Leisha D. Nolen
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View article: Changes in Breast and Cervical Cancer Incidence by Stage at Diagnosis During the <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 Pandemic in Utah
Changes in Breast and Cervical Cancer Incidence by Stage at Diagnosis During the <span>COVID</span>‐19 Pandemic in Utah Open
Purpose The COVID‐19 pandemic caused unprecedented disruptions in healthcare access, resulting in significant delays in breast and cervical cancer screening and diagnostic services. This study examined whether there were changes in the sta…
View article: Previous Infection and Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination in Middle- and High-School Students
Previous Infection and Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination in Middle- and High-School Students Open
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Understanding the real-world impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mitigation measures, particularly vaccination, in children and adolescents in congregate settings remains importa…
View article: Evaluation of mortality risk after COVID-19 vaccination, Utah 2021
Evaluation of mortality risk after COVID-19 vaccination, Utah 2021 Open
View article: Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square in the Context of Prevention Protocols, Utah, September–November 2021
Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square in the Context of Prevention Protocols, Utah, September–November 2021 Open
Group singing and playing of wind instruments increase COVID-19 transmission risk. After a pause during the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic, The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square organization (hereinafter, Choir) resumed musical ev…
View article: Evaluating risk factors associated with COVID-19 infections among vaccinated people early in the U.S. vaccination campaign: an observational study of five states, January–March 2021
Evaluating risk factors associated with COVID-19 infections among vaccinated people early in the U.S. vaccination campaign: an observational study of five states, January–March 2021 Open
Background COVID-19 vaccines are an effective tool to prevent illness due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, infection after vaccination still occurs. We evaluated all infections identified among recipients of either the Pfizer-BioNTech or …
View article: High-Contact Object and Surface Contamination in a Household of Persons with <i>Monkeypox Virus</i> Infection — Utah, June 2022
High-Contact Object and Surface Contamination in a Household of Persons with <i>Monkeypox Virus</i> Infection — Utah, June 2022 Open
In May 2022, the Salt Lake County Health Department reported two real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed travel-associated cases of monkeypox to the Utah Department of Health and Human Services (UDHHS). The two persons with mon…
View article: Monkeypox in a Traveler Returning from Nigeria — Dallas, Texas, July 2021
Monkeypox in a Traveler Returning from Nigeria — Dallas, Texas, July 2021 Open
Monkeypox is a rare, sometimes life-threatening zoonotic infection that occurs in west and central Africa. It is caused by Monkeypox virus, an orthopoxvirus similar to Variola virus (the causative agent of smallpox) and Vaccinia virus (the…
View article: Estimating the number of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections among vaccinated individuals in the United States—January–July, 2021
Estimating the number of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections among vaccinated individuals in the United States—January–July, 2021 Open
As of March 2021, three COVID-19 vaccines had been authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the United States. Each has substantial efficacy in preventing COVID-19. However, as efficacy from trials was <100% for…
View article: Mortality among Alaska Native Adults with Confirmed Hepatitis C Virus Infection Compared with the General Population in Alaska, 1995–2016
Mortality among Alaska Native Adults with Confirmed Hepatitis C Virus Infection Compared with the General Population in Alaska, 1995–2016 Open
Background. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection incidence rates in the United States have increased since 2010 as a byproduct of the opioid crisis despite the introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents in 2013. HCV infection is associate…
View article: Characteristics of Reported Deaths Among Fully Vaccinated Persons With Coronavirus Disease 2019—United States, January–April 2021
Characteristics of Reported Deaths Among Fully Vaccinated Persons With Coronavirus Disease 2019—United States, January–April 2021 Open
Background Vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are highly efficacious, but severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections do occur after vaccination. We characterized COVID-19 cases among fully vac…
View article: Additional file 2 of Evaluating risk factors associated with COVID-19 infections among vaccinated people early in the U.S. vaccination campaign: an observational study of five states, January–March 2021
Additional file 2 of Evaluating risk factors associated with COVID-19 infections among vaccinated people early in the U.S. vaccination campaign: an observational study of five states, January–March 2021 Open
Additional file 2. COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough case data and vaccinated population data used for analyses, stratified by state, vaccine manufacturer, age category, sex, week of second vaccine dose, case count, and person-weeks at risk.
View article: Estimating the number of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections among vaccinated individuals in the United States—January–July, 2021
Estimating the number of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections among vaccinated individuals in the United States—January–July, 2021 Open
As of March 2021, three COVID-19 vaccines had been authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the United States. Each has substantial efficacy in preventing COVID-19. However, as efficacy from trials was <100% for…
View article: Monitoring Incidence of COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Deaths, by Vaccination Status — 13 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4–July 17, 2021
Monitoring Incidence of COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Deaths, by Vaccination Status — 13 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4–July 17, 2021 Open
COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infection surveillance helps monitor trends in disease incidence and severe outcomes in fully vaccinated persons, including the impact of the highly transmissible B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of SARS-CoV-2, the v…
View article: Estimating the number of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections among vaccinated individuals in the United States—January–April, 2021
Estimating the number of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections among vaccinated individuals in the United States—January–April, 2021 Open
As of March 2021, three COVID-19 vaccines have been authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the United States. Each has substantial efficacy in preventing COVID-19. However, as efficacy from trials was <100% fo…
View article: HBV Genotype: A Significant Risk Factor in Determining Which Patients With Chronic HBV Infection Should Undergo Surveillance for HCC: The Hepatitis B Alaska Study
HBV Genotype: A Significant Risk Factor in Determining Which Patients With Chronic HBV Infection Should Undergo Surveillance for HCC: The Hepatitis B Alaska Study Open
Background and Aims Information is limited regarding HBV genotype and the outcome of chronic HBV (CHB) infection. We examined the effect of HBV genotype on HCC occurrence in Alaska Native (AN) persons with CHB, where five HBV genotypes are…
View article: Genomic Diversity of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Serotype a in an Outbreak Community—Alaska, 2018
Genomic Diversity of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Serotype a in an Outbreak Community—Alaska, 2018 Open
Background Haemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia) can cause severe invasive disease, especially in young children. In 2018, 4 invasive Hia cases occurred in an Alaska community. We used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to evaluate the relati…
View article: Gastric Cancer in Alaska Native and American Indian People Living in Alaska, 1990–2017
Gastric Cancer in Alaska Native and American Indian People Living in Alaska, 1990–2017 Open
INTRODUCTION: Alaska Native (AN) people experience a high burden of gastric cancer compared with other US Native and non-Native populations. Previous reports have suggested that gastric cancer in AN people occurs at a younger age and is a …
View article: COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reported to CDC — United States, January 1–April 30, 2021
COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reported to CDC — United States, January 1–April 30, 2021 Open
COVID-19 vaccines are a critical tool for controlling the ongoing global pandemic. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued Emergency Use Authorizations for three COVID-19 vaccines for use in the United States.* In large, randomiz…
View article: Evaluation of Abbott BinaxNOW Rapid Antigen Test for SARS-CoV-2 Infection at Two Community-Based Testing Sites — Pima County, Arizona, November 3–17, 2020
Evaluation of Abbott BinaxNOW Rapid Antigen Test for SARS-CoV-2 Infection at Two Community-Based Testing Sites — Pima County, Arizona, November 3–17, 2020 Open
Rapid antigen tests, such as the Abbott BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card (BinaxNOW), offer results more rapidly (approximately 15-30 minutes) and at a lower cost than do highly sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) (1). Rapid antigen…
View article: Hepatitis B virus elimination status and strategies in circumpolar countries, 2020
Hepatitis B virus elimination status and strategies in circumpolar countries, 2020 Open
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global health threat. The World Health Organization (WHO) established a goal to eliminate HBV infection as a public health threat by 2030, and defined targets for key interventions to achieve tha…
View article: Hepatitis B virus elimination status and strategies in circumpolar countries, 2020
Hepatitis B virus elimination status and strategies in circumpolar countries, 2020 Open
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global health threat. The World Health Organization (WHO) established a goal to eliminate HBV infection as a public health threat by 2030, and defined targets for key interventions to achieve tha…
View article: 641. Carriage and Genetics of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Serotype A (Hia) in Alaska, 2018
641. Carriage and Genetics of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Serotype A (Hia) in Alaska, 2018 Open
Background Haemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia) is an important cause of infection among Alaska Native children. In 2018, 4 invasive Hia cases (iHia) occurred in an Alaska community. Our response aimed to prevent more iHia and evaluate …
View article: Impact of Social Distancing and Travel Restrictions on Non–Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Non–COVID-19) Respiratory Hospital Admissions in Young Children in Rural Alaska
Impact of Social Distancing and Travel Restrictions on Non–Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Non–COVID-19) Respiratory Hospital Admissions in Young Children in Rural Alaska Open
Hospitalizations due to non-coronavirus disease 2019 (non-COVID-19) respiratory illnesses decreased dramatically after social distancing was implemented in a high-risk population in rural Alaska; an unprecedented decline compared to the pa…
View article: Vaccination Status of Alaska Native Persons With Hepatitis A Virus Infection—Alaska, 1996–2018
Vaccination Status of Alaska Native Persons With Hepatitis A Virus Infection—Alaska, 1996–2018 Open
Following increases in reported cases of hepatitis A, we assessed the impact of hepatitis A vaccine in Alaska Native persons. During 1996–2018, only 6 cases of hepatitis A were identified, all in unvaccinated adults. Populations can be pro…
View article: Hepatitis A vaccine immunogenicity 25 years after vaccination in Alaska
Hepatitis A vaccine immunogenicity 25 years after vaccination in Alaska Open
The hepatitis A vaccine is recommended for all children greater than or equal to 1 year of age, however, the duration of vaccine protection is unknown and protection through adulthood is crucial to prevent symptomatic hepatitis later in li…
View article: Presence of Antibodies Against <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Serotype a in Alaska Before and After the Emergence of Invasive Infections
Presence of Antibodies Against <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Serotype a in Alaska Before and After the Emergence of Invasive Infections Open
Background Haemophilus influenzae bacteria can cause asymptomatic carriage and invasive disease. Haemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia) is an emerging cause of invasive disease in Alaska, with greatest burden occurring among rural Alaska …
View article: <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>Serotype a (Hia) Carriage in a Small Alaska Community After a Cluster of Invasive Hia Disease, 2018
<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>Serotype a (Hia) Carriage in a Small Alaska Community After a Cluster of Invasive Hia Disease, 2018 Open
Background Between May and July 2018, 4 Haemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia) infections occurred in a remote Alaska community. We performed a public health response to prevent further illness and understand Hia carriage. Methods We coll…
View article: Asymptomatic and Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Residents of a Long-Term Care Skilled Nursing Facility — King County, Washington, March 2020
Asymptomatic and Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Residents of a Long-Term Care Skilled Nursing Facility — King County, Washington, March 2020 Open
Older adults are susceptible to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes as a consequence of their age and, in some cases, underlying health conditions (1). A COVID-19 outbreak in a long-term care skilled nursing facility (SNF) …
View article: COVID-19 in a Long-Term Care Facility — King County, Washington, February 27–March 9, 2020
COVID-19 in a Long-Term Care Facility — King County, Washington, February 27–March 9, 2020 Open
On February 28, 2020, a case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was identified in a woman resident of a long-term care skilled nursing facility (facility A) in King County, Washington.* Epidemiologic investigation of facility A identified 1…
View article: Combating Gastric Cancer in Alaska Native People: An Expert and Community Symposium
Combating Gastric Cancer in Alaska Native People: An Expert and Community Symposium Open