Keith E. Shearwin
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View article: A φSa3int (NM3) Prophage Domestication in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Leads to Increased Virulence Through Human Immune Evasion
A φSa3int (NM3) Prophage Domestication in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Leads to Increased Virulence Through Human Immune Evasion Open
Staphylococcus aureus with varying virulence is often isolated from chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients and impacts disease severity. Prophage‐mediated virulence, particularly encoded by φSa3int (NM3) prophages, which often encodes human…
View article: AMHY and sex determination in egg-laying mammals
AMHY and sex determination in egg-laying mammals Open
Our results provide insight into the early steps of monotreme sex chromosome evolution and sex determination with developmental expression data strongly supporting AMHY as the primary male sex-determination gene of platypus and echidna.
View article: Complete genome sequence of <i>Anaerococcus</i> sp. strain AH8042_DFU013_CI05 isolated from a diabetes-related foot ulcer
Complete genome sequence of <i>Anaerococcus</i> sp. strain AH8042_DFU013_CI05 isolated from a diabetes-related foot ulcer Open
This study presents the complete genome sequence of Anaerococcus sp . strain AH8042_DFU013_CI05, isolated from a diabetes-related foot ulcer at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Adelaide, Australia. The genome comprises a 1,752,963 bp circul…
View article: Structural insights into S-lignin O-demethylation via a rare class of heme peroxygenase enzymes
Structural insights into S-lignin O-demethylation via a rare class of heme peroxygenase enzymes Open
The O-demethylation of lignin aromatics is a rate-limiting step in their bioconversion to higher-value compounds. A recently discovered cytochrome P450, SyoA, demethylates the S-lignin aromatic syringol. In this work, we solve high-resolut…
View article: The S-lignin<i>O</i>-demethylase SyoA: Structural insights into a new class of heme peroxygenase enzymes
The S-lignin<i>O</i>-demethylase SyoA: Structural insights into a new class of heme peroxygenase enzymes Open
The O -demethylation of lignin aromatics is a rate-limiting step in their bioconversion to high-value compounds. A recently discovered cytochrome P450 enzyme SyoA was found to demethylate the sinapyl alcohol-derived (S-lignin) aromatic syr…
View article: AMHY and sex determination in egg-laying mammals
AMHY and sex determination in egg-laying mammals Open
The sex chromosomes of egg-laying mammals (monotremes), which lack the sex determining gene SRY, evolved independently to those of all therian mammals. Here we characterise the candidate monotreme sex determining gene, the Y-localised anti…
View article: When push comes to shove - RNA polymerase and DNA-bound protein roadblocks
When push comes to shove - RNA polymerase and DNA-bound protein roadblocks Open
In recent years, transcriptional roadblocking has emerged as a crucial regulatory mechanism in gene expression, whereby other DNA-bound obstacles can block the progression of transcribing RNA polymerase (RNAP), leading to RNAP pausing and …
View article: Prophage acquisition by<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>contributes to the expansion of Staphylococcal immune evasion
Prophage acquisition by<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>contributes to the expansion of Staphylococcal immune evasion Open
Staphylococcus aureus colonizes 30% of the human population, but only a few clones cause severe infections. S. aureus’ virulence varies and partly depends on the presence of prophages, viral DNA embedded in the S. aureus core genome, such …
View article: <scp>RNA</scp> polymerase efficiently transcribes through <scp>DNA</scp>‐scaffolded, cooperative bacteriophage repressor complexes
<span>RNA</span> polymerase efficiently transcribes through <span>DNA</span>‐scaffolded, cooperative bacteriophage repressor complexes Open
DNA can act as a scaffold for the cooperative binding of protein oligomers. For example, the phage 186 CI repressor forms a wheel of seven dimers wrapped in DNA with specific binding sites, while phage λ CI repressor dimers bind to two wel…
View article: APTC-C-SA01: A Novel Bacteriophage Cocktail Targeting Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA Biofilms
APTC-C-SA01: A Novel Bacteriophage Cocktail Targeting Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA Biofilms Open
The high infection and mortality rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) necessitates the urgent development of new treatment strategies. Bacteriophages (phages) have several advantages compared to antibiotics for the tr…
View article: Efficient <i>O</i>-demethylation of lignin monoaromatics using the peroxygenase activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes
Efficient <i>O</i>-demethylation of lignin monoaromatics using the peroxygenase activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes Open
Selective O -demethylation of the lignin monoaromatics, syringol and guaiacol, using the peroxygenase activity of two distinct cytochrome P450 enzymes.
View article: Prophages encoding human immune evasion cluster genes are enriched in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chronic rhinosinusitis patients with nasal polyps
Prophages encoding human immune evasion cluster genes are enriched in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chronic rhinosinusitis patients with nasal polyps Open
Prophages affect bacterial fitness on multiple levels. These include bacterial infectivity, toxin secretion, virulence regulation, surface modification, immune stimulation and evasion and microbiome competition. Lysogenic conversion arms b…
View article: Transcription disrupts DNA-scaffolded bacteriophage repressor complexes
Transcription disrupts DNA-scaffolded bacteriophage repressor complexes Open
DNA can act as a scaffold for the cooperative binding of protein oligomers. For example, the phage 186 CI repressor forms a wheel of seven dimers wrapped in DNA carrying specific binding sites, while the phage λ CI repressor binds in units…
View article: Analysis of Infection Time Courses Shows CII Levels Determine the Frequency of Lysogeny in Phage 186
Analysis of Infection Time Courses Shows CII Levels Determine the Frequency of Lysogeny in Phage 186 Open
Engineered phage with properties optimised for the treatment of bacterial infections hold great promise, but require careful characterisation by a number of approaches. Phage–bacteria infection time courses, where populations of bacterioph…
View article: Simplified heavy-atom derivatization of protein structures via co-crystallization with the MAD tetragon tetrabromoterephthalic acid
Simplified heavy-atom derivatization of protein structures via co-crystallization with the MAD tetragon tetrabromoterephthalic acid Open
The phase problem is a persistent bottleneck that impedes the structure-determination pipeline and must be solved to obtain atomic resolution crystal structures of macromolecules. Although molecular replacement has become the predominant m…
View article: The loopometer: a quantitative <i>in vivo</i> assay for DNA-looping proteins
The loopometer: a quantitative <i>in vivo</i> assay for DNA-looping proteins Open
Proteins that can bring together separate DNA sites, either on the same or on different DNA molecules, are critical for a variety of DNA-based processes. However, there are no general and technically simple assays to detect proteins capabl…
View article: Derivatization of Protein Crystals with I3C using Random Microseed Matrix Screening
Derivatization of Protein Crystals with I3C using Random Microseed Matrix Screening Open
Protein structure elucidation using X-ray crystallography requires both high quality diffracting crystals and computational solution of the diffraction phase problem. Novel structures that lack a suitable homology model are often derivatiz…
View article: Derivatization of Protein Crystals with I3C using Random Microseed Matrix Screening
Derivatization of Protein Crystals with I3C using Random Microseed Matrix Screening Open
Protein structure elucidation using X-ray crystallography requires both high quality diffracting crystals and computational solution of the diffraction phase problem. Novel structures that lack a suitable homology model are often derivatiz…
View article: Supplementary data S1 | Genome sequences of non-CRS patients
Supplementary data S1 | Genome sequences of non-CRS patients Open
non-CRS (Control) sequences for paper entitled "Prophage Encoded Human Immune Evasion Cluster Genes are Enriched in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients with Nasal Polyps"
View article: Supplementary material for "Prophage Encoded Human Immune Evasion Cluster Genes are Enriched in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients with Nasal Polyps"
Supplementary material for "Prophage Encoded Human Immune Evasion Cluster Genes are Enriched in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients with Nasal Polyps" Open
Supplementary material for "Prophage Encoded Human Immune Evasion Cluster Genes are Enriched in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients with Nasal Polyps"
View article: Supplementary material for Prophage Encoded Human Immune Evasion Cluster Genes are Enriched in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients with Nasal Polyps
Supplementary material for Prophage Encoded Human Immune Evasion Cluster Genes are Enriched in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients with Nasal Polyps Open
Supplementary material for Prophage Encoded Human Immune Evasion Cluster Genes are Enriched in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients with Nasal Polyps
View article: Instability of CII is needed for efficient switching between lytic and lysogenic development in bacteriophage 186
Instability of CII is needed for efficient switching between lytic and lysogenic development in bacteriophage 186 Open
The CII protein of temperate coliphage 186, like the unrelated CII protein of phage λ, is a transcriptional activator that primes expression of the CI immunity repressor and is critical for efficient establishment of lysogeny. 186-CII is a…
View article: A quantitative binding model for the Apl protein, the dual purpose recombination-directionality factor and lysis-lysogeny regulator of bacteriophage 186
A quantitative binding model for the Apl protein, the dual purpose recombination-directionality factor and lysis-lysogeny regulator of bacteriophage 186 Open
The Apl protein of bacteriophage 186 functions both as an excisionase and as a transcriptional regulator; binding to the phage attachment site (att), and also between the major early phage promoters (pR-pL). Like other recombination direct…
View article: Advanced Resistance Studies Identify Two Discrete Mechanisms in Staphylococcus aureus to Overcome Antibacterial Compounds that Target Biotin Protein Ligase
Advanced Resistance Studies Identify Two Discrete Mechanisms in Staphylococcus aureus to Overcome Antibacterial Compounds that Target Biotin Protein Ligase Open
Biotin protein ligase (BPL) inhibitors are a novel class of antibacterial that target clinically important methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In S. aureus, BPL is a bifunctional protein responsible for enzymatic bioti…
View article: A quantitative binding model for the Apl protein, the dual purpose recombination-directionality factor and lysis-lysogeny regulator of bacteriophage 186
A quantitative binding model for the Apl protein, the dual purpose recombination-directionality factor and lysis-lysogeny regulator of bacteriophage 186 Open
The Apl protein of bacteriophage 186 functions both as an excisionase and as a transcriptional regulator; binding to the phage attachment site ( att ), and also between the major early phage promoters (pR-pL). Like other recombination dire…