James Kirk
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View article: Stacking transmission spectra of different exoplanets
Stacking transmission spectra of different exoplanets Open
In many areas of astronomy, spectra of different objects are co-added or stacked to improve signal-to-noise and reveal population-level characteristics. As the number of exoplanets with measured transmission spectra grows, it becomes impor…
View article: Testing the performance of cross-correlation techniques to search for molecular features in <i>JWST</i> NIRSpec G395H observations of transiting exoplanets
Testing the performance of cross-correlation techniques to search for molecular features in <i>JWST</i> NIRSpec G395H observations of transiting exoplanets Open
Cross-correlations techniques offer an alternative method to search for molecular species in James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations of exoplanet atmospheres. In a previous article, we applied cross-correlation functions for the fir…
View article: BOWIE-ALIGN: Weak spectral features in KELT-7b’s JWST NIRSpec/G395H transmission spectrum imply a high cloud deck or a low-metallicity atmosphere
BOWIE-ALIGN: Weak spectral features in KELT-7b’s JWST NIRSpec/G395H transmission spectrum imply a high cloud deck or a low-metallicity atmosphere Open
Hot Jupiters and their atmospheres are prime targets for transmission spectroscopy due to their extended atmospheres and the corresponding large signal-to-noise, providing the best possible constraints for the atmospheric carbon-to-oxygen …
View article: BOWIE-ALIGN: Weak spectral features in KELT-7b's JWST NIRSpec/G395H transmission spectrum imply a high cloud deck or a low-metallicity atmosphere
BOWIE-ALIGN: Weak spectral features in KELT-7b's JWST NIRSpec/G395H transmission spectrum imply a high cloud deck or a low-metallicity atmosphere Open
Hot Jupiters and their atmospheres are prime targets for transmission spectroscopy due to their extended atmospheres and the corresponding large signal-to-noise, providing the best possible constraints for the atmospheric carbon-to-oxygen …
View article: Additional JWST/NIRSpec Transits of the Rocky M Dwarf Exoplanet GJ 1132 b Reveal a Featureless Spectrum
Additional JWST/NIRSpec Transits of the Rocky M Dwarf Exoplanet GJ 1132 b Reveal a Featureless Spectrum Open
As an archetypal M-dwarf rocky exoplanet, GJ 1132 b has a varied history of atmospheric measurements. At 1.13 R ⊕ , 1.66 M ⊕ , and 580 K, it orbits a bright, slowly rotating M dwarf in a 1.6 day period, making it a prime target for charact…
View article: Searching for Helium Escape and a Low-density Atmosphere Around the 120 Myr Old Sub-Neptune HIP94235b Using CRIRES+
Searching for Helium Escape and a Low-density Atmosphere Around the 120 Myr Old Sub-Neptune HIP94235b Using CRIRES+ Open
Atmospheric mass loss is thought to induce the bimodality in the small planet population as we observe it today. Observationally, active mass loss can be traced by excess absorption in spectral lines of lighter species, such as the hydroge…
View article: P-211 Comparing the Effects of Biphasic Ultra-Low Oxygen vs. Monophasic Low Oxygen on Morphokinetic Changes in Sibling Human Embryos
P-211 Comparing the Effects of Biphasic Ultra-Low Oxygen vs. Monophasic Low Oxygen on Morphokinetic Changes in Sibling Human Embryos Open
Study question Can biphasic oxygen culture improve embryo quality and increase the number of usable embryos after in vitro fertilization (IVF) by mimicking in vivo oxygen tension? Summary answer No significant differences were detected on …
View article: On Linking Planet Formation Models, Protoplanetary Disk Properties, and Mature Gas Giant Exoplanet Atmospheres
On Linking Planet Formation Models, Protoplanetary Disk Properties, and Mature Gas Giant Exoplanet Atmospheres Open
Measuring a single elemental ratio (e.g., carbon-to-oxygen) provides insufficient information for understanding the formation mechanisms and evolution that affect our observations of gas giant planet atmospheres. Although the fields of pla…
View article: Tracing the formation and migration history: molecular signatures in the atmosphere of misaligned hot Jupiter WASP-94 A b using <i>JWST</i> NIRSpec/G395H
Tracing the formation and migration history: molecular signatures in the atmosphere of misaligned hot Jupiter WASP-94 A b using <i>JWST</i> NIRSpec/G395H Open
The discovery of hot Jupiters that orbit very close to their host stars has long challenged traditional models of planetary formation and migration. Characterizing their atmospheric composition – mainly in the form of the carbon-to-oxygen …
View article: JWST COMPASS: NIRSpec/G395H Transmission Observations of TOI-776 c, a 2 <i>R</i> <sub>⊕</sub> M Dwarf Planet
JWST COMPASS: NIRSpec/G395H Transmission Observations of TOI-776 c, a 2 <i>R</i> <sub>⊕</sub> M Dwarf Planet Open
The atmospheres of planets between the size of Earth and Neptune at short orbital periods have been under intense scrutiny. Of the approximately dozen planets in this regime with atmospheres studied so far, a few appear to have prominent m…
View article: BOWIE-ALIGN: substellar metallicity and carbon depletion in the aligned TrES-4b with <i>JWST</i> NIRSpec transmission spectroscopy
BOWIE-ALIGN: substellar metallicity and carbon depletion in the aligned TrES-4b with <i>JWST</i> NIRSpec transmission spectroscopy Open
The formation and migration history of a planet is expected to be imprinted in its atmosphere, in particular its carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio and metallicity. The BOWIE-ALIGN (Bristol, Oxford, Warwick, Imperial, Exeter – A spectral Light I…
View article: JWST COMPASS: NIRSpec/G395H Transmission Observations of the Super-Earth TOI-776 b
JWST COMPASS: NIRSpec/G395H Transmission Observations of the Super-Earth TOI-776 b Open
We present two transit observations of the ∼520 K, 1.85 R ⊕ , 4.0 M ⊕ super-Earth TOI-776 b with JWST NIRSpec/G395H, resulting in a 2.8–5.2 μ m transmission spectrum. Producing reductions using the ExoTiC-JEDI and Eureka! pipelines, we obt…
View article: Tracing the Winds: A Uniform Interpretation of Helium Escape in Exoplanets from Archival Spectroscopic Observations
Tracing the Winds: A Uniform Interpretation of Helium Escape in Exoplanets from Archival Spectroscopic Observations Open
Over the past decade, observations of evaporating exoplanets have become increasingly common, driven by the discovery of the near-infrared helium-triplet line as a powerful probe of atmospheric escape. This process significantly influences…
View article: BOWIE-ALIGN: <i>JWST</i> reveals hints of planetesimal accretion and complex sulphur chemistry in the atmosphere of the misaligned hot Jupiter WASP-15b
BOWIE-ALIGN: <i>JWST</i> reveals hints of planetesimal accretion and complex sulphur chemistry in the atmosphere of the misaligned hot Jupiter WASP-15b Open
We present a transmission spectrum of the misaligned hot Jupiter WASP-15b from 2.8–5.2 microns observed with JWST’s NIRSpec/G395H grating. Our high signal-to-noise data, which has negligible red noise, reveals significant absorption by H$_…
View article: The Magnetically Induced Radial Velocity Variation of Gliese 341 and an Upper Limit to the Mass of Its Transiting Earth-sized Planet
The Magnetically Induced Radial Velocity Variation of Gliese 341 and an Upper Limit to the Mass of Its Transiting Earth-sized Planet Open
The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission identified a potential 0.88 R ⊕ planet with a period of 7.577 days, orbiting the nearby M1V star GJ 341 (TOI 741.01). This system has already been observed by the James Webb Space Te…
View article: Tracing the Winds: A Uniform Interpretation of Helium Escape in Exoplanets from Archival Spectroscopic Observations
Tracing the Winds: A Uniform Interpretation of Helium Escape in Exoplanets from Archival Spectroscopic Observations Open
Over the past decade, observations of evaporating exoplanets have become increasingly common, driven by the discovery of the near-infrared helium-triplet line as a powerful probe of atmospheric escape. This process significantly influences…
View article: JWST COMPASS: The First Near- to Mid-infrared Transmission Spectrum of the Hot Super-Earth L 168-9 b
JWST COMPASS: The First Near- to Mid-infrared Transmission Spectrum of the Hot Super-Earth L 168-9 b Open
We present the first broadband near- to mid-infrared (3–12 μ m) transmission spectrum of the highly irradiated ( T eq = 981 K) M-dwarf rocky planet L 168-9 b (TOI-134 b) observed with the Near-infrared Spectrograph and Mid-infrared Instrum…
View article: JWST COMPASS: The 3–5 μm Transmission Spectrum of the Super-Earth L 98-59 c
JWST COMPASS: The 3–5 μm Transmission Spectrum of the Super-Earth L 98-59 c Open
We present a JWST Near-InfraRed Spectrograph (NIRSpec) transmission spectrum of the super-Earth exoplanet L 98-59 c. This small ( R p = 1.385 ± 0.085 R ⊕ , M p = 2.22 ± 0.26 R ⊕ ), warm ( T eq = 553 K) planet resides in a multiplanet syste…
View article: JWST COMPASS: The first near- to mid-infrared transmission spectrum of the hot super-Earth L 168-9 b
JWST COMPASS: The first near- to mid-infrared transmission spectrum of the hot super-Earth L 168-9 b Open
We present the first broadband near- to mid-infrared (3-12 microns) transmission spectrum of the highly-irradiated (T_eq = 981 K) M dwarf rocky planet L 168-9 b (TOI-134 b) observed with the NIRSpec and MIRI instruments aboard JWST. We mea…
View article: BOWIE-ALIGN: how formation and migration histories of giant planets impact atmospheric compositions
BOWIE-ALIGN: how formation and migration histories of giant planets impact atmospheric compositions Open
Hot Jupiters present a unique opportunity for measuring how planet formation history shapes present-day atmospheric composition. However, due to the myriad pathways influencing composition, a well-constructed sample of planets is needed to…
View article: BOWIE-ALIGN: JWST reveals hints of planetesimal accretion and complex sulphur chemistry in the atmosphere of the misaligned hot Jupiter WASP-15b
BOWIE-ALIGN: JWST reveals hints of planetesimal accretion and complex sulphur chemistry in the atmosphere of the misaligned hot Jupiter WASP-15b Open
We present a transmission spectrum of the misaligned hot Jupiter WASP-15b from 2.8-5.2 microns observed with JWST's NIRSpec/G395H grating. Our high signal to noise data, which has negligible red noise, reveals significant absorption by H$_…
View article: JWST COMPASS: The 3-5 Micron Transmission Spectrum of the Super-Earth L 98-59 c
JWST COMPASS: The 3-5 Micron Transmission Spectrum of the Super-Earth L 98-59 c Open
We present a JWST NIRSpec transmission spectrum of the super-Earth exoplanet L 98-59 c. This small (R$_p=1.385\pm0.085$R$_\oplus$, M$_p=2.22\pm0.26$R$_\oplus$), warm (T$_\textrm{eq}=553$K) planet resides in a multi-planet system around a n…
View article: JWST COMPASS: A NIRSpec/G395H Transmission Spectrum of the Sub-Neptune TOI-836c
JWST COMPASS: A NIRSpec/G395H Transmission Spectrum of the Sub-Neptune TOI-836c Open
Planets between the sizes of Earth and Neptune are the most common in the Galaxy, bridging the gap between the terrestrial and giant planets in our solar system. Now that we are firmly in the era of JWST, we can begin to measure, in more d…
View article: Nondetections of Helium in the Young Sub-Jovian Planets K2-100b, HD 63433b, and V1298 Tau c
Nondetections of Helium in the Young Sub-Jovian Planets K2-100b, HD 63433b, and V1298 Tau c Open
We search for excess in-transit absorption of neutral helium at 1.083 μ m in the atmospheres of the young (<800 Myr) sub-Jovian (0.2–0.5 R J ) planets HD 63433b, K2-100b, and V1298 Tau c using high-resolution ( R ∼25,000) transit observati…
View article: Inhomogeneous terminators on the exoplanet WASP-39 b
Inhomogeneous terminators on the exoplanet WASP-39 b Open
View article: A benchmark JWST near-infrared spectrum for the exoplanet WASP-39 b
A benchmark JWST near-infrared spectrum for the exoplanet WASP-39 b Open
View article: BOWIE-ALIGN: A JWST comparative survey of aligned vs misaligned hot Jupiters to test the dependence of atmospheric composition on migration history
BOWIE-ALIGN: A JWST comparative survey of aligned vs misaligned hot Jupiters to test the dependence of atmospheric composition on migration history Open
A primary objective of exoplanet atmosphere characterisation is to learn about planet formation and evolution, however, this is challenged by degeneracies. To determine whether differences in atmospheric composition can be reliably traced …
View article: BOWIE-ALIGN: How formation and migration histories of giant planets impact atmospheric compositions
BOWIE-ALIGN: How formation and migration histories of giant planets impact atmospheric compositions Open
Hot Jupiters present a unique opportunity for measuring how planet formation history shapes present-day atmospheric composition. However, due to the myriad pathways influencing composition, a well-constructed sample of planets is needed to…
View article: Debris Disks Can Contaminate Mid-infrared Exoplanet Spectra: Evidence for a Circumstellar Debris Disk around Exoplanet Host WASP-39
Debris Disks Can Contaminate Mid-infrared Exoplanet Spectra: Evidence for a Circumstellar Debris Disk around Exoplanet Host WASP-39 Open
The signal from a transiting planet can be diluted by astrophysical contamination. In the case of circumstellar debris disks, this contamination could start in the mid-infrared and vary as a function of wavelength, which would then change …
View article: Debris Disks can Contaminate Mid-Infrared Exoplanet Spectra: Evidence for a Circumstellar Debris Disk around Exoplanet Host WASP-39
Debris Disks can Contaminate Mid-Infrared Exoplanet Spectra: Evidence for a Circumstellar Debris Disk around Exoplanet Host WASP-39 Open
The signal from a transiting planet can be diluted by astrophysical contamination. In the case of circumstellar debris disks, this contamination could start in the mid-infrared and vary as a function of wavelength, which would then change …