Land use and land cover (LULC) changes in the Piura River Basin, Peru, were analyzed from 2001 to 2022 using global MODIS and ESA-CCI datasets harmonized into six major land cover classes (Forest, Non-Forest Vegetation, Cropland, Bare Soil, Water and Urban) for comparative analysis. Pearson correlation analyses with hydroclimatic variables, including precipitation (PP), maximum (Tx) and minimum (Tn) temperatures, and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices (Eastern Pacific, Central Pacific, and Coastal El Niño…

Sea surface temperature (SST) plays a pivotal role in air–sea interactions, with implications for climate, weather, and marine ecosystems, particularly in regions like the Caribbean Sea, where upwelling and dynamic oceanographic processes significantly influence biodiversity and fisheries. This study evaluates the performance of foundational models, Chronos and Lag-Llama, in forecasting SST using 22 years (2002–2023) of high-resolution satellite-derived and in situ data. The Chronos model, leveraging zero-shot lea…

Hydropower is the main source of renewable energy and the most feasible for implementation in remote areas without access to conventional energy grids. Therefore, knowledge of actual, potential, and future perspectives of sustainable hydropower projects is decisive for their viability. This study aims to estimate the present and future potential capacity of Peru’s hydropower system and from the potential small hydroelectric plants, specifically Run-of-River class. First, we employed geospatial databases and hydroc…

Monitoring the evolution of freshwater lakes is critical for understanding and mitigating eutrophication, a major environmental issue driven by excessive nutrient inputs, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus. This study focuses on Lake Lanalhue, where rising frequencies and intensities of algal blooms highlight significant ecological imbalances. By evaluating spatio-temporal variations in water quality and quantity parameters, meteorological conditions, and land use changes, we aim to uncover the drivers of eutrophic…

Ecosystem services provided by forests are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic and climatic disturbances. International initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from forest disturbances, such as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation+ (REDD+), require robust quantifications of the dynamics and extent of Land Use/Land Cover (LULC). However, no study present yet a comparative synthesis of existing LULC products and long-term landscape evolution on the Pacific Slope and Coast of Ecuador (EPS…