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View article: A Space Weather and Terrestrial Hazards Experiment for the MSTI Program
A Space Weather and Terrestrial Hazards Experiment for the MSTI Program Open
This paper discusses the instrumentation being built under BMDO auspices to construct a small, lightweight, low-cost satellite that provides measurements of local hazards affecting satellites in low-Earth orbit. In the following, we descri…
View article: <i>De novo</i> designed 3-helix bundle peptides and proteins with controlled topology and stability
<i>De novo</i> designed 3-helix bundle peptides and proteins with controlled topology and stability Open
Computational protein design is advancing rapidly. However, approaches and methods are needed to increase success rates and to elaborate designs. Here we describe the combination of rational and computational design to deliver three-helix …
View article: Determination of the Maximum Connection Power of Distributed Renewable Energy Sources Using the Digsilent Powerfactory Software
Determination of the Maximum Connection Power of Distributed Renewable Energy Sources Using the Digsilent Powerfactory Software Open
The liberalization of the electricity market, the transition from fossil fuels, and the ambitious goals for achieving climate neutrality strongly encourage the integration of distributed renewable energy sources. However, this shift can le…
View article: Evidence of Extreme-ultraviolet Resonant Excitation in the Middle Corona during a Solar Flare
Evidence of Extreme-ultraviolet Resonant Excitation in the Middle Corona during a Solar Flare Open
We present observations of an eruptive solar flare on 2016 January 6 that occurred behind the solar limb from the perspective of the Earth, but was well observed by the Solar-Terrestrial Relations Observatory (or STEREO) and the Solar Extr…
View article: <i>De novo</i> designed 3-helix bundle peptides and proteins with controlled topology and stability
<i>De novo</i> designed 3-helix bundle peptides and proteins with controlled topology and stability Open
Rational design yields topologically defined three-helix peptide assemblies and single-chain proteins. X-ray structures confirm atomic accuracy, with buried polar residues controlling structure and modulating stability.
View article: Determining the Nanoflare Heating Frequency of an X-Ray Bright Point Observed by MaGIXS
Determining the Nanoflare Heating Frequency of an X-Ray Bright Point Observed by MaGIXS Open
Nanoflares are thought to be one of the prime candidates that can heat the solar corona to its multimillion kelvin temperature. Individual nanoflares are difficult to detect with the present generation of instruments, but their presence ca…
View article: Determining the nanoflare heating frequency of an X-ray Bright Point observed by MaGIXS
Determining the nanoflare heating frequency of an X-ray Bright Point observed by MaGIXS Open
Nanoflares are thought to be one of the prime candidates that can heat the solar corona to its multi-million kelvin temperature. Individual nanoflares are difficult to detect with the present generation instruments, however their presence …
View article: The Multiview Observatory for Solar Terrestrial Science (MOST)
The Multiview Observatory for Solar Terrestrial Science (MOST) Open
Whitepaper #138 in the Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) 2024-2033. Main topics: basic research; infrastructure/workforce/other programmatic. Additional topics: solar physics; state of the profession; space-based mi…
View article: Fundamentals of impulsive energy release in the corona
Fundamentals of impulsive energy release in the corona Open
Whitepaper #364 in the Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) 2024-2033. Main topics: basic research. Additional topics: solar physics; space-based missions/projects; user-need-driven basic space weather research.
View article: The need for focused, hard X-ray investigations of the Sun
The need for focused, hard X-ray investigations of the Sun Open
Understanding accelerated particles at the Sun is one of the most important problems in heliophysics. Flare-accelerated particles have huge energies; are an important source of particles in the heliosphere; and are the most important corol…
View article: Observing Coronal Microscales and their Connection with Mesoscales
Observing Coronal Microscales and their Connection with Mesoscales Open
Whitepaper #330 in the Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) 2024-2033. Main topics: basic research. Additional topics: ground-based missions/projects; solar physics; space-based missions/projects; system science.
View article: A Strategy to Close Key Questions about the Middle Solar Corona During this Decade
A Strategy to Close Key Questions about the Middle Solar Corona During this Decade Open
The middle corona, the region roughly spanning heliocentric altitudes from 1.5-6 R ⊙ , encompasses almost all of the influential physical transitions and processes that govern the behavior of coronal outflow into the heliosphere.Eruptions …
View article: Fundamentals of impulsive energy release in the corona
Fundamentals of impulsive energy release in the corona Open
It is essential that there be coordinated and co-optimized observations in X-rays, gamma-rays, and EUV during the peak of solar cycle 26 (~2036) to significantly advance our understanding of impulsive energy release in the corona. The open…
View article: The need for focused, hard X-ray investigations of the Sun
The need for focused, hard X-ray investigations of the Sun Open
Understanding the nature of energetic particles in the solar atmosphere is one of the most important outstanding problems in heliophysics. Flare-accelerated particles compose a huge fraction of the flare energy budget; they have large infl…
View article: The First Flight of the Marshall Grazing Incidence X-Ray Spectrometer (MaGIXS)
The First Flight of the Marshall Grazing Incidence X-Ray Spectrometer (MaGIXS) Open
The Marshall Grazing Incidence X-ray Spectrometer (MaGIXS) sounding rocket experiment launched on 2021 July 30 from the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. MaGIXS is a unique solar observing telescope developed to capture X-ray spectr…
View article: The First Flight of the Marshall Grazing Incidence X-ray Spectrometer (MaGIXS)
The First Flight of the Marshall Grazing Incidence X-ray Spectrometer (MaGIXS) Open
The Marshall Grazing Incidence X-ray Spectrometer (MaGIXS) sounding rocket experiment launched on July 30, 2021 from the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. MaGIXS is a unique solar observing telescope developed to capture X-ray spect…
View article: Defining the Middle Corona
Defining the Middle Corona Open
The middle corona, the region roughly spanning heliocentric altitudes from $1.5$ to $6\,R_\odot$, encompasses almost all of the influential physical transitions and processes that govern the behavior of coronal outflow into the heliosphere…
View article: The Airborne Infrared Spectrometer: Development, Characterization, and the 2017 August 21 Eclipse Observation
The Airborne Infrared Spectrometer: Development, Characterization, and the 2017 August 21 Eclipse Observation Open
On 2017 August 21, the Airborne Infrared Spectrometer (AIR-Spec) observed the total solar eclipse at an altitude of 14 km from aboard the NSF/NCAR Gulfstream V research aircraft. The instrument successfully observed the five coronal emissi…
View article: New Observations of the IR Emission Corona from the 2019 July 2 Eclipse Flight of the Airborne Infrared Spectrometer
New Observations of the IR Emission Corona from the 2019 July 2 Eclipse Flight of the Airborne Infrared Spectrometer Open
The Airborne Infrared Spectrometer (AIR-Spec) was commissioned during the 2017 total solar eclipse, when it observed five infrared coronal emission lines from a Gulfstream V research jet owned by the National Science Foundation and operate…
View article: Parallel Plasma Loops and the Energization of the Solar Corona
Parallel Plasma Loops and the Energization of the Solar Corona Open
The outer atmosphere of the Sun is composed of plasma heated to temperatures well in excess of the visible surface. We investigate short cool and warm (<1 MK) loops seen in the core of an active region to address the role of field-line bra…
View article: Probing the Physics of the Solar Atmosphere with the Multi-slit Solar Explorer (MUSE). II. Flares and Eruptions
Probing the Physics of the Solar Atmosphere with the Multi-slit Solar Explorer (MUSE). II. Flares and Eruptions Open
Current state-of-the-art spectrographs cannot resolve the fundamental spatial (subarcseconds) and temporal (less than a few tens of seconds) scales of the coronal dynamics of solar flares and eruptive phenomena. The highest-resolution coro…
View article: Probing the Physics of the Solar Atmosphere with the Multi-slit Solar Explorer (MUSE). I. Coronal Heating
Probing the Physics of the Solar Atmosphere with the Multi-slit Solar Explorer (MUSE). I. Coronal Heating Open
The Multi-slit Solar Explorer (MUSE) is a proposed mission composed of a multislit extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrograph (in three spectral bands around 171 Å, 284 Å, and 108 Å) and an EUV context imager (in two passbands around 195 Å and…
View article: Calibration of the Marshall Grazing Incidence X-Ray Spectrometer Experiment. II. Flight Instrument Calibration
Calibration of the Marshall Grazing Incidence X-Ray Spectrometer Experiment. II. Flight Instrument Calibration Open
The Marshall Grazing Incidence X-ray Spectrometer (MaGIXS) is a sounding rocket experiment that observes the soft X-ray spectrum of the Sun from 6.0–24 Å (0.5–2.0 keV), successfully launched on 2021 July 30. End-to-end alignment of the fli…
View article: Calibration of the MaGIXS experiment II: Flight Instrument Calibration
Calibration of the MaGIXS experiment II: Flight Instrument Calibration Open
The Marshall Grazing Incidence X-ray Spectrometer (MaGIXS) is a sounding rocket experiment that observes the soft X-ray spectrum of the Sun from 6.0 - 24 Angstrom (0.5 - 2.0 keV), successfully launched on 30 July 2021. End-to-end alignment…
View article: High Resolution Soft X-ray Spectroscopy and the Quest for the Hot (5–10 MK) Plasma in Solar Active Regions
High Resolution Soft X-ray Spectroscopy and the Quest for the Hot (5–10 MK) Plasma in Solar Active Regions Open
We discuss the diagnostics available to study the 5–10 MK plasma in the solar corona, which is key to understanding the heating in the cores of solar active regions. We present several simulated spectra, and show that excellent diagnostics…
View article: Physical Characteristics of Unstructured Coronal Clouds
Physical Characteristics of Unstructured Coronal Clouds Open
Active regions in the inner solar corona, when observed in X-ray emission, consist of bright, hot loops surrounded by unstructured clouds. The emission from the clouds extends to a height of ≈4–5 × 10 4 km at temperatures of ≈2–3 MK. These…
View article: High Resolution Soft X-ray Spectroscopy and the Quest for the Hot (5–10 MK) Plasma in Solar Active Regions
High Resolution Soft X-ray Spectroscopy and the Quest for the Hot (5–10 MK) Plasma in Solar Active Regions Open
We discuss the diagnostics available to study the 5–10 MK plasma in the solar corona, which is key to understanding the heating in the cores of solar active regions. We present several simulated spectra, and show that excellent diagnostics…
View article: LUCI onboard Lagrange, the Next Generation of EUV Space Weather Monitoring
LUCI onboard Lagrange, the Next Generation of EUV Space Weather Monitoring Open
LUCI (Lagrange eUv Coronal Imager) is a solar imager in the Extreme UltraViolet (EUV) that is being developed as part of the Lagrange mission, a mission designed to be positioned at the L5 Lagrangian point to monitor space weather from its…
View article: Observation and Modeling of High-temperature Solar Active Region Emission during the High-resolution Coronal Imager Flight of 2018 May 29
Observation and Modeling of High-temperature Solar Active Region Emission during the High-resolution Coronal Imager Flight of 2018 May 29 Open
Excellent coordinated observations of NOAA active region 12712 were obtained during the flight of the High-resolution Coronal Imager (Hi-C) sounding rocket on 2018 May 29. This region displayed a typical active region core structure with r…