Knut Madslien
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View article: Emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses H5N1 and H5N5 in white-tailed eagles, 2021–2023
Emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses H5N1 and H5N5 in white-tailed eagles, 2021–2023 Open
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) poses a substantial threat to several raptors. Between 2021 and 2023, HPAI viruses (HPAIVs) of the Goose/Guangdong lineage H5 clade 2.3.4.4b became widespread in wild birds in Norway, and H5N1 and H…
View article: The red listed eagle owl (Bubo bubo) population in Norway is exposed to POP levels exceeding threshold values for adverse health effects
The red listed eagle owl (Bubo bubo) population in Norway is exposed to POP levels exceeding threshold values for adverse health effects Open
The eagle owl (Bubo bubo) population in Norway is today classified as critically endangered on the red list of endangered species. Because previous studies have detected high concentrations of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in birds …
View article: Sporadic cases of chronic wasting disease in old moose – an epidemiological study
Sporadic cases of chronic wasting disease in old moose – an epidemiological study Open
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or prion diseases comprise diseases with different levels of contagiousness under natural conditions. The hypothesis has been raised that the chronic wasting disease (CWD) cases detected in Nordic …
View article: Are rapid tests and confirmatory western blot used for cattle and small ruminants TSEs reliable tools for the diagnosis of Chronic Wasting Disease in Europe?
Are rapid tests and confirmatory western blot used for cattle and small ruminants TSEs reliable tools for the diagnosis of Chronic Wasting Disease in Europe? Open
The first case of CWD in Europe was detected in a Norwegian reindeer in 2016, followed later by two CWD cases in Norwegian moose. To prevent the potential spread of CWD to the EU, the European Commission (Regulation EU 2017_1972) implement…
View article: Functional immune diversity in reindeer reveals a high Arctic population at risk
Functional immune diversity in reindeer reveals a high Arctic population at risk Open
Climate changes the geographic range of both species as well as pathogens, causing a potential increase in the vulnerability of populations or species with limited genetic diversity. With advances in high throughput sequencing (HTS) techno…
View article: Challenges and opportunities using hunters to monitor chronic wasting disease among wild reindeer in the digital era
Challenges and opportunities using hunters to monitor chronic wasting disease among wild reindeer in the digital era Open
Surveillance of wildlife diseases poses considerable logistical challenges compared to that of humans or livestock. Citizen science can enable broader coverage, but building an efficient disease monitoring system that relies on hunters is …
View article: Chronic wasting disease in Norway—A survey of prion protein gene variation among cervids
Chronic wasting disease in Norway—A survey of prion protein gene variation among cervids Open
Susceptibility of cervids to Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD), a prion disease, can be modulated by variations in the prion protein gene ( PRNP ), encoding the cellular prion protein (PrP C ). In prion diseases, PrP C is conformationally conv…
View article: Adaptive selection of a prion strain conformer corresponding to established North American CWD during propagation of novel emergent Norwegian strains in mice expressing elk or deer prion protein
Adaptive selection of a prion strain conformer corresponding to established North American CWD during propagation of novel emergent Norwegian strains in mice expressing elk or deer prion protein Open
Prions are infectious proteins causing fatal, transmissible neurodegenerative diseases of animals and humans. Replication involves template-directed refolding of host encoded prion protein, PrP C , by its infectious conformation, PrP Sc . …
View article: Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Moose (Alces alces), Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), Red Deer (Cervus elaphus), Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus), and Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) from Norway
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Moose (Alces alces), Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), Red Deer (Cervus elaphus), Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus), and Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) from Norway Open
Hepatitis E virus (HEV), a major cause of viral hepatitis worldwide, is considered an emerging foodborne zoonosis in Europe. Pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) and wild boars (S. scrofa) are recognized as important HEV reservoirs. Additionally, H…
View article: Humanized Transgenic Mice Are Resistant to Chronic Wasting Disease Prions From Norwegian Reindeer and Moose
Humanized Transgenic Mice Are Resistant to Chronic Wasting Disease Prions From Norwegian Reindeer and Moose Open
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or prion disease affecting cervids. In 2016, the first cases of CWD were reported in Europe in Norwegian wild reindeer and moose. The origin and zoonotic potentia…
View article: First Detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Norway
First Detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Norway Open
Background: Several outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) caused by influenza A virus of subtype H5N8 have been reported in wild birds and poultry in Europe during autumn 2020.Norway is one of the few countries in Europe th…
View article: Studies in bank voles reveal strain differences between chronic wasting disease prions from Norway and North America
Studies in bank voles reveal strain differences between chronic wasting disease prions from Norway and North America Open
Significance Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a highly contagious disease caused by prions that affects several cervid species and is relentlessly spreading across North America. Very recently, CWD was detected for the first time in Europe…
View article: Gammaherpesvirus in Cervid Species from Norway: Characterization of a New Virus in Wild and Semi-Domesticated Eurasian Tundra Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)
Gammaherpesvirus in Cervid Species from Norway: Characterization of a New Virus in Wild and Semi-Domesticated Eurasian Tundra Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) Open
Gammaherpesvirus infections have been described in cervids worldwide, mainly the genera Macavirus or Rhadinovirus. However, little is known about the gammaherpesviruses species infecting cervids in Norway and Fennoscandia. Blood samples fr…
View article: Comparison of anticoagulant rodenticide concentrations in liver and feces from apparently healthy red foxes
Comparison of anticoagulant rodenticide concentrations in liver and feces from apparently healthy red foxes Open
Exposure of wildlife and domestic animals to anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) is a worldwide concern, but few methods exist to determine residue levels in live animals. Traditional liver detection methods preclude determining exposure in l…
View article: Hair Cortisol Concentration and Body Mass in Moose (Alces alces) Infested with Deer Keds (Lipoptena cervi)
Hair Cortisol Concentration and Body Mass in Moose (Alces alces) Infested with Deer Keds (Lipoptena cervi) Open
The deer ked (Lipoptena cervi), a hematophagous ectoparasite of cervids, is currently spreading in Scandinavia, and the moose (Alces alces) is its main host. However, little is known about the impact of deer keds on moose. We analyzed the …
View article: Cervids as sentinel‐species for tick‐borne encephalitis virus in Norway ‐ A serological study
Cervids as sentinel‐species for tick‐borne encephalitis virus in Norway ‐ A serological study Open
Tick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the causative agent of tick‐borne encephalitis (TBE). TBEV is one of the most important neurological pathogens transmitted by tick bites in Europe. The objectives of this study were to investigate th…
View article: Chronic wasting disease associated with prion protein gene (<i>PRNP</i>) variation in Norwegian wild reindeer (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>)
Chronic wasting disease associated with prion protein gene (<i>PRNP</i>) variation in Norwegian wild reindeer (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) Open
The emergence of CWD in Europe in 2016 and the first natural infection in wild reindeer warranted disease management. This led to the testing of 2424 hunted or culled reindeer during 2016-2018, from the infected subpopulation in the Nordfj…
View article: The demographic pattern of infection with chronic wasting disease in reindeer at an early epidemic stage
The demographic pattern of infection with chronic wasting disease in reindeer at an early epidemic stage Open
Infection patterns linked to age and sex are crucial to predict the population dynamic effects of diseases in long‐lived species. How such demographic patterns of infection arise is often multifactorial, although the cause is commonly seen…
View article: Novel Type of Chronic Wasting Disease Detected in Moose (<i>Alces alces</i>), Norway
Novel Type of Chronic Wasting Disease Detected in Moose (<i>Alces alces</i>), Norway Open
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) persists in cervid populations of North America and in 2016 was detected for the first time in Europe in a wild reindeer in Norway. We report the detection of CWD in 3 moose (Alces alces) in Norway, identified…
View article: Long-Term Safety of Intraperitoneal Radio Transmitter Implants in Brown Bears (Ursus arctos)
Long-Term Safety of Intraperitoneal Radio Transmitter Implants in Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) Open
Intraperitoneal radio transmitters have been widely used in free-ranging wild mammals, but there are no long-term studies on their biocompatibility or technical stability within the abdominal cavity of animals. Possible negative health eff…
View article: What does the fox say? Monitoring antimicrobial resistance in the environment using wild red foxes as an indicator
What does the fox say? Monitoring antimicrobial resistance in the environment using wild red foxes as an indicator Open
The objective of this study was to estimate and compare the occurrence of AMR in wild red foxes in relation to human population densities. Samples from wild red foxes (n = 528) included in the Norwegian monitoring programme on antimicrobia…
View article: Yew (Taxus) intoxication in free-ranging cervids
Yew (Taxus) intoxication in free-ranging cervids Open
Wild ruminants, including deer species (cervids) have incorrectly been regarded as refractory to yew (Taxus) intoxication. This assumption has been based upon anecdotal observations of individual deer browsing on yew over time without appa…
View article: Phenology of deer ked (Lipoptena cervi) host-seeking flight activity and its relationship with prevailing autumn weather
Phenology of deer ked (Lipoptena cervi) host-seeking flight activity and its relationship with prevailing autumn weather Open
Parasitic arthropods may be strongly affected by prevailing weather during off-host periods. Our study shows an estimated positive effect of temperature on deer ked flight activity mainly for below mean temperatures in late autumn, while t…