Keman Xu
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View article: Molecular basis for the activation of the bitter taste receptor TAS2R14 by Ritonavir
Molecular basis for the activation of the bitter taste receptor TAS2R14 by Ritonavir Open
Ritonavir is a protease inhibitor used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs to treat HIV, especially in children. It enhances the effectiveness of these drugs by inhibiting the cytochrome P450-3A4 enzyme, thereby increasing their…
View article: Organelle stresses and energetic metabolisms promote endothelial–to–mesenchymal transition and fibrosis via upregulating FOSB and MEOX1 in Alzheimer’s disease
Organelle stresses and energetic metabolisms promote endothelial–to–mesenchymal transition and fibrosis via upregulating FOSB and MEOX1 in Alzheimer’s disease Open
Introduction Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), cell death, and fibrosis are increasingly recognized as contributing factors to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, but the underlying transcriptomic mechanisms remain poorly def…
View article: A comprehensive analysis of immune checkpoint receptor–ligand pairs in aortic diseases highlights the immunosuppressive roles of CD155 and CD274
A comprehensive analysis of immune checkpoint receptor–ligand pairs in aortic diseases highlights the immunosuppressive roles of CD155 and CD274 Open
View article: Uremic toxin receptor NR1H3 contributes to hyperlipidemia- and chronic kidney disease-accelerated vascular inflammation, which is partially suppressed by novel YBX2 anti-ROS pathway
Uremic toxin receptor NR1H3 contributes to hyperlipidemia- and chronic kidney disease-accelerated vascular inflammation, which is partially suppressed by novel YBX2 anti-ROS pathway Open
Hyperlipidemia and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are well-established risk factors for cardiovascular disease and act synergistically to promote vascular inflammation and disease progression. However, the mechanisms underlying this synerget…
View article: Uremic Toxin Receptor Nr1h3 Contributes to Hyperlipidemia- and Chronic Kidney Disease- Accelerated Vascular Inflammation, Which is Partially Suppressed by Novel Ybx2 Anti-Ros Pathway
Uremic Toxin Receptor Nr1h3 Contributes to Hyperlipidemia- and Chronic Kidney Disease- Accelerated Vascular Inflammation, Which is Partially Suppressed by Novel Ybx2 Anti-Ros Pathway Open
View article: Perspective: Pathological transdifferentiation—a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases and chronic inflammation
Perspective: Pathological transdifferentiation—a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases and chronic inflammation Open
Pathological transdifferentiation, where differentiated cells aberrantly transform into other cell types that exacerbate disease rather than promote healing, represents a novel and significant concept. This perspective discusses its role a…
View article: Immune Checkpoints Are New Therapeutic Targets in Regulating Cardio-, and Cerebro-Vascular Diseases and CD4+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cell Immunosuppression
Immune Checkpoints Are New Therapeutic Targets in Regulating Cardio-, and Cerebro-Vascular Diseases and CD4+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cell Immunosuppression Open
Review Immune Checkpoints Are New Therapeutic Targets in Regulating Cardio-, and Cerebro-Vascular Diseases and CD4+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cell Immunosuppression Ying Shao 1,2,†, William Y. Yang 1,†, Gayani Nanayakkara 3,†, Fatma Saaoud 1,†, M…
View article: A new paradigm in intracellular immunology: Mitochondria emerging as leading immune organelles
A new paradigm in intracellular immunology: Mitochondria emerging as leading immune organelles Open
View article: Caspase-4/11 promotes hyperlipidemia and chronic kidney disease-accelerated vascular inflammation by enhancing trained immunity
Caspase-4/11 promotes hyperlipidemia and chronic kidney disease-accelerated vascular inflammation by enhancing trained immunity Open
To determine whether hyperlipidemia and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a synergy in accelerating vascular inflammation via trained immunity (TI), we performed aortic pathological analysis and RNA-Seq of high-fat diet-fed (HFD-fed) 5/6 n…
View article: Editorial: Sex differences and cardiovascular therapeutics
Editorial: Sex differences and cardiovascular therapeutics Open
EDITORIAL article Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 20 May 2024Sec. Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Volume 11 - 2024 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2024.1420293
View article: Protein-rich foods, sea foods, and gut microbiota amplify immune responses in chronic diseases and cancers – Targeting PERK as a novel therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer
Protein-rich foods, sea foods, and gut microbiota amplify immune responses in chronic diseases and cancers – Targeting PERK as a novel therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer Open
View article: Innate immunity of vascular smooth muscle cells contributes to two-wave inflammation in atherosclerosis, twin-peak inflammation in aortic aneurysms and trans-differentiation potential into 25 cell types
Innate immunity of vascular smooth muscle cells contributes to two-wave inflammation in atherosclerosis, twin-peak inflammation in aortic aneurysms and trans-differentiation potential into 25 cell types Open
Introduction Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the predominant cell type in the medial layer of the aorta, which plays a critical role in aortic diseases. Innate immunity is the main driving force for cardiovascular diseases. Method…
View article: Editorial: Debates in cardiovascular pharmacology and drug discovery: 2022
Editorial: Debates in cardiovascular pharmacology and drug discovery: 2022 Open
EDITORIAL article Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 18 October 2023Sec. Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Volume 10 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2023.1304680
View article: ER stress mediates Angiotensin II-augmented innate immunity memory and facilitates distinct susceptibilities of thoracic from abdominal aorta to aneurysm development
ER stress mediates Angiotensin II-augmented innate immunity memory and facilitates distinct susceptibilities of thoracic from abdominal aorta to aneurysm development Open
To determine the roles of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and trained immunity, we performed transcriptome analyses on the thoracic aorta (TA) and abdominal aorta (AA) from the angiotensin II (Ang II)-HFD-ApoE-KO aneurysm model and made …
View article: Early hyperlipidemia triggers metabolomic reprogramming with increased SAH, increased acetyl-CoA-cholesterol synthesis, and decreased glycolysis
Early hyperlipidemia triggers metabolomic reprogramming with increased SAH, increased acetyl-CoA-cholesterol synthesis, and decreased glycolysis Open
To identify metabolomic reprogramming in early hyperlipidemia, unbiased metabolome was screened in four tissues from ApoE-/- mice fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 3 weeks. 30, 122, 67, and 97 metabolites in the aorta, heart, liv…
View article: Chronic Kidney Disease Transdifferentiates Veins into a Specialized Immune–Endocrine Organ with Increased MYCN-AP1 Signaling
Chronic Kidney Disease Transdifferentiates Veins into a Specialized Immune–Endocrine Organ with Increased MYCN-AP1 Signaling Open
Most patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) choose hemodialysis as their treatment of choice. Thus, upper-extremity veins provide a functioning arteriovenous access to reduce dependence on ce…
View article: Editorial: Insights in cardiovascular therapeutics 2022—cardiovascular innate immunity
Editorial: Insights in cardiovascular therapeutics 2022—cardiovascular innate immunity Open
EDITORIAL article Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 18 April 2023Sec. Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Medicine Volume 10 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2023.1184030
View article: Caspase-11 promotes high-fat diet-induced NAFLD by increasing glycolysis, OXPHOS, and pyroptosis in macrophages
Caspase-11 promotes high-fat diet-induced NAFLD by increasing glycolysis, OXPHOS, and pyroptosis in macrophages Open
Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a global prevalence of 25% of the population and is a leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis (non-alcoholic fatty liver) to non…
View article: Anti-HIV drugs lopinavir/ritonavir activate bitter taste receptors
Anti-HIV drugs lopinavir/ritonavir activate bitter taste receptors Open
Lopinavir and ritonavir (LPV/r) are the primary anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drugs recommended by the World Health Organization for treating children aged 3 years and above who are infected with the HIV. These drugs are typicall…
View article: Early Hyperlipidemia Triggers Metabolomic Reprogramming with Increased Sah, Increased Acetyl-Coa-Cholesterol Synthesis, and Decreased Glycolysis
Early Hyperlipidemia Triggers Metabolomic Reprogramming with Increased Sah, Increased Acetyl-Coa-Cholesterol Synthesis, and Decreased Glycolysis Open
View article: Protein-Rich Foods, Sea Foods, and Gut Microbiota Amplify Immune Responses in Chronic Diseases and Cancers – Targeting Perk as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer
Protein-Rich Foods, Sea Foods, and Gut Microbiota Amplify Immune Responses in Chronic Diseases and Cancers – Targeting Perk as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer Open
View article: Aorta- and liver-generated TMAO enhances trained immunity for increased inflammation via ER stress/mitochondrial ROS/glycolysis pathways
Aorta- and liver-generated TMAO enhances trained immunity for increased inflammation via ER stress/mitochondrial ROS/glycolysis pathways Open
We determined whether gut microbiota-produced trimethylamine (TMA) is oxidized into trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in nonliver tissues and whether TMAO promotes inflammation via trained immunity (TI). We found that endoplasmic reticulum (ER…
View article: Editorial: Endothelial cells as innate immune cells
Editorial: Endothelial cells as innate immune cells Open
EDITORIAL article Front. Immunol., 04 October 2022Sec. Molecular Innate Immunity Volume 13 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1035497
View article: Cigarette Smoke and Morphine Promote Treg Plasticity to Th17 via Enhancing Trained Immunity
Cigarette Smoke and Morphine Promote Treg Plasticity to Th17 via Enhancing Trained Immunity Open
CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) respond to environmental cues to permit or suppress inflammation, and atherosclerosis weakens Treg suppression and promotes plasticity. However, the effects of smoking plus morphine (SM + M) on Treg plastici…
View article: Editorial: Insights in cardiovascular therapeutics: 2021 – cell death, cardiovascular injuries, and novel targets of cardiovascular therapeutics
Editorial: Insights in cardiovascular therapeutics: 2021 – cell death, cardiovascular injuries, and novel targets of cardiovascular therapeutics Open
With the effort and support of the authors, editorial office, and editorial team, the Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Therapeutics Section-Research Topic “Insights in Cardiovascular Therapeutics: 2021” has achieved gre…
View article: A novel small-molecule selective activator of homomeric GIRK4 channels
A novel small-molecule selective activator of homomeric GIRK4 channels Open
View article: Chronic Exposure to the Combination of Cigarette Smoke and Morphine Decreases CD4+ Regulatory T Cell Numbers by Reprogramming the Treg Cell Transcriptome
Chronic Exposure to the Combination of Cigarette Smoke and Morphine Decreases CD4+ Regulatory T Cell Numbers by Reprogramming the Treg Cell Transcriptome Open
There is a high incidence of tobacco use among intravenous opioid drug users. It is well established that opioids and tobacco smoke induce a degree of immune activation, and recent work suggests that the combination of these drugs promotes…
View article: Aorta in Pathologies May Function as an Immune Organ by Upregulating Secretomes for Immune and Vascular Cell Activation, Differentiation and Trans-Differentiation—Early Secretomes may Serve as Drivers for Trained Immunity
Aorta in Pathologies May Function as an Immune Organ by Upregulating Secretomes for Immune and Vascular Cell Activation, Differentiation and Trans-Differentiation—Early Secretomes may Serve as Drivers for Trained Immunity Open
To determine whether aorta becomes immune organ in pathologies, we performed transcriptomic analyses of six types of secretomic genes (SGs) in aorta and vascular cells and made the following findings: 1) 53.7% out of 21,306 human protein g…
View article: 29 m6A-RNA Methylation (Epitranscriptomic) Regulators Are Regulated in 41 Diseases including Atherosclerosis and Tumors Potentially via ROS Regulation – 102 Transcriptomic Dataset Analyses
29 m6A-RNA Methylation (Epitranscriptomic) Regulators Are Regulated in 41 Diseases including Atherosclerosis and Tumors Potentially via ROS Regulation – 102 Transcriptomic Dataset Analyses Open
We performed a database mining on 102 transcriptomic datasets for the expressions of 29 m6A-RNA methylation (epitranscriptomic) regulators (m6A-RMRs) in 41 diseases and cancers and made significant findings: (1) a few m6A-RMRs were upregul…
View article: Monocyte Adhesion Assays for Detecting Endothelial Cell Activation in Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis
Monocyte Adhesion Assays for Detecting Endothelial Cell Activation in Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis Open