Kimberly Workowski
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View article: Evaluation of HIV-1 reservoir size and broadly neutralizing antibody susceptibility in acute antiretroviral therapy-treated individuals
Evaluation of HIV-1 reservoir size and broadly neutralizing antibody susceptibility in acute antiretroviral therapy-treated individuals Open
OBJECTIVE: Persistence of the viral reservoir is the main barrier to curing HIV. Initiation of ART during acute HIV infection can limit the size and diversity of the reservoir. In depth characterization of the reservoir in individuals who …
View article: A <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> -associated mycotic aneurysm months after treated bacteremia
A <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> -associated mycotic aneurysm months after treated bacteremia Open
Background Invasive nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) infections increased dramatically in the Atlanta area in 2017–2018. Most isolates from these infections belonged to two closely related genetic lineages and were likely being sp…
View article: Long-term metabolic changes with bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide or dolutegravir-containing regimens for HIV
Long-term metabolic changes with bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide or dolutegravir-containing regimens for HIV Open
Background To evaluate long-term changes in weight and metabolic parameters in people with HIV-1 (PWH) initiating first-line antiretroviral therapy. Methods Analysis of two Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled trials (1489:…
View article: Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction After Benzathine Penicillin G Treatment in Adults With Early Syphilis
Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction After Benzathine Penicillin G Treatment in Adults With Early Syphilis Open
Importance Syphilis rates have been increasing in the US for the past decade. The incidence of the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR) after penicillin treatment for early syphilis is reported to range from 8% to 56%. Objectives To prospecti…
View article: Reported Neurologic Manifestations Among Persons With Syphilis by Stage of Infection—12 States, 2019–2022
Reported Neurologic Manifestations Among Persons With Syphilis by Stage of Infection—12 States, 2019–2022 Open
National case-based surveillance data show that reported neurologic manifestations of syphilis increased during 2019–2022 among persons with early and late-stage syphilis. Neurologic manifestations occurred across demographic groups and am…
View article: Molecular investigation of <i>Treponema pallidum</i> strains associated with ocular syphilis in the United States, 2016–2020
Molecular investigation of <i>Treponema pallidum</i> strains associated with ocular syphilis in the United States, 2016–2020 Open
Ocular syphilis is a serious complication of Treponema pallidum infection that can occur at any stage of syphilis and affect any eye structure. It remains unknown if certain T. pallidum strains are associated with ocular infections; theref…
View article: US Food and Drug Administration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institutes of Health Co-Sponsored Public Workshop Summary—Development Considerations of Antimicrobial Drugs for the Treatment of Gonorrhea
US Food and Drug Administration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institutes of Health Co-Sponsored Public Workshop Summary—Development Considerations of Antimicrobial Drugs for the Treatment of Gonorrhea Open
There is an unmet need for developing drugs for the treatment of gonorrhea due to rapidly evolving resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae against antimicrobial drugs used for empiric therapy, an increase in globally reported multidrug-resista…
View article: Sexually Transmitted Infection/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (STI/HIV) Testing, STIs, and HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Men Who Have Sex With Men and Women in the United States, 2019–2022
Sexually Transmitted Infection/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (STI/HIV) Testing, STIs, and HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Men Who Have Sex With Men and Women in the United States, 2019–2022 Open
Background Routine sexually transmitted infection and human immunodeficiency virus (STI/HIV) testing and HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use are recommended for men who have sex with men (MSM) at increased risk of HIV. Methods Using He…
View article: CDC Clinical Guidelines on the Use of Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention, United States, 2024
CDC Clinical Guidelines on the Use of Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention, United States, 2024 Open
No vaccines and few chemoprophylaxis options exist for the prevention of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (specifically syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea). These infections have increased in the United States and dispropor…
View article: Urgent Need to Understand and Prevent Gonococcal Infection: From the Laboratory to Real-World Context
Urgent Need to Understand and Prevent Gonococcal Infection: From the Laboratory to Real-World Context Open
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is widespread globally. Primary prevention is unsuccessful and antimicrobial resistance threatens optimal management. There is no specific vaccine and natural infection studies show that N gonorrhoeae can avoid and su…
View article: Syphilis Complicating Pregnancy and Congenital Syphilis
Syphilis Complicating Pregnancy and Congenital Syphilis Open
The effect of untreated syphilis on maternal and neonatal health outcomes is profound. This review discusses the manifestations and effects of syphilis during pregnancy and mother-to-child transmission.
View article: Early Tecovirimat Treatment for Mpox Disease Among People With HIV
Early Tecovirimat Treatment for Mpox Disease Among People With HIV Open
Importance Despite a lack of effectiveness data in humans, tecovirimat was widely prescribed to people with HIV (PWH) with mpox during the 2022 mpox epidemic, particularly PWH with low CD4 + T-cell counts or severe mpox clinical manifestat…
View article: Prevalence and Predictors of Oral <i>Treponema pallidum</i> Detection by Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction in Early Syphilis
Prevalence and Predictors of Oral <i>Treponema pallidum</i> Detection by Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction in Early Syphilis Open
Background Treponema pallidum prevalence and burden at oral and lesion sites in adults with early syphilis were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Factors associated with oral shedding were also examined. Methods Pr…
View article: Decreases in markers of monocyte/macrophage activation after hepatitis C eradication in HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfected women
Decreases in markers of monocyte/macrophage activation after hepatitis C eradication in HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfected women Open
Objective:Eradication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in HIV disease decreases liver and non-liver-related morbidity and mortality. Elevated markers of monocyte/macrophage activation (soluble CD163 and sCD14) are associated with excess non-AIDS…
View article: 2889. One vs Three Weekly Doses of Benzathine Penicillin G for Treatment of Early Syphilis in Persons with and without HIV: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)
2889. One vs Three Weekly Doses of Benzathine Penicillin G for Treatment of Early Syphilis in Persons with and without HIV: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) Open
Background Syphilis rates in the United Stated (U.S.) have increased steadily for over a decade. Despite over 75 years as the drug of choice for syphilis treatment, controversy persists on optimal duration of therapy with benzathine penici…
View article: Associations Between HIV and Severe Mpox in an Atlanta Cohort
Associations Between HIV and Severe Mpox in an Atlanta Cohort Open
Background In the Southeastern United States, the 2022 mpox outbreak disproportionately impacted people who are black and people with HIV (PWH). Methods We analyzed a cohort of 395 individuals diagnosed with mpox across 3 health care syste…
View article: Health Insurance and Initiation of Direct-Acting Antivirals for Hepatitis C in US Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Health Insurance and Initiation of Direct-Acting Antivirals for Hepatitis C in US Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Open
Background Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is well tolerated, cost-effective, and yields high sustained virologic response rates, yet it has remained financially inaccessible to many patients. Methods Part…
View article: Otosyphilis
Otosyphilis Open
Otosyphilis can be challenging to diagnose, but, if left unrecognized, it may cause irreversible damage. An immunologic interplay between syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) makes coinfection likely and may predispose people wi…
View article: LB1576. High Prevalence of Oral <i>Treponema pallidum</i> by PCR among US Adults with Early Syphilis
LB1576. High Prevalence of Oral <i>Treponema pallidum</i> by PCR among US Adults with Early Syphilis Open
Background Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum) is transmitted from person to person by direct contact with widespread dissemination early after acquisition. Current syphilis diagnostic testing is limited to darkfield microscopy from visible l…
View article: Selective Whole-Genome Amplification as a Tool to Enrich Specimens with Low Treponema pallidum Genomic DNA Copies for Whole-Genome Sequencing
Selective Whole-Genome Amplification as a Tool to Enrich Specimens with Low Treponema pallidum Genomic DNA Copies for Whole-Genome Sequencing Open
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted, disseminated acute and chronic infection caused by the bacterial pathogen Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum . Primary syphilis typically presents as single or multiple mucocutaneous lesions and, if …
View article: Diagnosis and Management of<i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i>: Summary of Evidence Reviewed for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines
Diagnosis and Management of<i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i>: Summary of Evidence Reviewed for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines Open
Trichomonas vaginalis is likely the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection, affecting an estimated 3.7 million women and men in the United States. Health disparities are prominent in the epidemiology of trichomoniasis, as A…
View article: Surveillance for Disseminated Gonococcal Infections, Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs)—United States, 2015–2019
Surveillance for Disseminated Gonococcal Infections, Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs)—United States, 2015–2019 Open
Background Disseminated gonococcal infections (DGIs) are thought to be uncommon; surveillance is limited, and case reports are analyzed retrospectively or in case clusters. We describe the population-level burden of culture-confirmed DGIs …
View article: 69. Incidence of metabolic complications among treatment-naïve adults living with HIV-1 randomized to B/F/TAF, DTG/ABC/3TC or DTG+F/TAF after 144 Weeks
69. Incidence of metabolic complications among treatment-naïve adults living with HIV-1 randomized to B/F/TAF, DTG/ABC/3TC or DTG+F/TAF after 144 Weeks Open
Background Metabolic comorbidities including diabetes (DM) and dyslipidemia pose challenges to the long-term care of people with HIV (PWH). Incidence of cardiovascular disease and DM are reported at higher rates in PWH than the general pop…
View article: Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021
Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 Open
These guidelines for the treatment of persons who have or are at risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were updated by CDC after consultation with professionals knowledgeable in the field of STIs who met in Atlanta, Georgia, June…
View article: Selective whole genome amplification as a tool to enrich specimens with low<i>Treponema pallidum</i>genomic DNA copies for whole genome sequencing
Selective whole genome amplification as a tool to enrich specimens with low<i>Treponema pallidum</i>genomic DNA copies for whole genome sequencing Open
Downstream next generation sequencing (NGS) of the syphilis spirochete Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum ( T. pallidum ) is hindered by low bacterial loads and the overwhelming presence of background metagenomic DNA in clinical specim…
View article: O07.3 Molecular investigation of Treponema pallidum strains associated with ocular syphilis in the United States
O07.3 Molecular investigation of Treponema pallidum strains associated with ocular syphilis in the United States Open
Background Ocular syphilis cases continue to be identified in the United States since two clusters were reported in late 2014 into early 2015. Ocular syphilis (OS) is an inflammatory eye condition that can occur at any stage of syphilis wi…
View article: Decreases in markers of monocyte/macrophage activation after hepatitis C eradication in HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfected women
Decreases in markers of monocyte/macrophage activation after hepatitis C eradication in HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfected women Open
Objective: Eradication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in HIV disease decreases liver and non-liver-related morbidity and mortality. Elevated markers of monocyte/macrophage activation (soluble CD163 and sCD14) are associated with excess non-AID…