Libertad González
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View article: The short- and long-term effects of family-friendly policies on mothers’ employment
The short- and long-term effects of family-friendly policies on mothers’ employment Open
Countries often encourage part-time work among new parents as part of their family policies, aiming to foster mothers' labor market attachment. However, this approach may unintentionally impede women's long-term career prospects. We examin…
View article: Mothers' school starting age and infant health
Mothers' school starting age and infant health Open
We study the effects of women's school starting age on the infant health of their offspring. In Spain, children born in December start school a year earlier than those born the following January, despite being essentially the same age. We …
View article: Gender Inequality in Paid and Unpaid Work During Covid‐19 Times
Gender Inequality in Paid and Unpaid Work During Covid‐19 Times Open
We employ real‐time household data to study the impact of the pandemic lockdown on paid and unpaid work in Spain. We document large employment losses that affected more severely low‐skilled workers and to some extent college educated women…
View article: Gene‐Environment Effects on Female Fertility
Gene‐Environment Effects on Female Fertility Open
Fertility has a strong biological component generally ignored by economists. Using the UK Biobank, we analyze the extent to which genes, proxied by polygenic scores, and the environment, proxied by early exposure to the contraceptive pill …
View article: Maternal Age and Infant Health
Maternal Age and Infant Health Open
We study the effects of maternal age on infant health. Age at birth has been increasing for the past several decades in many countries, and correlations show that health at birth is worse for children born to older mothers. In order to ide…
View article: Inequality in mortality between Black and White Americans by age, place, and cause and in comparison to Europe, 1990 to 2018
Inequality in mortality between Black and White Americans by age, place, and cause and in comparison to Europe, 1990 to 2018 Open
Significance From 1990 to 2018, the Black–White American life expectancy gap fell 48.9% and mortality inequality decreased, although progress stalled after 2012 as life expectancy plateaued. Had improvements continued at the 1990 to 2012 r…
View article: Inequality in Mortality between Black and White Americans by Age, Place, and Cause, and in Comparison to Europe, 1990-2018
Inequality in Mortality between Black and White Americans by Age, Place, and Cause, and in Comparison to Europe, 1990-2018 Open
Although there is a large gap between Black and White American life expectancies, the gap fell 48.9% between 1990-2018, mainly due to mortality declines among Black Americans. We examine age-specific mortality trends and racial gaps in lif…
View article: The causal effect of an income shock on children’s human capital
The causal effect of an income shock on children’s human capital Open
We investigate the causal impact of a generous unconditional cash transfer at birth on children's later health outcomes and academic performance. Using rich administrative data, we take advantage of the unexpected introduction of a “baby b…
View article: Inequality in Mortality in Spain*
Inequality in Mortality in Spain* Open
We analyse the evolution of mortality rates in Spain by age and gender between 1990 and 2018. We compare municipalities, ranked by socio‐economic status (SES) and grouped into bins of similar population size, to study changes not only in l…
View article: Cash Transfers and Fertility
Cash Transfers and Fertility Open
We study the effects of a universal child benefit on fertility, identifying separately the effects driven by conceptions and abortions. We focus on a generous lump-sum maternity allowance that was introduced in Spain in 2007 and cancelled …
View article: Should divorce be easier or harder
Should divorce be easier or harder Open
Many countries have enacted legislation over the past few decades making divorce easier. Some countries have legalized divorce where it had previously been banned, and many have eased the conditions required for a divorce, such as allowing…
View article: Inequality in Mortality between Black and White Americans by Age, Place, and Cause, and in Comparison to Europe, 1990-2018
Inequality in Mortality between Black and White Americans by Age, Place, and Cause, and in Comparison to Europe, 1990-2018 Open
Although there is a large gap between Black and White American life expectancies, the gap fell 48.9% between 1990-2018, mainly due to mortality declines among Black Americans. We examine age-specific mortality trends and racial gaps in lif…
View article: Political Instability and Birth Outcomes: Evidence from the 1981 Military Coup in Spain
Political Instability and Birth Outcomes: Evidence from the 1981 Military Coup in Spain Open
We study the effect of exposure to political instability in-utero on health at birth. We exploit the coup d'etat that took place in Spain on February 23, 1981. Although short-lived and unsuccessful, the event generated stress and fear amon…
View article: Cash transfers and fertility: How the introduction and cancellation of a child benefit affected births and abortions
Cash transfers and fertility: How the introduction and cancellation of a child benefit affected births and abortions Open
We study the effects of a universal child benefit on fertility, identifying separately the effects driven by conceptions and abortions. We focus on a generous lump-sum maternity allowance that was introduced in Spain in 2007 and cancelled …
View article: Political Instability and Birth Outcomes: Evidence from the 1981 Military Coup in Spain
Political Instability and Birth Outcomes: Evidence from the 1981 Military Coup in Spain Open
We study the effect of exposure to political instability in-utero on health at birth. We exploit the coup d'état that took place in Spain on February 23, 1981. Although short-lived and unsuccessful, the event generated stress and fear amon…