Léon Chafik
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View article: New Global Mean Dynamic Topography CNES-CLS-22 Combining Drifters, Hydrography Profiles and High Frequency Radar Data
New Global Mean Dynamic Topography CNES-CLS-22 Combining Drifters, Hydrography Profiles and High Frequency Radar Data Open
The mean dynamic topography (MDT) is a key reference surface for altimetry. It is needed for the calculation of the ocean absolute dynamic topography, and under the geostrophic approximation, the estimation of surface currents. CNES-CLS MD…
View article: The Nordic Seas overturning is modulated by northward-propagating thermohaline anomalies
The Nordic Seas overturning is modulated by northward-propagating thermohaline anomalies Open
The inflow of warm waters into the Nordic Seas, crucial for sustaining the climate-regulating Atlantic overturning circulation, can be reconstructed from hydrography using a north-south dynamic height gradient across the Greenland-Scotland…
View article: A Comparative Study of Velocity and Transport Estimates Along the Oleander Line Between Bermuda and New Jersey
A Comparative Study of Velocity and Transport Estimates Along the Oleander Line Between Bermuda and New Jersey Open
The Oleander project, a program to monitor upper ocean currents between Bermuda and New Jersey, started in fall 1992, at about the same time modern satellite altimetry began. This study has two purposes. First, it revisits earlier work tha…
View article: When Simplification Leads to Ambiguity: A Look at Two Ocean Metrics for the Subpolar North Atlantic
When Simplification Leads to Ambiguity: A Look at Two Ocean Metrics for the Subpolar North Atlantic Open
The AMOC FINGERPRINT and GYRE INDEX are two widely used metrics by the oceanographic community to assess whether northward ocean heat transport, and consequently temperature variability in the subpolar North Atlantic, is primarily governed…
View article: Lagrangian View of Atlantic Water Pathways toward the North Sea
Lagrangian View of Atlantic Water Pathways toward the North Sea Open
The influence of subpolar North Atlantic hydrographic conditions on the North Sea is well recognized, yet the precise pathways taken by Atlantic Water to reach its gateway remain uncertain. Using satellite-derived velocity fields, we map t…
View article: Interplay of atmosphere and ocean amplifies summer marine extremes in the Barents Sea at different timescales
Interplay of atmosphere and ocean amplifies summer marine extremes in the Barents Sea at different timescales Open
Marine extremes are recognized to cause severe ecosystem and socioeconomic impacts. However, in polar regions, such as the Barents Sea, the driving mechanisms of these extremes remain poorly understood and require careful consideration of …
View article: Thank You to Our 2023 Peer Reviewers
Thank You to Our 2023 Peer Reviewers Open
Thank you to the 1396 reviewers who provided 2328 reviews during 2023 to ensure the quality and integrity of JGR‐Oceans manuscripts.
View article: The Irminger Gyre as a Key Driver of the Subpolar North Atlantic Overturning
The Irminger Gyre as a Key Driver of the Subpolar North Atlantic Overturning Open
The lower limb of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is the equatorward flow of dense waters formed through the cooling and freshening of the poleward‐flowing upper limb. In the subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA), upper lim…
View article: Contrasting future changes in the North Atlantic and Nordic Seas overturning circulations
Contrasting future changes in the North Atlantic and Nordic Seas overturning circulations Open
The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) carries warm and saline waters northwards near the surface and cold, dense waters southwards at depth. The northward branch of the AMOC terminates north of the Greenland-Scotland Ridge…
View article: Observed mechanisms activating the recent subpolar North Atlantic Warming since 2016
Observed mechanisms activating the recent subpolar North Atlantic Warming since 2016 Open
The overturning circulation of the subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA) plays a fundamental role in Earth’s climate variability and change. Here, we show from observations that the recent warming period since about 2016 in the eastern SPNA invol…
View article: Thank You to Our 2022 Peer Reviewers
Thank You to Our 2022 Peer Reviewers Open
Plain Language Summary Thank you to the 1528 reviewers who provided 2647 reviews during 2022 to ensure the high quality and integrity of JGR‐Oceans manuscripts.
View article: The Irminger Gyre as a key driver of the subpolar North Atlantic overturning on monthly timescales
The Irminger Gyre as a key driver of the subpolar North Atlantic overturning on monthly timescales Open
The lower limb of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is the equatorward flow of dense waters that have been transformed due to the cooling and freshening of the poleward-flowing upper limb. In the subpolar North Atlanti…
View article: The Faroe‐Shetland Channel Jet: Structure, Variability, and Driving Mechanisms
The Faroe‐Shetland Channel Jet: Structure, Variability, and Driving Mechanisms Open
The Faroe‐Bank Channel (FBC) is a key gateway through which dense overflow water of the Nordic Seas supplies the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Most recently, it was discovered that a deep jet through the Fa…
View article: The AMOC needs a universally-accepted definition
The AMOC needs a universally-accepted definition Open
The debate over the historical and future evolution of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) has united scientists around a single topic, but this community has yet to unite around a single definition of the AMOC. In an ef…
View article: Irminger Sea Is the Center of Action for Subpolar AMOC Variability
Irminger Sea Is the Center of Action for Subpolar AMOC Variability Open
Significant societally important climate impacts can be caused by changes in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) at higher latitudes. Focusing on variability and long‐term change of the subpolar North Atl…
View article: Linking Coherent Anticyclonic Eddies in the Iceland Basin to Decadal Oceanic Variability in the Subpolar North Atlantic
Linking Coherent Anticyclonic Eddies in the Iceland Basin to Decadal Oceanic Variability in the Subpolar North Atlantic Open
The Iceland Basin in the eastern Subpolar North Atlantic is an eddy‐rich region characterized by intense anticyclonic eddy activity. Our study present the variability of coherent Anticyclonic Eddies (AEs) generated in this region, using sa…
View article: Future increase in Nordic Seas overturning as a response to enhanced horizontal circulation
Future increase in Nordic Seas overturning as a response to enhanced horizontal circulation Open
<p>The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) carries warm and saline water toward the Arctic. The North Atlantic is separated from the Arctic by the Nordic Seas. Here, the warm Atlantic inflow across the Greenland-Scotla…
View article: Connecting the North Atlantic subpolar gyre and the northern European shelf seas: a satellite-based Lagrangian perspective
Connecting the North Atlantic subpolar gyre and the northern European shelf seas: a satellite-based Lagrangian perspective Open
<p>Understanding the impact of oceanic climate variability on shelf seas requires knowledge of their water-mass origins and associated pathways. Furthermore, identifying the dominant driving mechanisms responsible for water-mass vari…
View article: Sea-level variability and change along the Norwegian coast between 2003 and 2018 from satellite altimetry, tide gauges, and hydrography
Sea-level variability and change along the Norwegian coast between 2003 and 2018 from satellite altimetry, tide gauges, and hydrography Open
Sea-level variations in coastal areas can differ significantly from those in the nearby open ocean. Monitoring coastal sea-level variations is therefore crucial to understand how climate variability can affect the densely populated coastal…
View article: Rapid Communication of Upper‐Ocean Salinity Anomaly to Deep Waters of the Iceland Basin Indicates an AMOC Short‐Cut
Rapid Communication of Upper‐Ocean Salinity Anomaly to Deep Waters of the Iceland Basin Indicates an AMOC Short‐Cut Open
The mooring observations of the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program reveal a significant freshening of the Iceland Scotland overflow waters that did not involve the Nordic Seas, the source of the dense Deep North Atlantic Wa…
View article: A Satellite‐Based Lagrangian Perspective on Atlantic Water Fractionation Between Arctic Gateways
A Satellite‐Based Lagrangian Perspective on Atlantic Water Fractionation Between Arctic Gateways Open
Warm Atlantic Water reaches the Arctic Ocean via two gateways: the Barents Sea Opening (BSO) and Fram Strait. Here, we study the near‐surface flow of the Atlantic Water in the Nordic Seas and its fractionation between these Arctic gateways…
View article: Subpolar Gyre and Temperature Drive Boreal Fish Abundance in Greenland Waters
Subpolar Gyre and Temperature Drive Boreal Fish Abundance in Greenland Waters Open
As result of ocean warming, marine boreal species shift distribution poleward and increase in abundance at higher latitudes. A key to predict the impact of warming on these species is to disentangle the roles of anthropogenically induced c…
View article: The Norwegian Sea Gyre – A Regulator of Iceland-Scotland Ridge Exchanges
The Norwegian Sea Gyre – A Regulator of Iceland-Scotland Ridge Exchanges Open
The Norwegian Sea gyre (NSG) is a large body of Arctic intermediate water and deep dense overflow waters, which circulate counterclockwise within the Norwegian Sea. Argo float trajectories presented in this study suggest that the NSG attai…
View article: Sea-level variability and change along the Norwegian coast between 2003 and 2018 from satellite altimetry, tide gauges and hydrography
Sea-level variability and change along the Norwegian coast between 2003 and 2018 from satellite altimetry, tide gauges and hydrography Open
Sea-level variations in coastal areas can differ significantly from those in the nearby open ocean. Monitoring coastal sea-level variations is therefore crucial to understand how climate variability can affect the densely populated coastal…
View article: Validation of the ALES Coastal Altimetry Dataset against the Norwegian Tide Gauges
Validation of the ALES Coastal Altimetry Dataset against the Norwegian Tide Gauges Open
<p>Satellite altimetry measurements, complemented by in-situ records, have made a fundamental contribution to the understanding of global sea level variability for almost 30 years. Due to land contamination, it performs best over the…
View article: Mechanisms of decadal North Atlantic climate variability and implications for the recent cold anomaly
Mechanisms of decadal North Atlantic climate variability and implications for the recent cold anomaly Open
<p>There has recently been a large focus on identifying the mechanisms responsible for Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV). However, decadal-scale variability embedded within the AMV has received less attention, despite being a p…