Lori Bird
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View article: Next generation of US policies for geothermal innovation
Next generation of US policies for geothermal innovation Open
Geothermal energy can provide 24/7 clean, dispatchable energy. Conventional geothermal represents less than 1 percent of US electricity generation and has experienced little growth over the past two decades. However, next-generation techno…
View article: Next-Generation Geothermal: Considerations and Opportunities for Responsible Development
Next-Generation Geothermal: Considerations and Opportunities for Responsible Development Open
This paper provides an overview of next-generation geothermal systems, including enhanced geothermal systems, closed-loop and superhot systems. It covers current developments within the industry, environmental impacts and policy options. W…
View article: Distributed Energy Resources as an Equity Asset: Lessons Learned from Deployments in Disadvantaged Communities
Distributed Energy Resources as an Equity Asset: Lessons Learned from Deployments in Disadvantaged Communities Open
For an Energy System to be truly equitable, it should provide affordable and reliable energy services to disadvantaged and underserved populations. Disadvantaged communities often face a combination of economic, social, health, and environ…
View article: Addressing Regulatory Burdens to Accessing Solar Among Municipal, Commercial and Institutional Customers Through Collaborative Partnerships (Final Technical Report)
Addressing Regulatory Burdens to Accessing Solar Among Municipal, Commercial and Institutional Customers Through Collaborative Partnerships (Final Technical Report) Open
The project focused on providing education to large energy customers, with a focus on local governments, to help them better understand and overcome barriers to solar energy adoption that currently exist (or could exist) in utility plannin…
View article: C-E (curtailment – Energy share) map: An objective and quantitative measure to evaluate wind and solar curtailment
C-E (curtailment – Energy share) map: An objective and quantitative measure to evaluate wind and solar curtailment Open
s the share of VRE (variable renewable energy) has grown rapidly, curtailment issues have arisen worldwide. This paper evaluates and compares curtailment situations in selected countries using an objective and quantitative evaluation tool …
View article: The Impacts of Wholesale Market Rules and Policies on Clean Energy Goals: A Primer for Local Governments
The Impacts of Wholesale Market Rules and Policies on Clean Energy Goals: A Primer for Local Governments Open
This paper discusses the evolving rules and policies of wholesale markets that can create barriers to local governments' achievement of an effective and rapid clean energy transition. The report reviews the current barriers associated with…
View article: Renewable Energy Options for Large Utility Customers
Renewable Energy Options for Large Utility Customers Open
A growing number of corporations and cities have adopted a goal to meet all of their annual electricity needs with renewable energy sources. Some have already achieved that goal and are exploring new ways to match their consumption more cl…
View article: Actions Large Energy Buyers Can Take to Transform and Decarbonize the Grid: Procurement Practices for Achieving 100% Carbon Free Electricity
Actions Large Energy Buyers Can Take to Transform and Decarbonize the Grid: Procurement Practices for Achieving 100% Carbon Free Electricity Open
Large energy buyers—including corporates, cities, and institutional customers—have played and will continue to play an important role in driving clean energy in the near term, particularly renewables. However, to ensure that the power sect…
View article: The Role of Long-Duration Energy Storage in Deep Decarbonization: Policy Considerations
The Role of Long-Duration Energy Storage in Deep Decarbonization: Policy Considerations Open
Achieving deep decarbonization in the US will require days, and potentially weeks, of energy storage to be available – but today’s technologies only provide hours of capacity. Evolving technologies, like hydrogen, will be needed for long d…
View article: New Approaches to Distributed PV Interconnection: Implementation Considerations for Addressing Emerging Issues
New Approaches to Distributed PV Interconnection: Implementation Considerations for Addressing Emerging Issues Open
As the cost of installing distributed solar photovoltaics (PV) has fallen, the number of requests to interconnect PV systems to distribution grids has risen substantially in many utility service areas. In response, states and utilities are…
View article: Potential Roles for Demand Response in High-Growth Electric Systems with Increasing Shares of Renewable Generation
Potential Roles for Demand Response in High-Growth Electric Systems with Increasing Shares of Renewable Generation Open
Many countries around the world are experiencing rapid economic development while simultaneously deploying more wind and solar generators. This report explores potential roles for demand response - the modification of electricity load oper…
View article: Design and Implementation of Community Solar Programs for Low- and Moderate-Income Customers
Design and Implementation of Community Solar Programs for Low- and Moderate-Income Customers Open
This report draws from the literature and from interviews with representatives from low- and moderate-income (LMI) solar developers and state LMI community solar programs to provide guidance on LMI community solar design.
View article: Review of Interconnection Practices and Costs in the Western States
Review of Interconnection Practices and Costs in the Western States Open
The objective of this report is to evaluate the nature of barriers to interconnecting distributed PV, assess costs of interconnection, and compare interconnection practices across various states in the Western Interconnection. The report a…
View article: Prospective Costs, Benefits, and Impacts of U.S. Renewable Portfolio Standards
Prospective Costs, Benefits, and Impacts of U.S. Renewable Portfolio Standards Open
These slides were presented at a webinar on January 9, 2017. The slides overview a report that evaluates the future costs, benefits, and other impacts of renewable energy used to meet current state renewable portfolio standards (RPSs). It …
View article: Unlocking Solar for Low- and Moderate-Income Residents: A Matrix of Financing Options by Resident, Provider, and Housing Type
Unlocking Solar for Low- and Moderate-Income Residents: A Matrix of Financing Options by Resident, Provider, and Housing Type Open
Historically the low and moderate income (LMI) market has been underserved by solar photovoltaics (PV), in part due to the unique barriers LMI residents face to participation in the PV market. The intent of this report is to identify the m…
View article: How to Estimate Demand Charge Savings from PV on Commercial Buildings
How to Estimate Demand Charge Savings from PV on Commercial Buildings Open
Rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems are compensated through retail electricity tariffs - and for commercial and industrial customers, these are typically comprised of three components: a fixed monthly charge, energy charges, and demand charg…
View article: Integrating High Penetrations of Solar in the Western United States: Results of the Western Wind and Solar Integration Study Phase 2 (Poster)
Integrating High Penetrations of Solar in the Western United States: Results of the Western Wind and Solar Integration Study Phase 2 (Poster) Open
This poster presents a summary of the results of the Western Wind and Solar Integration Study Phase 2.
View article: Interaction Between Carbon Markets and Renewable Energy Markets (Poster)
Interaction Between Carbon Markets and Renewable Energy Markets (Poster) Open
This poster, submitted for the CU Energy Initiative/NREL Symposium on October 3, 2006 in Boulder, Colorado, discusses the interaction between carbon markets and renewable energy markets.
View article: Solar + Storage Synergies for Managing Commercial-Customer Demand Charges
Solar + Storage Synergies for Managing Commercial-Customer Demand Charges Open
We study the synergies between behind-the-meter solar and storage in reducing commercial-customer demand charges. This follows two previous studies that examined demand charge savings for stand-alone solar in both the residential and comme…
View article: Solar + Storage Synergies for Managing Commercial-Customer Demand Charges
Solar + Storage Synergies for Managing Commercial-Customer Demand Charges Open
Demand charges, which are based on a customer’s maximum demand in kilowatts (kW), are a common element of electricity rate structures for commercial customers. Customer-sited solar photovoltaic (PV) systems can potentially reduce demand ch…
View article: Charting the Emergence of Corporate Procurement of Utility-Scale PV
Charting the Emergence of Corporate Procurement of Utility-Scale PV Open
Corporations and other institutions have contracted for more than 2300 MW of off-site solar, using power purchase agreements, green tariffs, or bilateral deals with utilities. This paper examines the benefits, challenges, and outlooks for …
View article: Assessing the costs and benefits of US renewable portfolio standards
Assessing the costs and benefits of US renewable portfolio standards Open
Renewable portfolio standards (RPS) exist in 29 US states and the District of Columbia. This article summarizes the first national-level, integrated assessment of the future costs and benefits of existing RPS policies; the same metrics are…
View article: Charting the Emergence of Corporate Procurement of Utility-Scale PV
Charting the Emergence of Corporate Procurement of Utility-Scale PV Open
Through July 2017, corporate customers contracted for more than 2,300 MW of utility-scale solar. This paper examines the benefits, challenges, and outlooks for large-scale off-site solar purchasing through four pathways: PPAs, retail choic…
View article: Transmission Challenges and Best Practices for Cost-Effective Renewable Energy Delivery across State and Provincial Boundaries
Transmission Challenges and Best Practices for Cost-Effective Renewable Energy Delivery across State and Provincial Boundaries Open
A strategically planned transmission network is an important source of flexibility for the integration of large-scale renewable energy (RE). Such a network can offer access to a broad geographic diversity of resources, which can reduce fle…
View article: Exploring Demand Charge Savings from Residential Solar
Exploring Demand Charge Savings from Residential Solar Open
We use simulated load and PV generation profiles, based on 17 years of weather data for 15 cities, We use simulated load and PV generation profiles, based on 17 years of weather data for 15 cities.
View article: Exploring Demand Charge Savings from Commercial Solar
Exploring Demand Charge Savings from Commercial Solar Open
Commercial retail electricity rates commonly include a demand charge component, based on some measure of the customer’s peak demand. Customer-sited solar PV can potentially reduce demand charges, but the magnitude of these savings can be d…
View article: A Retrospective Analysis of the Benefits and Impacts of U.S. Renewable Portfolio Standards
A Retrospective Analysis of the Benefits and Impacts of U.S. Renewable Portfolio Standards Open
This report, the second in the series, analyzes historical benefits and impacts of all state RPS policies, in aggregate, employing a consistent and well-vetted set of methods and data sets. The analysis focuses on three specific benefits: …
View article: Policies for Enabling Corporate Sourcing of Renewable Energy Internationally: A 21st Century Power Partnership Report
Policies for Enabling Corporate Sourcing of Renewable Energy Internationally: A 21st Century Power Partnership Report Open
This paper explores the policy and regulatory enabling environment for corporate sourcing of renewables. The paper has been developed in support of the Corporate Sourcing of Renewables Campaign, which was launched at the Clean Energy Minis…
View article: Transmission Challenges and Best Practices for Cost-Effective Renewable Energy Delivery across State and Provincial Boundaries
Transmission Challenges and Best Practices for Cost-Effective Renewable Energy Delivery across State and Provincial Boundaries Open
A strategically planned transmission network is an important source of flexibility for the integration of large-scale renewable energy (RE). Such a network can offer access to a broad geographic diversity of resources, which can reduce fle…