Explanipedia

Ventilatory and cerebrovascular responses to exercise in lowlander children acclimatizing to high‐altitude Open

Jodie L. Koep, Mathew G. Rieger, Kurt J. Smith, Gregory R. duManoir, Christine M. Tallon , et al. · 2025

Maturational differences in chemoreception and cerebral blood flow are evident at sea‐level, yet the age‐related comparisons in cardiopulmonary and cerebrovascular responses to high‐altitude exercise are unknown. Lowland living children ( …

Regional cerebral pulsatile hemodynamics during isocapnic and poikilocapnic hyperthermia in young men Open

Spencer Skaper, Brooke R. Shepley, Ibrahim Amr Wafai, Philip N. Ainslie, Anthony R. Bain , et al. · 2025

Hyperthermia is known to induce hypocapnia‐driven reductions in cerebral blood flow; however, it is unknown if it causes changes in hemodynamic pulsatility that negatively influence cerebrovascular function. This retrospective analysis aim…

Comparison of computational fluid dynamics with transcranial Doppler ultrasound in response to physiological stimuli Open

Harrison T. Caddy, Hannah J. Thomas, Lachlan J. Kelsey, Kurt J. Smith, Barry J. Doyle , et al. · 2023

Comparison of Computational Fluid Dynamics with Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound in Response to Physiological Stimuli Open

Harrison T. Caddy, Hannah J. Thomas, Lachlan J. Kelsey, Kurt J. Smith, Barry J. Doyle , et al. · 2023

Cerebrovascular haemodynamics are sensitive to multiple physiological stimuli that require synergistic response to maintain adequate perfusion. Understanding haemodynamic changes within cerebral arteries is important to inform how the brai…

Psychosocial vascular interactions: It's a ‘shame’ we don't kNOw more Open

Tabitha V. Craig, Destiny R. Marston, Kurt J. Smith · 2023

Decreased endothelial function is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular events. One of the primary mechanisms associated with decreased endothelial function is inflammation that inhibits nitric oxide (NO) vascular pathways (…

Cardiopulmonary and cerebrovascular acclimatization in children and adults at 3800 m Open

Mathew G. Rieger, Christine M. Tallon, Dean R. Perkins, Kurt J. Smith, Mike Stembridge , et al. · 2022

Maturational differences exist in cardiopulmonary and cerebrovascular function at sea‐level, but the impact of maturation on acclimatization responses to high altitude is unknown. Ten children (9.8 ± 2.5 years) and 10 adults (34.7 ± 7.1 ye…

Dynamic onset response of the internal carotid artery to hypercapnia is blunted in children compared with adults Open

Christine M. Tallon, Jack S. Talbot, Kurt J. Smith, Nia C. S. Lewis, Daniela Nowak‐Flück , et al. · 2022

Intracranial blood velocity reactivity to a steady-state hypercapnic stimulus has been shown to be similar in children and adults, but the onset response to hypercapnia is slower in the child. Given the vasodilatory effect of hypercapnia o…

Studies of Twin Responses to Understand Exercise THerapy (STRUETH): cerebrovascular function Open

Hannah J. Thomas, Channa E. Marsh, Katrina J. Scurrah, Louise H. Naylor, Kurt J. Smith , et al. · 2022

We studied monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs following resistance (RES) and endurance (END) training to assess genetic and environmental contributions to cerebrovascular function. Cerebrovascular function (rest, autoregulation…

Comparison of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound with Computational Fluid Dynamics: Responses to Physiological Stimuli Open

Harrison T. Caddy, Hannah J. Thomas, Lachlan J. Kelsey, Kurt J. Smith, Barry J. Doyle , et al. · 2022

Few studies have compared transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound with independent techniques such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, particularly in response to stimuli. We compared TCD cerebral blood flow velocity in health…

Kids With Altitude: Acute Mountain Sickness and Changes in Body Mass and Total Body Water in Children Travelling to 3800 m Open

Mathew G. Rieger, Isabel Algaze, Adriana Rodriguez-Vasquez, Kurt J. Smith, Mike Stembridge , et al. · 2022

Introduction We explored the incidence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) and extravascular lung water (ELW) in children in relation to changes in body composition and peripheral blood oxygenation (S p O 2 ) during 1 week of acclimatization …

Nitric oxide contributes to cerebrovascular shear‐mediated dilatation but not steady‐state cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide Open

Ryan L. Hoiland, Hannah G. Caldwell, Jay M. J. R. Carr, Connor A. Howe, Benjamin S. Stacey , et al. · 2021

Cerebrovascular CO 2 reactivity (CVR) is often considered a bioassay of cerebrovascular endothelial function. We recently introduced a test of cerebral shear‐mediated dilatation (cSMD) that may better reflect endothelial function. We aimed…

Trans-cerebral HCO3− and PCO2 exchange during acute respiratory acidosis and exercise-induced metabolic acidosis in humans Open

Hannah G. Caldwell, Ryan L. Hoiland, Kurt J. Smith, Patrice Brassard, Anthony R. Bain , et al. · 2021

This study investigated trans-cerebral internal jugular venous-arterial bicarbonate ([HCO 3 − ]) and carbon dioxide tension (PCO 2 ) exchange utilizing two separate interventions to induce acidosis: 1) acute respiratory acidosis via elevat…

Examining Blood Vessels Using Sound Waves Open

Christine M. Tallon, Kurt J. Smith, N. Lewis, Ali M. McManus · 2021

Your heart works as a team with your body’s blood vessels. Your heart pumps the blood, while blood vessels help the blood travel all over your body, just as a garden hose helps move water all around your garden. Blood carries oxygen and ot…

The influence of sex and maturation on carotid and vertebral artery hemodynamics and associations with free-living (in)activity in 6–17-year-olds Open

Christine M. Tallon, Kurt J. Smith, Daniela Nowak‐Flück, Alyssa V. Koziol, Mathew G. Rieger , et al. · 2021

Cerebral blood flow is known to change with age; however, assessing these age-related changes is complex and requires consideration of pubertal status. This, to our knowledge, is the first study to investigate the influence of sex and matu…

Resistance, but not endurance exercise training, induces changes in cerebrovascular function in healthy young subjects Open

Hannah J. Thomas, Channa E. Marsh, Louise H. Naylor, Philip N. Ainslie, Kurt J. Smith , et al. · 2021

Three months of endurance exercise did not elicit adaptation in any domain of cerebrovascular function in young healthy inactive volunteers. However, resistance training induced decreased pulsatility in the extracranial arteries and increa…

Impact of acute changes in blood pressure and arterial stiffness on cerebral pulsatile haemodynamics in young and middle‐aged adults Open

Wesley K. Lefferts, Elizabeth C. Schroeder, Brooks A. Hibner, Kurt J. Smith, Bo Fernhall · 2021

New Findings What is the central question of this study? Does cerebrovascular pulsatility respond differently to acute increases in arterial stiffness in middle‐aged compared with young adults? What is the main finding and its importance? …

Assessment of cerebrovascular responses to physiological stimuli in identical twins using multimodal imaging and computational fluid dynamics Open

Hannah J. Thomas, U.V.S. Rana, Channa E. Marsh, Harrison T. Caddy, Lachlan J. Kelsey , et al. · 2020

There is acknowledged variability in the Circle of Willis in the general population, yet the structure and function relationship of the cerebrovasculature is poorly understood. Using a combination of magnetic resonance imaging, high-resolu…

Scratching the surface of hypoxic cerebral vascular control: a potentially polarizing view of mechanistic research in humans Open

Kurt J. Smith, Matthew G. Neill, Ryan L. Hoiland · 2020

Reductions in arterial oxygen content require hypoxic cerebral vasodilatation to increase cerebral blood flow (CBF) and maintain oxygen delivery to the brain. The mechanistic control of hypoxic cerebral vasodilatation has proven difficult …

Cefepime Compared to Piperacillin/Tazobactam in the Management of Septic Shock Open

Kenneth K. Tran, Kurt J. Smith, Andrew J. Franck · 2020

Cerebral blood flow responses to exercise are enhanced in left ventricular assist device patients after an exercise rehabilitation program Open

Kurt J. Smith, Ignacio Moreno-Suarez, Anna Scheer, L. Dembo, Louise H. Naylor , et al. · 2019

Cerebral blood flow during exercise is impaired in patients with heart failure implanted with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). Our aim was to determine whether a 3-mo exercise training program could mitigate cerebrovascular dysfunc…

Morning exercise mitigates the impact of prolonged sitting on cerebral blood flow in older adults Open

Michael J. Wheeler, David W. Dunstan, B. Smith, Kurt J. Smith, Anna Scheer , et al. · 2019

Preventing declines in cerebral blood flow is important for maintaining optimal brain health with aging. We compared the effects of a morning bout of moderate-intensity exercise, with and without subsequent light-intensity walking breaks f…

Cerebral Blood Flow during Exercise in Heart Failure: Effect of Ventricular Assist Devices Open

Kurt J. Smith, Ignacio Moreno-Suarez, Anna Scheer, Lauren C. Chasland, Hannah J. Thomas , et al. · 2019

Introduction In healthy individuals, cerebral blood flow (CBF) increases during exercise, but few studies have compared changes in CBF during exercise in patients with heart failure (HF) to healthy controls (CTRL) or assessed the effects o…

Increasing cerebral blood flow reduces the severity of central sleep apnea at high altitude Open

Keith R. Burgess, Samuel J. E. Lucas, Katie Burgess, Kate E. Sprecher, Joseph E. Donnelly , et al. · 2018

Earlier studies have indicated an important role for cerebral blood flow in the pathophysiology of central sleep apnea (CSA) at high altitude, but were not decisive. To test the hypothesis that pharmacologically altering cerebral blood flo…

Matched increases in cerebral artery shear stress, irrespective of stimulus, induce similar changes in extra-cranial arterial diameter in humans Open

Kurt J. Smith, Ryan L. Hoiland, Ryan Grove, Hamish McKirdy, Louise H. Naylor , et al. · 2017

The mechanistic role of arterial shear stress in the regulation of cerebrovascular responses to physiological stimuli (exercise and hypercapnia) is poorly understood. We hypothesised that, if shear stress is a key regulator of arterial dil…

Brachial and Cerebrovascular Functions Are Enhanced in Postmenopausal Women after Ingestion of Chocolate with a High Concentration of Cocoa Open

Channa E. Marsh, Howard H. Carter, Kym J. Guelfi, Kurt J. Smith, Kerryn E. Pike , et al. · 2017

Regulation of cerebral blood flow and metabolism during exercise Open

Kurt J. Smith, Philip N. Ainslie · 2017

New Findings What is the topic of this review? The manuscript collectively combines the experimental observations from >100 publications focusing on the regulation of cerebral blood flow and metabolism during exercise from 1945 to the pres…

Effects of Exercise on Vascular Function, Structure, and Health in Humans Open

Daniel J. Green, Kurt J. Smith · 2017

Physical activity has profound impacts on the vasculature in humans. Acute exercise induces immediate changes in artery function, whereas repeated episodic bouts of exercise induce chronic functional adaptation and, ultimately, structural …

Shear-mediated dilation of the internal carotid artery occurs independent of hypercapnia Open

Ryan L. Hoiland, Kurt J. Smith, Howard H. Carter, Nia C. S. Lewis, Michael M. Tymko , et al. · 2017

Evidence for shear stress as a regulator of carotid artery dilation in response to increased arterial CO 2 was recently demonstrated in humans during sustained elevations in CO 2 (hypercapnia); however, the relative contributions of CO 2 a…

Cerebral Blood Flow During Exercise in Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Devices Open

Kurt J. Smith, N. Saurez, Andrew Maiorana, D. Green · 2017

Fuelling cortical excitability during exercise: what's the matter with delivery? Open

Kurt J. Smith · 2016

Identifying the role the brain plays in maintaining muscular force production through descending motor cortical spinal pathways (corticospinal excitability) during fatiguing exercise has eluded researchers for nearly two decades. Corticosp…

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