Longwu Wang
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View article: Transmission of Urgency Levels in the Alarm Calls of the Oriental Reed Warbler
Transmission of Urgency Levels in the Alarm Calls of the Oriental Reed Warbler Open
Many animals communicate predator‐related information to conspecifics through alarm calls that exhibit acoustic structural variations encoding key parameters such as predator type, body size, and urgency of danger. In previous studies, the…
View article: Egg Retrieval as a Cognitive Indicator in Cuckoo Hosts
Egg Retrieval as a Cognitive Indicator in Cuckoo Hosts Open
Egg retrieval behavior in hosts within avian brood parasitism systems was found to be regulated by the motivation to reject parasitic eggs. However, due to the limitations in the research systems, there is a lack of effective validation re…
View article: Cuckoo eyes are an important identification cue for the Oriental reed warbler host
Cuckoo eyes are an important identification cue for the Oriental reed warbler host Open
Successful recognition of parasites through effective identification cues can reduce the cost of anti-parasitic defenses by the host. Features on the front of the body such as the eyes may be important clues for the prey to perceive and re…
View article: Recognition and utilization of egg maculation signals by two sympatric host species
Recognition and utilization of egg maculation signals by two sympatric host species Open
Egg color polymorphism and egg mimicry are important adaptations in the game process between hosts and brood parasites at the egg stage. The ability of hosts to recognize and reject parasitic eggs based on effective egg characteristics is …
View article: Cuckoo Hosts Fine‐Tune Their Egg Rejection After Experiencing a Parasitism Event
Cuckoo Hosts Fine‐Tune Their Egg Rejection After Experiencing a Parasitism Event Open
Recognising and rejecting parasitic eggs is one of the most common anti‐parasitism strategies used by host birds. However, the egg rejection of some hosts exhibits behavioural plasticity. To investigate whether the egg rejection behaviour …
View article: Nestlings of two parrotbill species can independently evaluate the presence of predators based on acoustic cues
Nestlings of two parrotbill species can independently evaluate the presence of predators based on acoustic cues Open
Nest predation is the leading cause of reproductive failure in birds and a major driving force in the evolution of anti-predation strategies. Current studies on the anti-predation strategies of birds driven by predation pressure have mainl…
View article: Three sympatric host nestlings eavesdrop on cuckoo nestling distress calls
Three sympatric host nestlings eavesdrop on cuckoo nestling distress calls Open
In predator–prey interactions, the prey faces extreme challenges from predation, which drives the evolution of defense or anti‐predator mechanisms. Compared with adult birds, nestlings are more vulnerable but not helpless. However, data on…
View article: Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) nestlings adapt their begging behavior to the host signal system
Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) nestlings adapt their begging behavior to the host signal system Open
Common Cuckoos (Cuculus canorus) dependent on parental care for post-hatching demonstrate an intriguing ability to modify their begging vocalizations to ensure maximum care and resources from their interspecific foster parents. Here, we co…
View article: Oriental Reed Warblers do not abandon Common Cuckoo chicks during prolonged nestling periods
Oriental Reed Warblers do not abandon Common Cuckoo chicks during prolonged nestling periods Open
The Oriental Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus orientalis) is one of the most commonly used hosts for the parasitic Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). However, as hosts that feed unrelated parasitic nestlings may suffer extra reproductive costs, th…
View article: Why cuckoos remove host eggs: Biting eggs facilitates faster parasitic egg‐laying
Why cuckoos remove host eggs: Biting eggs facilitates faster parasitic egg‐laying Open
Brood parasitism by cuckoos relies on manipulating hosts to raise their offspring and has evolved stunning adaptations to aid in their deception. The fact that cuckoos usually but not always, remove one or two host eggs while laying their …
View article: Brood parasitism and egg recognition in three bunting hosts of the cuckoos
Brood parasitism and egg recognition in three bunting hosts of the cuckoos Open
Comparative studies of egg recognition and rejection between various sympatric hosts provide insight into the coevolutionary history of the hosts and parasites, as well as the degree of antagonism between the species. Although buntings are…
View article: Defense behavior of two closely related but geographically distant host species against cuckoo parasitism: A next test for the parallel coevolution
Defense behavior of two closely related but geographically distant host species against cuckoo parasitism: A next test for the parallel coevolution Open
Interactions between avian brood parasites, such as common cuckoos ( Cuculus canorus ), and their hosts are one of the best‐studied examples of the coevolutionary arms race. Different stages of this arms race can be seen in different races…
View article: Predation of Daurian redstarts offspring in nest boxes by the Oriental magpie‐robin and tree sparrow
Predation of Daurian redstarts offspring in nest boxes by the Oriental magpie‐robin and tree sparrow Open
Birds select suitable nest sites for breeding to ensure their own and offspring's survival; however, they inevitably suffer some potential predation risk. We studied the breeding ecology of Daurian redstarts ( Phoenicurus auroreus ) by pro…
View article: First description of injury feigning behavior in Godlewski's buntings
First description of injury feigning behavior in Godlewski's buntings Open
Nest defense behavior helps ground‐nesting birds improve their breeding success. Among such behaviors, injury feigning behavior (IFB) is one of the better ways to attract predators and protect birds' nests. IFB is generally associated with…
View article: Importance of cooperation: How host nest defenses effectively prevent brood parasitism from the cuckoos
Importance of cooperation: How host nest defenses effectively prevent brood parasitism from the cuckoos Open
As the frontline defense against avian brood parasitism, nest defense is important in reducing nest parasitism and increasing host fitness. However, systematic studies on its effectiveness (i.e., on whether it successfully prevents cuckoo …
View article: Egg rejection and egg recognition mechanism in a Chinese Azure-winged Magpie (Cyanopica cyanus) population
Egg rejection and egg recognition mechanism in a Chinese Azure-winged Magpie (Cyanopica cyanus) population Open
Recognition and rejection of foreign eggs are effective defense of hosts against brood parasitism. However, brood parasitism can impose various selection pressures on different geographic populations of the same host species. In a multiple…
View article: Fatal mobbing and attack of the common cuckoo by its warbler hosts
Fatal mobbing and attack of the common cuckoo by its warbler hosts Open
Nest defense is an effective strategy of hosts against parasites. Typically, hosts will aggressively attack brood parasites that approach or visit their nests, which can prevent the parasites from laying eggs or may even lead to the death …
View article: Experimental evidence that cuckoos preferentially parasitize host nests early in their laying cycle
Experimental evidence that cuckoos preferentially parasitize host nests early in their laying cycle Open
Brood parasites, such as the Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), rely on manipulating hosts from other species to raise their offspring. Selection should favor individuals that are able to identify and choose host nests that closely match the…
View article: Nest Size Matters: Common Cuckoos Prefer to Parasitize Larger Nests of Oriental Reed Warblers
Nest Size Matters: Common Cuckoos Prefer to Parasitize Larger Nests of Oriental Reed Warblers Open
BackgroundAvian brood parasites leave parental care of their offspring to foster parents. Theory predicts that parasites should select for large host nests when they have sufficient available host nests at a given time. We developed an emp…
View article: Common cuckoo females remove more conspicuous eggs during parasitism
Common cuckoo females remove more conspicuous eggs during parasitism Open
Avian obligate brood parasites gain an advantage by removing the eggs of the cuckoos who have already visited the nest, which can increase the chances of survival for their offspring. Conversely, to prevent their eggs from being picked up …
View article: Warblers perform less nest defense behavior and alarm calls to human intruders: A result of habituation
Warblers perform less nest defense behavior and alarm calls to human intruders: A result of habituation Open
Human disturbance is caused by the anthropogenic activities in the environment. While human threat to wildlife is considered to be complex (nonlethal recreations and lethal hunting activities). To date, there has been few studies that focu…
View article: Cuckoos use host egg number to choose host nests for parasitism
Cuckoos use host egg number to choose host nests for parasitism Open
To maximize their offspring success common cuckoo ( Cuculus canorus ) females should lay their eggs into host nests before incubation has begun. This ensures that the parasite chick hatches before all host chicks and can evict its foster s…
View article: Regional Geological Survey of Hanggai, Xianxia and Chuancun, Zhejiang Province in China
Regional Geological Survey of Hanggai, Xianxia and Chuancun, Zhejiang Province in China Open
This Open Access book introduces readers to the regional geology of Hanggai, Xianxia and Chuancun, the area between China's northern Zhejiang Province and southern Anhui Province and explores the strata, magmatic rocks and tectonic structu…