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View article: Human uterine natural killer cells regulate differentiation of extravillous trophoblast early in pregnancy
Human uterine natural killer cells regulate differentiation of extravillous trophoblast early in pregnancy Open
View article: Successful placentation in human pregnancy is regulated by reciprocal interactions between maternal uterine NK cells and fetal placental trophoblast
Successful placentation in human pregnancy is regulated by reciprocal interactions between maternal uterine NK cells and fetal placental trophoblast Open
Summary Fetal growth and development during human pregnancy depends on delivery of adequate maternal oxygen and nutrients to the fetus via the placenta. In humans, the balanced invasion of fetal placental trophoblast cells into the materna…
View article: How Do Uterine Natural Killer and Innate Lymphoid Cells Contribute to Successful Pregnancy?
How Do Uterine Natural Killer and Innate Lymphoid Cells Contribute to Successful Pregnancy? Open
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the most abundant immune cells in the uterine mucosa both before and during pregnancy. Circumstantial evidence suggests they play important roles in regulating placental development but exactly how they con…
View article: Trophoblast organoids as a model for maternal–fetal interactions during human placentation
Trophoblast organoids as a model for maternal–fetal interactions during human placentation Open
View article: DILT1D study profile and adaptive design.
DILT1D study profile and adaptive design. Open
(A) Flow chart showing the allocation of participants to the three predefined study populations: evaluable, safety, and analysis. (B) The study was conducted in two phases, a learning phase (140 d) and an adaptive phase (240 d). Individual…
View article: Participant characteristics and autoantibody status.
Participant characteristics and autoantibody status. Open
View article: Regulatory T cell primary endpoint.
Regulatory T cell primary endpoint. Open
(A) Percentage of Tregs was defined as the percentage of CD3+CD4+CD25highCD127low cells within the CD3+CD4+ gate measured. (B) Individual participant dose allocations and do…
View article: Lymphocyte responses to a dose of aldesleukin.
Lymphocyte responses to a dose of aldesleukin. Open
(A) Average response curves of the absolute change in lymphocyte count across the five dose groups (average baseline lymphocyte count 1.78 × 109/l, SE = 0.08, range 0.95–3.84, n = 39). (B) Three-dimensional plot of dose, …
View article: Effects of aldesleukin on NK CD56<sup>bright</sup> cell number, phenotypes, and proliferation.
Effects of aldesleukin on NK CD56<sup>bright</sup> cell number, phenotypes, and proliferation. Open
(A and B) NK CD56bright cells showed a rapid dose-dependent decline, with the majority of cells not in circulation at 90 min (NK CD56bright cells percent of lymphocytes: 0.41%, SE = 0.03%, range 0.09%–0.96%, n …
View article: Hyperacute regulatory T cell response to aldesleukin.
Hyperacute regulatory T cell response to aldesleukin. Open
(A) Treg proportions as a percent of CD4+ T cells (average Treg level 6.6%, SE = 0.2%, range 3.5%–10.7%, n = 39) and (B) Treg counts following injection of aldesleukin as measured by the clinical grade FACS assay in conju…
View article: Phenotypes of the residual circulating regulatory T cells at day 1.
Phenotypes of the residual circulating regulatory T cells at day 1. Open
(A and B) CD25 expression was increased on mTregs (average baseline CD25 MFI on mTreg = 7,412, SE = 181, range 5,119–9,393, n = 37). (C and D) Concurrently, there was a dose-dependent reduction in CD122 on mTregs in blood (baseline …
View article: Effects of aldesleukin on effector T cell number, phenotypes, and proliferation.
Effects of aldesleukin on effector T cell number, phenotypes, and proliferation. Open
(A) mTeffs were responsive to aldesleukin, with their frequencies as a percentage of non-regulatory CD4+ T cells altered in circulation (B), resulting in opposing effects, with lower doses leading to higher mTeff frequencies and…
View article: Aldesleukin upregulates CXCR3 and CCR6 on regulatory T cells.
Aldesleukin upregulates CXCR3 and CCR6 on regulatory T cells. Open
(A and B) Dose-dependent sustained increase in expression of CXCR3 on mTregs (CXCR3 average baseline MFI 2252 (45.08; 1783–3193) n = 35). (C and D) The increase in CCR6 expression by mTregs was maximal and dose dependent on Day 1 (C…
View article: Eosinophil response depends on baseline counts and aldesleukin dose.
Eosinophil response depends on baseline counts and aldesleukin dose. Open
(A) Eosinophil counts showed an initial transient decrease at 90 min in a hyperacute response to aldesleukin followed by a dose-dependent increase on day 1, with a return to baseline by day 3–4 (average baseline eosinophil count 0.15 × 10<…
View article: In vivo regulatory T cell phenotypes and functional responses to aldesleukin.
In vivo regulatory T cell phenotypes and functional responses to aldesleukin. Open
(A and B) mTregs had their maximum pSTAT5 response to treatment at 90 min, and a detectable response was sustained for up to 4 d at the higher doses and was dose dependent on day 1 with a cubic dose response (average baseline pSTAT5 MFI = …
View article: Regulatory T Cell Responses in Participants with Type 1 Diabetes after a Single Dose of Interleukin-2: A Non-Randomised, Open Label, Adaptive Dose-Finding Trial
Regulatory T Cell Responses in Participants with Type 1 Diabetes after a Single Dose of Interleukin-2: A Non-Randomised, Open Label, Adaptive Dose-Finding Trial Open
BACKGROUND: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has an essential role in the expansion and function of CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs reduce tissue damage by limiting the immune response following infection and regulate autoreactive CD4+ effector…
View article: Replication kinetics of poliovirus infection of suspension PER.C6cells with a cell density of 10<sup>7</sup> cells/ml at an MOI of 1 at 30°C and 37°C harvested between 0–48 hours post infection.
Replication kinetics of poliovirus infection of suspension PER.C6cells with a cell density of 10<sup>7</sup> cells/ml at an MOI of 1 at 30°C and 37°C harvested between 0–48 hours post infection. Open
Viruses used were Brunenders, Brunenders—with 14 CAVA mutations, MEF-1, MEF-1 –with 14 CAVA mutations, Sabin 3, Sabin 3 –with 14 CAVA mutations and the CAVA backbone virus (see overview of all viruses in Fig 2). The Sabin 3/Sabin 3–14 infe…
View article: Infectious titers and <i>in vivo</i> neurovirulence after intra cerebral inoculation of the CAVA vaccine strains as compared to the cIPV and Sabin strains.
Infectious titers and <i>in vivo</i> neurovirulence after intra cerebral inoculation of the CAVA vaccine strains as compared to the cIPV and Sabin strains. Open
Infectious titers and in vivo neurovirulence after intra cerebral inoculation of the CAVA vaccine strains as compared to the cIPV and Sabin strains.
View article: Reversion of the temperature sensitive phenotype by stepwise increase of the infection temperature.
Reversion of the temperature sensitive phenotype by stepwise increase of the infection temperature. Open
Serial passage was performed using CAVA-1 Mahoney in suspension PER.C6 cells infected at a cell density of 107 cells/ml at low MOI (0.01) and harvested at 3–4 days post infection. Temperature was gradually increased (33–37°C) or…
View article: <i>In vivo</i> immunogenicity of the CAVA vaccine strains as compared to cIPV.
<i>In vivo</i> immunogenicity of the CAVA vaccine strains as compared to cIPV. Open
Groups of ten (n = 10) rats were immunized with a full dose (FD: 100% 40:8:32 DU/dose or 150% 60:12:48 DU/dose) or a 1:2, 1:4 or 1:16 dilution of the full dose. Poliovirus type 1, 2 and 3-specific neutralizing antibody titers were determin…
View article: Electron micrographs of two representative cells per panel after infection of suspension PER.C6 cells with a cell density of 10<sup>7</sup> cells/ml at an MOI of 1, harvested between 24–48 hours post infection.
Electron micrographs of two representative cells per panel after infection of suspension PER.C6 cells with a cell density of 10<sup>7</sup> cells/ml at an MOI of 1, harvested between 24–48 hours post infection. Open
Panel A) PBS (Mock) infected cells, Panel B) Mahoney infection at 37°C, Panel C) CAVA-1 Mahoney at 37°C, Panel D) CAVA-1 Mahoney at 30°C.
View article: Quantification of poliovirus infectious units (by infectious titer determination, Panel A), viral RNA levels (by RTqPCR, Panel B) and viral proteins (by Western blot, Panel C) after infection of suspension PER.C6 cells with a cell density of 10<sup>7</sup> cells/ml at an MOI of 1 at 30°C and 37°C, harvested between 0–48 hours post infection.
Quantification of poliovirus infectious units (by infectious titer determination, Panel A), viral RNA levels (by RTqPCR, Panel B) and viral proteins (by Western blot, Panel C) after infection of suspension PER.C6 cells with a cell density of 10<sup>7</sup> cells/ml at an MOI of 1 at 30°C and 37°C, harvested between 0–48 hours post infection. Open
Viruses used were Brunenders (WT), Brunenders with the CAVA mutations in the IRES (IRES), Brunenders with the CAVA mutations in the Non-Structural proteins (NS), the CAVA-1 Mahoney (C1) vaccine strain and the CAVA backbone virus (CBB); Con…
View article: Multiple replication kinetics of infections in PER.C6 cells with a cell density of 10<sup>7</sup> cells/ml at an MOI of 1–2, at 30°C and 37°C, harvested at 0–48 hours post infection.
Multiple replication kinetics of infections in PER.C6 cells with a cell density of 10<sup>7</sup> cells/ml at an MOI of 1–2, at 30°C and 37°C, harvested at 0–48 hours post infection. Open
Panel A) Average and standard deviation of two (n = 2) replication kinetic curves of the Brunenders strain versus 3 selected clones (clone A, B and C) derived after passage with impaired growth at 37°C. Panel B) Average and standard deviat…
View article: Schematic overview of the viruses described here and their incorporated mutations.
Schematic overview of the viruses described here and their incorporated mutations. Open
Black vertical lines represent the synonymous CAVA mutations whilst red vertical lines represent non-synonymous CAVA mutations, dispersed over the poliovirus genome; a detailed description of the individual mutations is given in S1 Table. …
View article: Secondary RNA structure prediction of Domain II and Domain VI of the IRES in Brunenders and CAVA using the MFOLD program developed by M. Zuker.
Secondary RNA structure prediction of Domain II and Domain VI of the IRES in Brunenders and CAVA using the MFOLD program developed by M. Zuker. Open
Circled nucleotides (at positions 133, 142, 146, and 163 in domain II and at positions 597, 609 in domain VI) represent nucleotide changes between CAVA and Brunenders. The last remaining CAVA IRES mutation (nt579) lies outside of any IRES …