Louis Tong
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View article: Vitamin abnormalities in neuropathic corneal pain
Vitamin abnormalities in neuropathic corneal pain Open
View article: Topical pharmacologic treatments for dry eye disease: A systematic review
Topical pharmacologic treatments for dry eye disease: A systematic review Open
Current topical pharmacologic eye products improved signs, and sometimes symptoms, of DED and were well tolerated. Treatment selection should use a shared decision-making approach that takes DED etiology and patient preferences into accoun…
View article: Tear Cytokine Changes up to One Year After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: Effect of Daily Topical Cyclosporine-A 0.1% Emulsion
Tear Cytokine Changes up to One Year After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: Effect of Daily Topical Cyclosporine-A 0.1% Emulsion Open
Purpose: To profile tear cytokine changes in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) patients after instillation of daily topical cyclosporine-A 0.1% cationic emulsion. Methods: Participants in a longitudinal study were given …
View article: TFOS DEWS III: Management and Therapy
TFOS DEWS III: Management and Therapy Open
This report provides an evidence-based review of current strategies to manage dry eye disease (DED). First-line management focuses on methods to replenish, conserve, and stimulate the tear film, with an emphasis on ocular supplements, whic…
View article: Symptomology and Impact of Dry Eye Disease: A Patient and Physician Perspective
Symptomology and Impact of Dry Eye Disease: A Patient and Physician Perspective Open
View article: Applications of Diquafosol Sodium in Ophthalmology: A Comprehensive Review of Therapeutic Utility
Applications of Diquafosol Sodium in Ophthalmology: A Comprehensive Review of Therapeutic Utility Open
Diquafosol sodium is a purinergic P2Y2 receptor agonist that is garnering much interest for its potential therapeutic benefits in ocular surface management. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of diquafosol’s pharmacology, clinic…
View article: Validation of the Ocular Pain Assessment Survey Instrument With Rasch Analysis
Validation of the Ocular Pain Assessment Survey Instrument With Rasch Analysis Open
Our study provides insights to improve the existing OPAS for real-world clinical applications and clinical trials.
View article: Fair-MoE: Fairness-Oriented Mixture of Experts in Vision-Language Models
Fair-MoE: Fairness-Oriented Mixture of Experts in Vision-Language Models Open
Fairness is a fundamental principle in medical ethics. Vision Language Models (VLMs) have shown significant potential in the medical field due to their ability to leverage both visual and linguistic contexts, reducing the need for large da…
View article: Applications of Diquafosol Sodium in Ophthalmology: A Comprehensive Review on Therapeutic Utility
Applications of Diquafosol Sodium in Ophthalmology: A Comprehensive Review on Therapeutic Utility Open
Diquafosol is a purinergic P2Y2 receptor agonist that is garnering much interest for its potential therapeutic benefits in dry eye disease (DED) management and is used commonly in Asia. Diquafosol’s mechanism of action involves enhancing f…
View article: Blood-Derived Eye Drops for the Treatment of Corneal Neuropathic Pain
Blood-Derived Eye Drops for the Treatment of Corneal Neuropathic Pain Open
Blood-derived preparations, including autologous or allogenic serum, umbilical cord serum/plasma, and platelet-rich plasma eye drops, contain various growth factors, cytokines, and immunoglobulins that resemble natural tears. These compone…
View article: Quantum molecular resonance electrotherapy (Rexon-Eye) for recalcitrant dry eye in an Asian population
Quantum molecular resonance electrotherapy (Rexon-Eye) for recalcitrant dry eye in an Asian population Open
Objectives To assess the safety, efficacy, patients’ satisfaction and acceptability of Rexon-Eye electrotherapy in treating Asian severe dry eye disease (DED) patients. Methods Prospective parallel-arm pilot study recruiting 40 DED Chinese…
View article: Impact of Exposomes on Ocular Surface Diseases
Impact of Exposomes on Ocular Surface Diseases Open
Ocular surface diseases (OSDs) are significant causes of ocular morbidity, and are often associated with chronic inflammation, redness, irritation, discomfort, and pain. In severe OSDs, loss of vision can result from ocular surface failure…
View article: Conjunctival infiltrates and cytokines in an experimental immune-mediated blepharoconjunctivitis rat model
Conjunctival infiltrates and cytokines in an experimental immune-mediated blepharoconjunctivitis rat model Open
Purpose To characterize the histopathological and immunological findings of a rat model of allergic blepharoconjunctivitis (BC) and demonstrate its potential utility for the assessment of BC therapies. Methods Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were…
View article: Molecular Basis of Transglutaminase-2 and Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors in Experimental Myopia: A Target for Myopia Treatment
Molecular Basis of Transglutaminase-2 and Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors in Experimental Myopia: A Target for Myopia Treatment Open
Myopia, a prevalent refractive error disorder worldwide, is characterized by the elongation of the eye, leading to visual abnormalities. Understanding the genetic factors involved in myopia is crucial for developing therapeutic and prevent…
View article: New developments in the management of persistent corneal epithelial defects
New developments in the management of persistent corneal epithelial defects Open
View article: Clinical associations of corneal neuromas with ocular surface diseases
Clinical associations of corneal neuromas with ocular surface diseases Open
Corneal neuromas, also termed microneuromas, refer to microscopic, irregularly-shaped enlargements of terminal subbasal nerve endings at sites of nerve damage or injury. The formation of corneal neuromas results from damage to corneal nerv…
View article: Novel therapeutics for dry eye disease
Novel therapeutics for dry eye disease Open
View article: Role of in vivo confocal microscopy in dry eye disease and eye pain
Role of in vivo confocal microscopy in dry eye disease and eye pain Open
Dry eye disease is known to have a lot of variability in presentation with overlapping subtypes. Understanding the pathology of this condition will guide therapeutic options. In vivo confocal microscopy is a diagnostic and imaging modality…
View article: Polymorphisms in Lymphotoxin-Alpha as the “Missing Link” in Prognosticating Favourable Response to Omega-3 Supplementation for Dry Eye Disease: A Narrative Review
Polymorphisms in Lymphotoxin-Alpha as the “Missing Link” in Prognosticating Favourable Response to Omega-3 Supplementation for Dry Eye Disease: A Narrative Review Open
Elements of inflammation are found in almost all chronic ocular surface disease, such as dry eye disease. The chronicity of such inflammatory disease speaks to the dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity. There has been a rising inte…
View article: Impact of Microplastics on the Ocular Surface
Impact of Microplastics on the Ocular Surface Open
Plastics are synthetic materials made from organic polymers that are ubiquitous in daily living and are especially important in the healthcare setting. However, recent advances have revealed the pervasive nature of microplastics, which are…
View article: The association between altered intestinal microbiome, impaired systemic and ocular surface immunity, and impaired wound healing response after corneal alkaline-chemical injury in diabetic mice
The association between altered intestinal microbiome, impaired systemic and ocular surface immunity, and impaired wound healing response after corneal alkaline-chemical injury in diabetic mice Open
Purpose We aim to investigate the effect of sustained hyperglycemia on corneal epithelial wound healing, ocular surface and systemic immune response, and microbiome indices in diabetic mice compared to controls after alkaline chemical inju…
View article: Epigenetic Activation of Circadian Clock Genes Elicits Inflammation in Experimental Murine Dry Eye
Epigenetic Activation of Circadian Clock Genes Elicits Inflammation in Experimental Murine Dry Eye Open
To explore whether circadian clock genes contribute to elicit inflammation in experimental dry eye (EDE). RNA sequencing analyzed mRNA expression patterns in EDE model. RT-qPCR and/or Western blot determined the expression of inflammatory …
View article: Shotgun metagenomic sequencing analysis of ocular surface microbiome in Singapore residents with mild dry eye
Shotgun metagenomic sequencing analysis of ocular surface microbiome in Singapore residents with mild dry eye Open
The ocular surface microbiome has implications for ocular surface inflammation and immunology. Previous shotgun metagenomics analyses were performed in China, showing results that differed according to environment and age. Patients with Sj…
View article: Topical Omega-3 Fatty Acids Eyedrops in the Treatment of Dry Eye and Ocular Surface Disease: A Systematic Review
Topical Omega-3 Fatty Acids Eyedrops in the Treatment of Dry Eye and Ocular Surface Disease: A Systematic Review Open
Dry eye is a common inflammatory condition of the ocular surface. While oral omega-3 supplementation for its treatment has been extensively studied, recent large-scale studies have cast doubt on their efficacy. However, efficacy of topical…
View article: Evaluation of ocular surface and tear function - A review of current approaches for dry eye
Evaluation of ocular surface and tear function - A review of current approaches for dry eye Open
An increasing prevalence of dry eye disease in the past decade has resulted in a greater focus on diagnostic methods for this condition. There has been a proliferation of technologies that attempt to quantify various aspects of tear functi…
View article: Limiting plastic waste in dry eye practice for environmental sustainability
Limiting plastic waste in dry eye practice for environmental sustainability Open
View article: The ocular surface and diabetes, the other 21st Century epidemic
The ocular surface and diabetes, the other 21st Century epidemic Open
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by sustained hyperglycemia, potentially leading to life-threatening health problems. While the complication of diabetic retinopathy has been extensively studied, less att…
View article: In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Different Types of Dry Eye and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Different Types of Dry Eye and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Open
In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) imaging is increasingly popular in ocular surface disease diagnosis and management. We conducted a systematic review to update the use of IVCM in the diagnosis and treatment of dry eye and meibomian gland…
View article: Impact of Incomplete Blinking Analyzed Using a Deep Learning Model With the Keratograph 5M in Dry Eye Disease
Impact of Incomplete Blinking Analyzed Using a Deep Learning Model With the Keratograph 5M in Dry Eye Disease Open
The system of DLM-based blink analysis is of great potential for the assessment of IB and diagnosis of DED.
View article: Orthokeratology Lens Wear for 2 Years in Children Did Not Alter Tear Film Lipid Thickness by Non-Invasive Interferometry
Orthokeratology Lens Wear for 2 Years in Children Did Not Alter Tear Film Lipid Thickness by Non-Invasive Interferometry Open
Purpose Previous studies suggest that overnight orthokeratology (OOK) may be detrimental to tear function. We aimed to investigate the effect of OOK on lipid layer thickness (LLT), blink pattern, and meibomian gland and elucidate the relat…