Explanipedia

Global Carbon Budget 2025 Open

Michael O’Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Dorothée C. E. Bakker, Judith Hauck , et al. · 2025

Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the…

Recent history of surface ocean acidification extremes that compound marine heat waves Open

Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber · 2025

Unexpected decline in the ocean carbon sink under record-high sea surface temperatures in 2023 Open

Jens Daniel Müller, Nicolas Gruber, Aline Schneuwly, Dorothée C. E. Bakker, Marion Gehlen , et al. · 2025

Synthesis of data products for ocean carbonate chemistry Open

Li‐Qing Jiang, Amanda R. Fay, Jens Daniel Müller, Lydia Keppler, Dustin Carroll , et al. · 2025

As the largest active carbon reservoir on Earth, the ocean is a cornerstone of the global carbon cycle, playing a pivotal role in modulating ocean health and regulating climate. Understanding these crucial roles requires access to a broad …

Global Carbon Budget 2024 Open

Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O’Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Judith Hauck , et al. · 2025

Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the…

Unexpected decline of the ocean carbon sink under record-high sea surface temperatures in 2023 Open

Jens Daniel Müller, Nicolas Gruber, Aline Schneuwly, Dorothée C. E. Bakker, Marion Gehlen , et al. · 2024

In 2023, sea-surface temperatures (SST) reached record highs. Based on historical responses, this SST anomaly would suggest an increased oceanic CO2 uptake (-0.11±0.03 PgC yr-1). In contrast, our observation-based estimates reveal that the…

Global Carbon Budget 2024 Open

Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O’Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Judith Hauck , et al. · 2024

Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the…

Supporting Information for CO2 uptake in the Pacific from 1985 to 2018: a comparative assessment of observation-and model-based estimates Open

Masao Ishii, Brendan R. Carter, Katsuya Toyama, Keith B. Rodgers, Richard A. Feely , et al. · 2024

High‐Resolution Variability of the Ocean Carbon Sink Open

Luke Gregor, Jamie D. Shutler, Nicolas Gruber · 2024

Measurements of the surface ocean fugacity of carbon dioxide ( f CO 2 ) provide an important constraint on the global ocean carbon sink, yet the gap‐filling products developed so far to cope with the sparse observations are relatively coar…

Publisher Correction: Projected poleward migration of the Southern Ocean CO2 sink region under high emissions Open

Precious Mongwe, Luke Gregor, Jerry Tjiputra, Judith Hauck, Takamitsu Ito , et al. · 2024

Correction to: Communications Earth & Environmenthttps://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01382-y, published online 02 May 2024 The original version of this article omitted one of the affiliations of the corresponding author “Precious Mongwe”. T…

Projected poleward migration of the Southern Ocean CO2 sink region under high emissions Open

Precious Mongwe, Luke Gregor, Jerry Tjiputra, Judith Hauck, Takamitsu Ito , et al. · 2024

Mean, Seasonal Cycle, Trends, and Storage of the Southern Ocean carbon cycle in the RECCAP2 assessment (1985-2018) Open

Lavinia Patara, Judith Hauck, Luke Gregor, Cara Nissen, Mark Hague , et al. · 2024

The Southern Ocean has long been known to be an important region for ocean CO2 uptake, and one which is especially sensitive to changes in the overlying climate. Here we assess the Southern Ocean CO2 uptake (1985–2018) using data set…

The increasing importance of satellite observations to assess the ocean carbon sink and ocean acidification Open

Jamie D. Shutler, Nicolas Gruber, Helen S. Findlay, Peter E. Land, Luke Gregor , et al. · 2024

The strong control that the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) have over Earth's climate identifies the need for accurate quantification of the emitted CO2 and its redistribution within the Earth system. The ocean annually absorbs more than…

Global Carbon Budget 2023 Open

Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O’Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Dorothée C. E. Bakker , et al. · 2023

Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the…

The Southern Ocean carbon cycle 1985-2018: Mean, seasonal cycle, trends and storage - Data Open

Judith Hauck, Luke Gregor, Cara Nissen, Lavinia Patara, Mark Hague , et al. · 2023

Postprocessed data set used for RECCAP2 Southern Ocean chapter: Hauck, Gregor, et al.: The Southern Ocean carbon cycle 1985-2018: Mean, seasonal cycle, trends and storage The raw data is available at: Müller, Jens Daniel. (2023). RECCAP2-o…

The Southern Ocean carbon cycle 1985-2018: Mean, seasonal cycle, trends and storage - Data Open

Judith Hauck, Luke Gregor, Cara Nissen, Lavinia Patara, Mark Hague , et al. · 2023

Postprocessed data set used for RECCAP2 Southern Ocean chapter: Hauck, Gregor, et al.: The Southern Ocean carbon cycle 1985-2018: Mean, seasonal cycle, trends and storage The raw data is available at: Müller, Jens Daniel. (2023). RECCAP2-o…

The Southern Ocean Carbon Cycle 1985–2018: Mean, Seasonal Cycle, Trends, and Storage Open

Judith Hauck, Luke Gregor, Cara Nissen, Lavinia Patara, Mark Hague , et al. · 2023

We assess the Southern Ocean CO 2 uptake (1985–2018) using data sets gathered in the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project Phase 2. The Southern Ocean acted as a sink for CO 2 with close agreement between simulation result…

Supplementary material to "Global Carbon Budget 2023" Open

Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O’Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Dorothée C. E. Bakker , et al. · 2023

Global Carbon Budget 2023 Open

Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O’Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Dorothée C. E. Bakker , et al. · 2023

Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the…

Magnitude, Trends, and Variability of the Global Ocean Carbon Sink From 1985 to 2018 Open

Tim DeVries, K. Yamamoto, Rik Wanninkhof, Nicolas Gruber, Judith Hauck , et al. · 2023

This contribution to the RECCAP2 (REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes) assessment analyzes the processes that determine the global ocean carbon sink, and its trends and variability over the period 1985–2018, using a combination …

The Southern Ocean carbon cycle 1985-2018: Mean, seasonal cycle, trends and storage - Data Open

Judith Hauck, Luke Gregor, Cara Nissen, Lavinia Patara, Mark Hague , et al. · 2023

Postprocessed data set used for RECCAP2 Southern Ocean chapter: Hauck, Gregor, et al.: The Southern Ocean carbon cycle 1985-2018: Mean, seasonal cycle, trends and storage The raw data is available at: Müller, Jens Daniel. (2023). RECCAP2-o…

Seasonal Variability of the Surface Ocean Carbon Cycle: A Synthesis Open

Keith B. Rodgers, Jörg Schwinger, Andrea J. Fassbender, Peter Landschützer, Ryohei Yamaguchi , et al. · 2023

The seasonal cycle is the dominant mode of variability in the air‐sea CO 2 flux in most regions of the global ocean, yet discrepancies between different seasonality estimates are rather large. As part of the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessmen…

Four Decades of Trends and Drivers of Global Surface Ocean Acidification Open

Danling Ma, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber · 2023

The oceans are acidifying in response to the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from the atmosphere, yet the global‐scale progression of this acidification has been poorly documented so far by observations. Here, we fil…

SeaFlux v2023: harmonised sea-air CO2 fluxes from surface pCO2 data products using a standardised approach Open

Luke Gregor · 2023

See the additional notes for updates on the Fluxes calculated using the standardized approach: \(F\text{CO}_2=K_0 \cdot K_w \cdot (p\text{CO}_2^\text{sea} - p\text{CO}_2^\text{atm})\ \cdot (1 - [ice])\). We provide each of the components t…

SeaFlux v2023: harmonised sea-air CO2 fluxes from surface pCO2 data products using a standardised approach Open

Luke Gregor · 2023

BE SURE TO DOWNLOAD 2023.02 See the additional notes for updates on the products. Fluxes calculated using the standardized approach: \(F\text{CO}_2=K_0 \cdot K_w \cdot (p\text{CO}_2^\text{sea} - p\text{CO}_2^\text{atm})\ \cdot (1 - [ice])\…

SeaFlux v2023: harmonised sea-air CO2 fluxes from surface pCO2 data products using a standardised approach Open

Luke Gregor · 2023

BE SURE TO DOWNLOAD 2023.02 See the additional notes for updates on the products. Fluxes calculated using the standardized approach: \(F\text{CO}_2=K_0 \cdot K_w \cdot (p\text{CO}_2^\text{sea} - p\text{CO}_2^\text{atm})\ \cdot (1 - [ice])\…

Global Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles and Feedbacks Open

Josep G. Canadell, Pedro M. S. Monteiro, Marcos Heil Costa, Letícia Cotrim da Cunha, Peter M. Cox , et al. · 2023

International audience

The Southern Ocean carbon cycle 1985-2018: Mean, seasonal cycle, trends and storage Open

Judith Hauck, Luke Gregor, Cara Nissen, Lavinia Patara, Mark Hague , et al. · 2023

We assess the Southern Ocean CO2 uptake (1985-2018) using data sets gathered in the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project phase 2 (RECCAP2). The Southern Ocean acted as a sink for CO2 with close agreement between simulatio…

A shift in the mechanism of CO2 uptake in the Southern Ocean under high emission-scenario Open

Precious Mongwe, Luke Gregor, Jerry Tjiputra, Judith Hauck, Takamitsu Ito , et al. · 2023

The Southern Ocean is a major region of ocean carbon uptake, but its future changes remain uncertain under climate warming. Here we show the projected shift in the Southern Ocean CO2 sink using a suite of Earth System Models, revealing cha…

Climate-driven variability of the Southern Ocean CO <sub>2</sub> sink Open

Nicolas Mayot, Corinne Le Quéré, Christian Rödenbeck, Raffaele Bernardello, Laurent Bopp , et al. · 2023

The Southern Ocean is a major sink of atmospheric CO 2 , but the nature and magnitude of its variability remains uncertain and debated. Estimates based on observations suggest substantial variability that is not reproduced by process-based…

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