Kohro , et al. · 2018

Neuropathic pain is caused by peripheral nerve injury (PNI). One hallmark symptom is allodynia (pain caused by normally innocuous stimuli), but its mechanistic underpinning remains elusive. Notably, whether selective stimulation of non-noc…

Optogenetic activation of non-nociceptive Aβ fibers induces neuropathic pain-like sensory and emotional behaviors after nerve injury in rats Open

Ryoichi Tashima, K. Koga, Misuzu Sekine, Kensho Kanehisa, Yuta Kohro , et al. · 2018

Neuropathic pain is caused by peripheral nerve injury (PNI). One hallmark symptom is allodynia (pain caused by normally innocuous stimuli), but its mechanistic underpinning remains elusive. Notably, whether selective stimulation of non-noc…

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