Brian E. Leonard
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View article: COVID-19 as a polymorphic inflammatory spectrum of diseases: a review with focus on the brain
COVID-19 as a polymorphic inflammatory spectrum of diseases: a review with focus on the brain Open
There appear to be huge variations and aberrations in the reported data in COVID-19 2 years now into the pandemic. Conflicting data exist at almost every level and also in the reported epidemiological statistics across different regions. I…
View article: Cannabinoids and neuroinflammation: Therapeutic implications
Cannabinoids and neuroinflammation: Therapeutic implications Open
This review summarizes the pharmacological properties of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinoid components of several species of herbal cannabis. The pharmacological effects of the phytocannabinoids have been extensi…
View article: UniMorph 4.0: Universal Morphology
UniMorph 4.0: Universal Morphology Open
The Universal Morphology (UniMorph) project is a collaborative effort providing broad-coverage instantiated normalized morphological inflection tables for hundreds of diverse world languages. The project comprises two major thrusts: a lang…
View article: Long COVID, neuropsychiatric disorders, psychotropics, present and future
Long COVID, neuropsychiatric disorders, psychotropics, present and future Open
Long COVID refers to the lingering symptoms which persist or appear after the acute illness. The dominant long COVID symptoms in the two years since the pandemic began (2020–2021) have been depression, anxiety, fatigue, concentration and c…
View article: Treatment-induced mood switching in affective disorders
Treatment-induced mood switching in affective disorders Open
Many patients under treatment for mood disorders, in particular patients with bipolar mood disorders, experience episodes of mood switching from one state to another. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the mechanism of mood s…
View article: Inflammatory neuropsychiatric disorders and COVID-19 neuroinflammation
Inflammatory neuropsychiatric disorders and COVID-19 neuroinflammation Open
Neuropsychiatric sequalae to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection are beginning to emerge, like previous Spanish influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome episodes. Streptococcal infection in paediatric patients causing obse…
View article: Seminars in Clinical Psychopharmacology
Seminars in Clinical Psychopharmacology Open
This greatly expanded third edition provides a comprehensive overview of clinical psychopharmacology, incorporating the major advances in the field since the previous edition's publication. Renowned experts from psychiatry, pharmacy, and n…
View article: Non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches for psychiatric disorders: Re-appraisal and insights from zebrafish models
Non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches for psychiatric disorders: Re-appraisal and insights from zebrafish models Open
Acute and chronic stressors are common triggers of human mental illnesses. Experimental animal models and their cross-species translation to humans are critical for understanding of the pathogenesis of stress-related psychiatric disorders.…
View article: Inflammation, insulin resistance and the pathophysiology of depression: implications for novel antidepressant developments
Inflammation, insulin resistance and the pathophysiology of depression: implications for novel antidepressant developments Open
This review summarises the impact of chronic low grade inflammation as a causative factor in the pathophysiology of major depression. Evidence is presented to show that proinflammatory cytokines both directly, and indirectly by increasing …
View article: Inflammation, insulin resistance and neuroprogression in depression
Inflammation, insulin resistance and neuroprogression in depression Open
Chronic low-grade inflammation has been observed in major depression and other major psychiatric disorders and has been implicated in metabolic changes that are commonly associated with these disorders. This raises the possibility that the…
View article: Irish farm succession and inheritance; an examination of farmers’ economic decision-making strategies as socially-constructed risk assessment
Irish farm succession and inheritance; an examination of farmers’ economic decision-making strategies as socially-constructed risk assessment Open
Intergenerational farm transfer is increasingly viewed as fundamental to the sustainability and development of global agriculture, with an expectation that younger farmers, with more effective and efficient production practices, will enter…
View article: Animal models of major depressive disorder and the implications for drug discovery and development
Animal models of major depressive disorder and the implications for drug discovery and development Open
Depression is a highly debilitating psychiatric disorder that affects the global population and causes severe disabilities and suicide. Depression pathogenesis remains poorly understood, and the disorder is often treatment-resistant and re…
View article: Animal inflammation-based models of depression and their application to drug discovery
Animal inflammation-based models of depression and their application to drug discovery Open
Depression, anxiety and other affective disorders are globally widespread and severely debilitating human brain diseases. Despite their high prevalence and mental health impact, affective pathogenesis is poorly understood, and often remain…
View article: Inflammation and depression: a causal or coincidental link to the pathophysiology?
Inflammation and depression: a causal or coincidental link to the pathophysiology? Open
This review summarises the evidence that chronic low grade inflammation triggers changes that contribute to the mental and physical ill health of patients with major depression. Inflammation, and the activation of the hypothalamic pituitar…
View article: The Potential of Farm Partnerships to Facilitate Farm Succession and Inheritance
The Potential of Farm Partnerships to Facilitate Farm Succession and Inheritance Open
The rising average age of farmers and low level of young farmer entry is viewed as problematic on a global scale and farm partnerships are presented as a possible means by which farm succession and inheritance could take place in a timely …