Kirsten E. Smith
YOU?
Author Swipe
View article: Clinically characterizing adults who use kava or kratom: Substance use disorder assessment challenges for increasingly popular botanical products
Clinically characterizing adults who use kava or kratom: Substance use disorder assessment challenges for increasingly popular botanical products Open
Assessment of patients using kratom or kava may become challenging due to co-use. The relative rewarding and reinforcing effects of these botanicals alone or combined requires systematic study. SUD for either is possible but should be cont…
View article: Is bedtime use of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) a sleep aid or disruptor? Examining its daily effects and individual differences.
Is bedtime use of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) a sleep aid or disruptor? Examining its daily effects and individual differences. Open
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a psychoactive botanical native to Southeast Asia increasingly used in the United States for various self-reported benefits, including sleep improvement. However, empirical evidence concerning kratom's…
View article: Chemical Analysis and Alkaloid Intake for Kratom Products Available in the United States
Chemical Analysis and Alkaloid Intake for Kratom Products Available in the United States Open
Previously, we used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to evaluate motivations and temporal patterns of kratom use for 15 days among US adult kratom consumers ( N = 357). Here we present the content analyses of the products used during …
View article: Characteristics of Adverse Reactions to Kratom and Implementation of Harm Reduction Strategies in a Sample of Ethnobotanical Tea Bar Patrons in Colorado
Characteristics of Adverse Reactions to Kratom and Implementation of Harm Reduction Strategies in a Sample of Ethnobotanical Tea Bar Patrons in Colorado Open
Background: Kratom is a psychoactive botanical that is increasingly popular in the United States, yet limited research exists to date on its potential risks. Given that kratom is currently unregulated, and a variety of kratom products are …
View article: Kratom use among ethnobotanical tea bar patrons in Colorado: Subjective drug effects, adverse reactions, and perceived benefits of use
Kratom use among ethnobotanical tea bar patrons in Colorado: Subjective drug effects, adverse reactions, and perceived benefits of use Open
Introduction: Kratom use is increasing in the US, yet data characterizing use patterns, risks, and benefits is limited. Additionally, there are few data on the acute subjective effects of kratom in humans, and no studies to-date have exami…
View article: Controversies in Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Kratom Use Disorder
Controversies in Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Kratom Use Disorder Open
Purpose of Review We apply the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for substance use disorders (SUDs) to the herbal product kratom. Similarities and differences between kratom use disorder (…
View article: Growing pains with kratom: experiences discussed in subreddits contrast with satisfaction expressed in surveys
Growing pains with kratom: experiences discussed in subreddits contrast with satisfaction expressed in surveys Open
Background “Kratom” refers to an array of bioactive products derived from Mitragyna speciosa , a tree indigenous to Southeast Asia. Most kratom consumers report analgesic and stimulatory effects, and common reasons for use are to address m…
View article: Kratom safety and toxicology in the public health context: research needs to better inform regulation
Kratom safety and toxicology in the public health context: research needs to better inform regulation Open
Although kratom use has been part of life for centuries in Southeast Asia, the availability and use of kratom in the United States (US) increased substantially since the early 2000s when there was little information on kratom pharmacology,…
View article: Kratom addiction per DSM-5 SUD criteria, and kratom physical dependence: Insights from dosing amount versus frequency
Kratom addiction per DSM-5 SUD criteria, and kratom physical dependence: Insights from dosing amount versus frequency Open
View article: Effects of kratom on driving: Results from a cross-sectional survey, ecological momentary assessment, and pilot simulated driving Study
Effects of kratom on driving: Results from a cross-sectional survey, ecological momentary assessment, and pilot simulated driving Study Open
Using kratom before driving appears routine, however, self-reported and simulated driving findings suggest kratom effects at self-selected doses among regular kratom consumers do not produce significant changes in subjective and objective …
View article: An update on the clinical pharmacology of kratom: uses, abuse potential, and future considerations
An update on the clinical pharmacology of kratom: uses, abuse potential, and future considerations Open
With the increasing use of kratom in clinical practice, clinicians should be aware of the potential benefits and adverse effects associated with kratom. While many patients may benefit from kratom use with few or no reported adverse effect…
View article: Examining the paradoxical effects of kratom: a narrative inquiry
Examining the paradoxical effects of kratom: a narrative inquiry Open
Introduction: Surveys and case reports have documented kratom use in the United States (US) for over a decade. However, those reports have generally not examined in depth the role kratom plays in the lives of those who use it regularly for…
View article: Kratom use as more than a “self-treatment”
Kratom use as more than a “self-treatment” Open
Background: Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) is increasingly used in the United States for its pharmacological effects. Kratom's relative novelty makes for a dynamic situation, such that use motivations are not firmly established …
View article: Patient perceptions of higher-dose naloxone nasal spray for opioid overdose
Patient perceptions of higher-dose naloxone nasal spray for opioid overdose Open
View article: Searching for a Signal: Self-Reported Kratom Dose-Effect Relationships Among a Sample of US Adults With Regular Kratom Use Histories
Searching for a Signal: Self-Reported Kratom Dose-Effect Relationships Among a Sample of US Adults With Regular Kratom Use Histories Open
There is limited understanding regarding kratom use among US adults. Although motivations for use are increasingly understood, typical kratom doses, threshold of (low and high) doses for perceived effectiveness, and effects produced during…
View article: Assessment of Kratom Use Disorder and Withdrawal Among an Online Convenience Sample of US Adults
Assessment of Kratom Use Disorder and Withdrawal Among an Online Convenience Sample of US Adults Open
Introduction Since 2007, kratom use in the United States has increased, centered around nonmedical self-treatment of pain, psychiatric, and substance use disorder symptoms. Reports of kratom withdrawal have emerged amidst description of th…
View article: How Essential is Kratom Availability and use during COVID-19? Use Pattern Analysis Based on Survey and Social Media Data
How Essential is Kratom Availability and use during COVID-19? Use Pattern Analysis Based on Survey and Social Media Data Open
Background: Kratom, a tree native to Southeast Asia, is increasingly used in Western countries for self-treatment of pain, psychiatric disorders, and mitigation of withdrawal symptoms from drugs of abuse. Because kratom is solely supplied …
View article: Kava (<i>Piper methysticum</i>) in the United States: the quiet rise of a substance with often subtle effects
Kava (<i>Piper methysticum</i>) in the United States: the quiet rise of a substance with often subtle effects Open
Background: Piper methysticum, commonly called kava, has long been consumed in beverage form in the Pacific Islands. Kava use in the US has slowly increased since the 1990s, but is not assessed in major epidemiological surveys. O…
View article: Nonfatal opioid overdoses before and after Covid-19: Regional variation in rates of change
Nonfatal opioid overdoses before and after Covid-19: Regional variation in rates of change Open
Background The Covid-19 pandemic and its accompanying public-health orders (PHOs) have led to (potentially countervailing) changes in various risk factors for overdose. To assess whether the net effects of these factors varied geographical…
View article: Associations of Lifetime Nonmedical Opioid, Methamphetamine, and Kratom Use within a Nationally Representative US Sample
Associations of Lifetime Nonmedical Opioid, Methamphetamine, and Kratom Use within a Nationally Representative US Sample Open
Co-use of non-medical opioids (NMO) and methamphetamine is increasing. So too is the use of the psychoactive botanical "kratom," including among people with NMO and methamphetamine use histories. We assessed characteristics associated with…
View article: Comment on Heilig et al.: The centrality of the brain and the fuzzy line of addiction
Comment on Heilig et al.: The centrality of the brain and the fuzzy line of addiction Open
View article: The continued rise of methamphetamine use among people who use heroin in the United States
The continued rise of methamphetamine use among people who use heroin in the United States Open
View article: Potential Value of the Insights and Lived Experiences of Addiction Researchers With Addiction
Potential Value of the Insights and Lived Experiences of Addiction Researchers With Addiction Open
People in remission from substance use disorders (SUDs) have a history of using their own experience (also referred to as “experiential knowledge” or “expertise”) to support those in or seeking SUD remission. In recent years, people with t…
View article: When an obscurity becomes trend: social-media descriptions of tianeptine use and associated atypical drug use
When an obscurity becomes trend: social-media descriptions of tianeptine use and associated atypical drug use Open
Background: Originally believed to be an atypical antidepressant acting at serotonin transporters, tianeptine is now known to also be an atypical agonist at mu-opioid receptors. Its nonmedical use may be increasing amidst the broade…
View article: The role of stigma in referrals for medication for opioid use disorder: Three case studies in Montana
The role of stigma in referrals for medication for opioid use disorder: Three case studies in Montana Open
View article: Kratom use in the United States: a diverse and complex profile
Kratom use in the United States: a diverse and complex profile Open
Schimmel et al. [1] evaluated the prevalence and substance-abuse profile of kratom users through the Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs (NMURx) program, part of the Research Abuse, Diversion and Addiction-Related Surveillance (RADARS) s…
View article: Risk factors for heroin use following release from jail or prison in adults in a Central Appalachian state between 2012-2017
Risk factors for heroin use following release from jail or prison in adults in a Central Appalachian state between 2012-2017 Open
In this sample, post-release heroin use was associated with concerning features, such as polydrug use, lack of social satisfaction, and suicidal ideation. These features can serve as clear targets for clinical intervention.
View article: Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): User demographics, use patterns, and implications for the opioid epidemic
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): User demographics, use patterns, and implications for the opioid epidemic Open
View article: Characterization of diverted buprenorphine use among adults entering corrections-based drug treatment in Kentucky
Characterization of diverted buprenorphine use among adults entering corrections-based drug treatment in Kentucky Open
View article: Self-reported Health Diagnoses and Demographic Correlates With Kratom Use: Results From an Online Survey
Self-reported Health Diagnoses and Demographic Correlates With Kratom Use: Results From an Online Survey Open
Objectives: To determine whether diagnosed pre-existing health conditions correlate with Kratom demographics and use patterns. Methods: A cross-sectional, anonymous US national online survey was conducted among 8049 Kratom users in October…