K.P. Galvin
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View article: Gas Flaring Is Likely Underestimated by Satellites due to Undetected Small Flares
Gas Flaring Is Likely Underestimated by Satellites due to Undetected Small Flares Open
Global upstream oil and gas flaring was estimated at 148 billion m3 in 2023 based on satellite observations by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument. Accurate monitoring is critical, as both lit and unlit flares …
View article: Hydrodynamic enhancement of flotation using a Reflux flotation cell
Hydrodynamic enhancement of flotation using a Reflux flotation cell Open
The Reflux Flotation Cell (RFC) consists of an inverted fluidized bubbly bed, located above a system of parallel inclined channels. This novel arrangement enhances the hydrodynamics of flotation in a number of ways. Firstly, the free-surfa…
View article: Benchmarking a Single-Stage REFLUX™ Flotation Cell Against a Multi-Stage Industrial Copper Concentrator and Lab-Scale Mechanical Cell
Benchmarking a Single-Stage REFLUX™ Flotation Cell Against a Multi-Stage Industrial Copper Concentrator and Lab-Scale Mechanical Cell Open
A low-grade copper ore from an Australian mine was processed under continuous steady state conditions using the REFLUX™ Flotation Cell (RFC™), and the performance was quantified with reference to a batch mechanical cell and the plant circu…
View article: Empirical Evidence for Fermi-Dirac Classification of Minerals by Particle Size
Empirical Evidence for Fermi-Dirac Classification of Minerals by Particle Size Open
In mineral processing, partition curves are used to describe the probability of a particle of a given size or density reporting to the overflow or the underflow stream. One simple descriptor is the Rosin-Rammler (Weibull) functional form, …
View article: Single Stage Production of Ultra-High Grade Iron Ore using a Novel Fluidisation Arrangement in a Reflux Classifier
Single Stage Production of Ultra-High Grade Iron Ore using a Novel Fluidisation Arrangement in a Reflux Classifier Open
The effect of a novel fluidisation arrangement on the gravity separation performance of the Reflux Classifier in upgrading ultrafine iron ore was investigated. A slow-moving rake was used to develop a strong dense medium in the lower zone …
View article: Improving flotation hydrodynamics to maximize nickel recovery from tailings
Improving flotation hydrodynamics to maximize nickel recovery from tailings Open
The REFLUX™ Flotation Cell (RFC™) was used to investigate the flotation of a nickel tailings stream containing significant levels of dissolved solids, slow floating nickel minerals, and ultrafine hydrophilic silicates. Slow floating minera…
View article: Fourth Generation Gravity Separation using the Reflux Classifier
Fourth Generation Gravity Separation using the Reflux Classifier Open
The Reflux Classifier achieves powerful synergy between an upper system of inclined channels and lower fluidised bed arrangement, delivering gravity separation in a single stage of separation. This paper is concerned with the step-change i…
View article: Amplification in the Uncertainty of the Yield and Recovery for a Steady-State Mineral Separator calculated using the Two-Product Formula
Amplification in the Uncertainty of the Yield and Recovery for a Steady-State Mineral Separator calculated using the Two-Product Formula Open
This paper presents a simple relationship for estimating the uncertainty in the overall yield and species recovery when the two-product formula is applied to assays of the feed, product and tailings streams of a steady-state mineral separa…
View article: Hydrophobic-hydrophilic bubble-particle kinetics in a downcomer
Hydrophobic-hydrophilic bubble-particle kinetics in a downcomer Open
Declining ore grades have been addressed through exponentially higher cell residence times. With cell sizes approaching 1000 m3, improved kinetics is crucial. Downcomers, which increase shear rates for improved recovery of fine hydrophobic…
View article: Gravity separation of fine itabirite iron ore using the Reflux Classifier – Part II – Establishing the underpinning partition surface
Gravity separation of fine itabirite iron ore using the Reflux Classifier – Part II – Establishing the underpinning partition surface Open
This work assessed the potential of a single stage Reflux Classifier to upgrade itabirite iron ore to high grade at satisfactory recovery. Part I reported on the detailed findings of the experimental program and the physical transport of t…
View article: Beneficiation of High-Density Tantalum Ore in the REFLUX™ Concentrating Classifier Analysed Using Batch Fractionation Assay and Density Data
Beneficiation of High-Density Tantalum Ore in the REFLUX™ Concentrating Classifier Analysed Using Batch Fractionation Assay and Density Data Open
A laboratory-scale REFLUX™ Concentrating Classifier was operated in continuous mode to beneficiate a sub 0.100 mm tantalum ore with a head grade of 0.56 wt.% Ta. The unit incorporated a lower section with a reduced diameter to accommodate …
View article: Amplification in the Uncertainty of the Yield and Recovery for a Steady-State Mineral Separator calculated using the Two-Product Formula
Amplification in the Uncertainty of the Yield and Recovery for a Steady-State Mineral Separator calculated using the Two-Product Formula Open
This paper presents a simple relationship for estimating the uncertainty in the overall yield and species recovery when the two-product formula is applied to assays of the feed, product and tailings streams of a steady-state mineral separa…
View article: The role of enhanced desliming and gravity separation as a precursor to flotation in the upgrading of cassiterite from tailings
The role of enhanced desliming and gravity separation as a precursor to flotation in the upgrading of cassiterite from tailings Open
Due to the depletion of high-grade mineral deposits, there is increasing demand for the reprocessing of minerals from tailings dams. However, tailings reprocessing can present several challenges due to the presence of slimes: reduced selec…
View article: Investigating the system flotation kinetics of fine chalcopyrite in a REFLUX™ flotation cell: Part II low-grade ores
Investigating the system flotation kinetics of fine chalcopyrite in a REFLUX™ flotation cell: Part II low-grade ores Open
The flotation performance of the REFLUX™ Flotation Cell (RFC™) was assessed and quantified through a performance ratio relative to a bench scale mechanical cell. This new work extended the previous study (Parkes et al., 2022) on a model fe…
View article: Amplification in the Uncertainty of the Yield and Recovery for a Steady-State Mineral Separator calculated using the Two-Product Formula
Amplification in the Uncertainty of the Yield and Recovery for a Steady-State Mineral Separator calculated using the Two-Product Formula Open
This paper presents a simple relationship for estimating the uncertainty in the overall yield (Y) and species recovery (Ri) when the two-product formula is applied to assays of the feed, product and tailings streams of a steady-state miner…
View article: Gravity separation of fine itabirite iron ore using the Reflux Classifier – Part II – Establishing the underpinning partition surface
Gravity separation of fine itabirite iron ore using the Reflux Classifier – Part II – Establishing the underpinning partition surface Open
This work assessed the potential of a single stage Reflux Classifier to upgrade itabirite iron ore to high grade at satisfactory recovery. Part I reported on the detailed findings of the experimental program and the physical transport of t…
View article: Enhancing nickel grade and recovery with counter-current washing of the concentrated bubbly-zone of a single stage REFLUX™ Flotation Cell
Enhancing nickel grade and recovery with counter-current washing of the concentrated bubbly-zone of a single stage REFLUX™ Flotation Cell Open
The recovery and concentration of the nickel sulphide mineral, pentlandite, present several challenges due to its relatively slow flotation, leading to excessive hydrophilic gangue minerals in the concentrate. The REFLUX™ Flotation Cell (R…