Keith Stokes
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View article: The Effect of Changing Weekly Contact Training Duration Beyond Current Guidelines on Head Acceleration Events in Rugby Union
The Effect of Changing Weekly Contact Training Duration Beyond Current Guidelines on Head Acceleration Events in Rugby Union Open
Background This study simulated the effect of reducing contact training duration on overall in-season head acceleration event (HAE) exposure within men’s and women’s rugby union. Methods Players ( n = 982) from two professional men’s and t…
View article: The Incidence of Head Acceleration Events During Pitch‐Based Training and Match Play in Professional Men's Rugby League
The Incidence of Head Acceleration Events During Pitch‐Based Training and Match Play in Professional Men's Rugby League Open
This study aimed to describe the incidence of head acceleration events (HAEs) during pitch‐based in‐season training and matches in professional male rugby league. Data were recorded using instrumented mouthguards from 108 players (70 forwa…
View article: Distal-to-proximal progression of apophyseal injuries with age in male youth academy footballers: a two-season prospective cohort study of 16,024 player-seasons
Distal-to-proximal progression of apophyseal injuries with age in male youth academy footballers: a two-season prospective cohort study of 16,024 player-seasons Open
Objectives Youth football players are vulnerable to apophyseal injuries, which can have long-term consequences for health and performance. The objective was to assess the incidence, severity and burden of apophyseal injuries among U9–U21 a…
View article: Selective head-and-neck cooling as a treatment method for concussions in elite male rugby union players: the Clinical Observed Outcomes with Local HEad-and-neck cooling After Diagnosed concussions (COOLHEAD) study protocol
Selective head-and-neck cooling as a treatment method for concussions in elite male rugby union players: the Clinical Observed Outcomes with Local HEad-and-neck cooling After Diagnosed concussions (COOLHEAD) study protocol Open
Sports-related concussions (SRCs) typically occur when the brain is hyperthermic. Acute head-and-neck cooling should, therefore, reduce the brain’s metabolic demands, with the potential to improve recovery following an SRC. Elite ice hocke…
View article: Peak Power: A Severity Measure for Head Acceleration Events Associated with Suspected Concussions
Peak Power: A Severity Measure for Head Acceleration Events Associated with Suspected Concussions Open
Objectives In elite rugby union, suspected concussions lead to immediate removal from play for either permanent exclusion or a temporary 12-min assessment as part of the Head Injury Assessment 1 (HIA1) protocol. The study aims to retrospec…
View article: The effect of lowering the maximum tackle height in English Schoolboy rugby union on tackle characteristics and all-injury and concussion rates
The effect of lowering the maximum tackle height in English Schoolboy rugby union on tackle characteristics and all-injury and concussion rates Open
Following a lowering of the permitted tackle height, tackler and ball carrier tackle techniques changed, without changing the incidence of all injuries or concussions. Further lowering of the tackle height may be explored to invoke the nec…
View article: Head Acceleration Event Exposure During Elite Men’s and Women’s Rugby Union Training
Head Acceleration Event Exposure During Elite Men’s and Women’s Rugby Union Training Open
Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the incidence and magnitude of head acceleration events (HAEs) during elite men’s and women’s rugby union training for different contact training levels and drill types. Method Data were col…
View article: Tackle characteristics associated with concussion in elite men’s rugby union: unpicking the differences between tacklers and ball-carriers
Tackle characteristics associated with concussion in elite men’s rugby union: unpicking the differences between tacklers and ball-carriers Open
Objective To identify characteristics of tackling, of being tackled and interactions between tackle characteristics that are associated with concussion. Methods A case-control study in male professional rugby union players in England over …
View article: Tackle Height and Tackle Success—An Analysis of 52,204 Tackle Events
Tackle Height and Tackle Success—An Analysis of 52,204 Tackle Events Open
To compare the probability of tackle success (the tackler preventing the ball‐carrier and ball from progressing towards the tackler try‐line) when contacting the ball‐carrier at different heights (shoulder, mid‐torso and legs) for differen…
View article: Adolescent female rugby union players’ attitudes, beliefs and behaviours towards injury and injury prevention strategies in England
Adolescent female rugby union players’ attitudes, beliefs and behaviours towards injury and injury prevention strategies in England Open
Background and aims Within adolescent female rugby union, various effective injury prevention strategies are available to players to mitigate injury. However, little is known regarding the players’ attitudes, beliefs and behaviours towards…
View article: Tackle characteristics and suspected concussion: recommendations to improve high school girls’ rugby tackle safety
Tackle characteristics and suspected concussion: recommendations to improve high school girls’ rugby tackle safety Open
Objectives To evaluate the association between tackle characteristics and suspected concussion among Canadian high school girls’ rugby union players. Methods A case–control video-analysis study was used to examine the association between a…
View article: ‘We're All (Cauliflower) Ears’: A Delphi Study Including Staff and Players to Co‐Construct Sports Science and Medicine (Performance and Wellbeing) Research Priorities for Premiership Rugby
‘We're All (Cauliflower) Ears’: A Delphi Study Including Staff and Players to Co‐Construct Sports Science and Medicine (Performance and Wellbeing) Research Priorities for Premiership Rugby Open
Sports invest in research to optimise performance and enhance athlete wellbeing. Involving stakeholders allows research priorities to be determined, maximising the adoption and relevance of research findings. A three‐round modified Delphi …
View article: The ‘Where, What, How and Who’ of Head Accelerations in Rugby Union. Head Acceleration Events From Men's and Women's Northern and Southern Hemisphere Competitions
The ‘Where, What, How and Who’ of Head Accelerations in Rugby Union. Head Acceleration Events From Men's and Women's Northern and Southern Hemisphere Competitions Open
This study aimed to quantify and compare mean head acceleration event (HAE) incidence within and between men's and women's rugby union competitions; quantify the incidence of HAEs during all contact‐events and describe individual player in…
View article: Evaluating the Probability of Head Acceleration Events in Elite Men’s and Women’s Rugby Union Match-Play: The Impact of Tackle Height and Body Position
Evaluating the Probability of Head Acceleration Events in Elite Men’s and Women’s Rugby Union Match-Play: The Impact of Tackle Height and Body Position Open
View article: Spot the Difference? Contact Event Frequency During > 30,000 Women’s and Men’s Rugby Union Player Matches Across Top Domestic and International Competitions
Spot the Difference? Contact Event Frequency During > 30,000 Women’s and Men’s Rugby Union Player Matches Across Top Domestic and International Competitions Open
This study aimed to quantify the frequency of individual and team contact events during rugby union match play in top domestic and international men’s and women’s competitions. Analyst‐coded player individual and team contact event types (…
View article: Shoulder and knee surgery double odds of osteoarthritis in retired professional rugby players
Shoulder and knee surgery double odds of osteoarthritis in retired professional rugby players Open
Clinical shoulder and knee osteoarthritis is a common medical condition among retired professional rugby players. Long-term consequences should be considered when managing shoulder and knee injuries during professional rugby players' caree…
View article: Longitudinal study of five seasons of upper limb injuries in training and matches in elite female rugby union at club and national team level
Longitudinal study of five seasons of upper limb injuries in training and matches in elite female rugby union at club and national team level Open
Background Data on upper limb injuries in elite female rugby athletes are limited. This study aims to describe the incidence, severity and burden of upper limb injuries over five seasons in elite women’s rugby at both the club and internat…
View article: Contact-events and associated head acceleration events in semi-elite women’s rugby union: A competition-wide instrumented mouthguard study
Contact-events and associated head acceleration events in semi-elite women’s rugby union: A competition-wide instrumented mouthguard study Open
This study aimed to quantify contact-events and associated head acceleration event (HAE) probabilities in semi-elite women's rugby union. Instrumented mouthguards (iMGs) were worn by players competing in the 2023 Farah Palmer Cup season (1…
View article: Correction: Optimising Instrumented Mouthguard Data Analysis: Video Synchronisation Using a Cross-correlation Approach
Correction: Optimising Instrumented Mouthguard Data Analysis: Video Synchronisation Using a Cross-correlation Approach Open
View article: P-1378. Linezolid For Early Syphilis Treatment: Pilot study
P-1378. Linezolid For Early Syphilis Treatment: Pilot study Open
Background Syphilis rates have been increasing. At the same time, important shortages of benzathine penicillin G have been reported. Existing alternatives, doxycycline, tetracycline, and azithromycin are inadequate to treat syphilis in all…
View article: Optimising Instrumented Mouthguard Data Analysis: Video Synchronisation Using a Cross-correlation Approach
Optimising Instrumented Mouthguard Data Analysis: Video Synchronisation Using a Cross-correlation Approach Open
Purpose Head acceleration events (HAEs) are a growing concern in contact sports, prompting two rugby governing bodies to mandate instrumented mouthguards (iMGs). This has resulted in an influx of data imposing financial and time constraint…
View article: The financial cost of injuries and their association with team success in professional men's cricket
The financial cost of injuries and their association with team success in professional men's cricket Open
These data support the implementation of effective injury prevention measures for lumbar spine, hand and knee injuries to reduce injury rates and subsequent costs. Highlighting the financial and team performance costs of injuries may help …
View article: Concussion knowledge and attitude of English youth rugby players: the RUCKAS-YOUTH survey
Concussion knowledge and attitude of English youth rugby players: the RUCKAS-YOUTH survey Open
Objective This cross-sectional study describes the concussion knowledge and attitudes of male and female 14–18 year-old school rugby union players in England. Methods Data from 515 (male 421, female 94) players from 19 schools were collect…
View article: Head Kinematics Associated with Off-Field Head Injury Assessment (HIA1) Events in a Season of English Elite-Level Club Men’s and Women’s Rugby Union Matches
Head Kinematics Associated with Off-Field Head Injury Assessment (HIA1) Events in a Season of English Elite-Level Club Men’s and Women’s Rugby Union Matches Open
View article: ‘Mind your head’, tackle characteristics associated with concussions in rugby league: A case-control study
‘Mind your head’, tackle characteristics associated with concussions in rugby league: A case-control study Open
Concussion prevention strategies should aim to reduce head impacts by deterring initial contact with the ball-carrier's head/neck. Tackle technique should prioritise making initial impact with the torso and avoid the head being in front of…
View article: Twenty year analysis of professional men’s rugby union knee injuries from the English premiership shows high rates and burden
Twenty year analysis of professional men’s rugby union knee injuries from the English premiership shows high rates and burden Open
Objectives To determine the rates, severity and burden of knee injuries in professional male rugby union from the English Premiership. Methods Injury and exposure data were captured over 20 seasons using a prospective cohort design. Knee i…
View article: Identifying a severity measure for head acceleration events associated with suspected concussions
Identifying a severity measure for head acceleration events associated with suspected concussions Open
Objectives: To identify a head acceleration event (HAE) severity measure associated with HIA1 removals in elite level rugby union. Methods: HAEs were recorded from 215 men and 325 women with 30 and 28 HIA1 removals from men and women, resp…
View article: Artistic gymnastics-specific extension of the IOC 2020 consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport
Artistic gymnastics-specific extension of the IOC 2020 consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport Open
The incidence of injuries reported in artistic gymnastics varies greatly. This is partly due to inconsistencies in defining and reporting injuries in artistic gymnastics. The objective was to develop consistent definitions and methodology …
View article: Training and Match‐Related Head Acceleration Events in Top Level Domestic Senior Women's and Men's Rugby Union: A Multi‐League Instrumented Mouthguard Study
Training and Match‐Related Head Acceleration Events in Top Level Domestic Senior Women's and Men's Rugby Union: A Multi‐League Instrumented Mouthguard Study Open
The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in head acceleration event (HAE) incidence between training and match‐play in women's and men's players competing at the highest level of domestic rugby union globally. Players from W…
View article: Player and match characteristics associated with head acceleration events in elite-level men’s and women’s rugby union matches
Player and match characteristics associated with head acceleration events in elite-level men’s and women’s rugby union matches Open
Objective To examine the likelihood of head acceleration events (HAEs) as a function of previously identified risk factors: match time, player status (starter or substitute) and pitch location in elite-level men’s and women’s rugby union m…