Explanipedia

High Revisit-Rate Tropical Cyclone Observations From the NASA TROPICS Satellite Constellation Mission Open

William J. Blackwell, Scott A. Braun, George R. Alvey, Robert Atlas, Ralf Bennartz , et al. · 2025

Vientos—A New Satellite Mission Concept for 3D Wind Measurements by Combining Passive Water Vapor Sounders with Doppler Wind Lidar Open

Xubin Zeng, Hui Su, Svetla Hristova‐Veleva, Derek J. Posselt, Robert Atlas , et al. · 2024

It is challenging to accurately characterize the three-dimensional distribution of horizontal wind vectors (known as 3D winds). Feature-matching satellite cloud top or water vapor fields have been used for decades to retrieve atmospheric m…

The Dual Nature of Chaos and Order in the Atmosphere Open

Bo‐Wen Shen, Roger A. Pielke, Xubin Zeng, Jialin Cui, Sara Faghih-Naini , et al. · 2022

In the past, the Lorenz 1963 and 1969 models have been applied for revealing the chaotic nature of weather and climate and for estimating the atmospheric predictability limit. Recently, an in-depth analysis of classical Lorenz 1963 models …

Three Kinds of Butterfly Effects within Lorenz Models Open

Bo‐Wen Shen, Roger A. Pielke, Xubin Zeng, Jialin Cui, Sara Faghih-Naini , et al. · 2022

Within Lorenz models, the three major kinds of butterfly effects (BEs) are the sensitive dependence on initial conditions (SDIC), the ability of a tiny perturbation to create an organized circulation at large distances, and the hypothetica…

IS WEATHER CHAOTIC? COEXISTENCE OF CHAOS AND ORDER WITHIN A GENERALIZED LORENZ MODEL Open

Bo‐Wen Shen, Roger A. Pielke, Xubin Zeng, Jong‐Jin Baik, Sara Faghih-Naini , et al. · 2022

Is Weather Chaotic? Coexisting Attractors, Multistability, and Predictability Open

Bo‐Wen Shen, Roger A. Pielke, Xubin Zeng, Sara Faghih-Naini, Jialin Cui , et al. · 2021

Since Lorenz’s 1963 study and 1972 presentation, the statement “weather is chaotic’’ has been well accepted. Such a view turns our attention from regularity associated with Laplace’s view of determinism to irregularity associated with chao…

Enhance Low Level Temperature and Moisture Profiles Through Combining NUCAPS, ABI Observations, and RTMA Analysis Open

Zheng Ma, Zhenglong Li, Jun Li, Timothy J. Schmit, Lídia Cucurull , et al. · 2021

Thermodynamic information from low levels in the atmosphere is crucial for operational weather forecasts and meteorological researchers. The NOAA Unique Combined Atmospheric Processing System (NUCAPS) sounding products have been proven ben…

Observing System Simulation Experiments Today and Tomorrow Open

Xubin Zeng, Robert Atlas, Ronald J. Birk, Frederick H. Carr, Matthew Carrier , et al. · 2021

6 month embargo; published online: 29 March 2022

Is Weather Chaotic?: Coexistence of Chaos and Order within a Generalized Lorenz Model Open

Bo‐Wen Shen, Roger A. Pielke, Xubin Zeng, Jong‐Jin Baik, Sara Faghih-Naini , et al. · 2020

Over 50 years since Lorenz’s 1963 study and a follow-up presentation in 1972, the statement “weather is chaotic” has been well accepted. Such a view turns our attention from regularity associated with Laplace’s view of determinism to irreg…

Impact of Refractivity Profiles from a Proposed GNSS-RO Constellation on Tropical Cyclone Forecasts in a Global Modeling System Open

Michael J. Mueller, Andrew C. Kren, Lídia Cucurull, Sean Casey, Ross N. Hoffman , et al. · 2020

A global observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) was used to assess the potential impact of a proposed Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) constellation on tropical cyclone (TC) track, maximum 10-m wind s…

Use of Observing System Simulation Experiments in the United States Open

Xubin Zeng, Robert Atlas, Ronald J. Birk, Frederick H. Carr, Matthew Carrier , et al. · 2020

The NOAA Science Advisory Board appointed a task force to prepare a white paper on the use of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs). Considering the importance and timeliness of this topic and based on this white paper, here we b…

OSSE Assessment of Underwater Glider Arrays to Improve Ocean Model Initialization for Tropical Cyclone Prediction Open

George R. Halliwell, Gustavo Goñi, Michael Mehari, Vassiliki H. Kourafalou, Molly Baringer , et al. · 2019

Credible tropical cyclone (TC) intensity prediction by coupled models requires accurate forecasts of enthalpy flux from ocean to atmosphere, which in turn requires accurate forecasts of sea surface temperature cooling beneath storms. Initi…

A Near‐Real‐Time Version of the Cross‐Calibrated Multiplatform (CCMP) Ocean Surface Wind Velocity Data Set Open

C. A. Mears, J. P. Scott, F. J. Wentz, Lucrezia Ricciardulli, S. Mark Leidner , et al. · 2019

The Cross‐Calibrated Multiplatform (CCMP) ocean surface wind data set was originally developed by Atlas and coworkers to blend cross‐calibrated satellite winds, in situ data, and wind analyses from numerical weather prediction. CCMP uses a…

Track Uncertainty in High-Resolution HWRF Ensemble Forecasts of Hurricane Joaquin Open

Ghassan J. Alaka, Xuejin Zhang, Sundararaman Gopalakrishnan, Zhan Zhang, Frank D. Marks , et al. · 2019

Hurricane Joaquin (2015) was characterized by high track forecast uncertainty when it approached the Bahamas from 29 September 2015 to 1 October 2015, with 5-day track predictions ranging from landfall in the United States to east of Bermu…

East Asian Monsoon as a Modulator of U.S. Great Plains Heat Waves Open

Hosmay Lopez, Sang‐Ki Lee, Shenfu Dong, Gustavo Goñi, Ben P. Kirtman , et al. · 2019

Heat waves are the leading weather‐related cause of death in the United States, with the most recent examples occurring in the summers of 2011 and 2012 over the Great Plains. These events are unusual and largely unpredictable beyond the sy…

Developing Priority Observational Requirements from Space Using Multi-Attribute Utility Theory Open

Richard A. Anthes, Mark W. Maier, Steven A. Ackerman, Robert Atlas, Lisa Callahan , et al. · 2019

Over a two-year period beginning in 2015, a panel of subject matter experts, the Space Platform Requirements Working Group (SPRWG), carried out an analysis and prioritization of different space-based observations supporting the National Oc…

Impact of Gulfstream-IV Dropsondes on Tropical Cyclone Prediction in a Regional OSSE System Open

Kelly Ryan, Lisa Bucci, Javier Delgado, Robert Atlas, Shirley Murillo · 2019

Aircraft reconnaissance missions remain the primary means of collecting direct measurements of marine atmospheric conditions affecting tropical cyclone formation and evolution. The National Hurricane Center tasks the NOAA G-IV aircraft to …

A Preliminary Impact Study of CYGNSS Ocean Surface Wind Speeds on Numerical Simulations of Hurricanes Open

Zhiqiang Cui, Zhaoxia Pu, Vijay Tallapragada, Robert Atlas, Christopher S. Ruf · 2019

The NASA Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) was launched in December 2016, providing an unprecedented opportunity to obtain ocean surface wind speeds including wind estimates over the hurricane inner‐core region. This stud…

The alternative of CubeSat-based advanced infrared and microwave sounders for high impact weather forecasting Open

Zhenglong Li, Jun Li, Timothy J. Schmit, Pei Wang, Agnes H. N. Lim , et al. · 2019

Validation of an Airborne Doppler Wind Lidar in Tropical Cyclones Open

Lisa Bucci, Christopher O’Handley, G. D. Emmitt, Jun A. Zhang, Kelly Ryan , et al. · 2018

This study presents wind observations from an airborne Doppler Wind Lidar (ADWL) in 2016 tropical cyclones (TC). A description of ADWL measurement collection and quality control methods is introduced for the use in a TC environment. Valida…

Progress in Forecast Skill at Three Leading Global Operational NWP Centers during 2015–17 as Seen in Summary Assessment Metrics (SAMs) Open

Ross N. Hoffman, V. Krishna Kumar, Sid‐Ahmed Boukabara, Kayo Ide, Fanglin Yang , et al. · 2018

The summary assessment metric (SAM) method is applied to an array of primary assessment metrics (PAMs) for the deterministic forecasts of three leading numerical weather prediction (NWP) centers for the years 2015–17. The PAMs include anom…

Overview of the NASA TROPICS CubeSat Constellation Mission Open

Scott A. Braun, Christopher S. Velden, Tom Greenwald, Derrick Herndon, Ralf Bennartz , et al. · 2018

Recent technology advances in miniature microwave radiometers that can be hosted on very small satellites has made possible a new class of affordable constellation missions that provide very high revisit rates of tropical cyclones and othe…

Community Global Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) Package (CGOP): Assessment and Validation of the OSSE System Using an OSSE–OSE Intercomparison of Summary Assessment Metrics Open

Sid‐Ahmed Boukabara, Kayo Ide, Yan Zhou, Narges Shahroudi, Ross N. Hoffman , et al. · 2018

Observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) are used to simulate and assess the impacts of new observing systems planned for the future or the impacts of adopting new techniques for exploiting data or for forecasting. This study focuse…

Variational Analysis of Simulated Ocean Surface Winds from the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) and Evaluation Using a Regional OSSE Open

S. Mark Leidner, Bachir Annane, Brian D. McNoldy, Ross N. Hoffman, Robert Atlas · 2018

A positive impact of adding directional information to observations from the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYNGSS) constellation of microsatellites is observed in simulation using a high-resolution nature run of an Atlantic h…

Airborne Doppler Wind Lidar Observations of the Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer Open

Jun A. Zhang, Robert Atlas, G. D. Emmitt, Lisa Bucci, Kelly Ryan · 2018

This study presents a verification and an analysis of wind profile data collected during Tropical Storm Erika (2015) by a Doppler Wind Lidar (DWL) instrument aboard a P3 Hurricane Hunter aircraft of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adm…

A Study of the HWRF Analysis and Forecast Impact of Realistically Simulated CYGNSS Observations Assimilated as Scalar Wind Speeds and as VAM Wind Vectors Open

Bachir Annane, Brian D. McNoldy, S. Mark Leidner, Ross N. Hoffman, Robert Atlas , et al. · 2018

In preparation for the launch of the NASA Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS), a variety of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) were conducted to develop, tune, and assess methods of assimilating these novel obs…

An overview of the TROPICS NASA Earth Venture Mission Open

William J. Blackwell, S. A. Braun, Ralf Bennartz, Chris Velden, Mark DeMaria , et al. · 2018

The Time‐Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats (TROPICS) mission was selected by NASA as part of the Earth Venture‐Instrument (EVI‐3) program. The overarching goal for TROPIC…

GHOST: A Satellite Mission Concept for Persistent Monitoring of Stratospheric Gravity Waves Induced by Severe Storms Open

David M. Tratt, J. A. Hackwell, B. Valant-Spaight, R. L. Walterscheid, L. J. Gelinas , et al. · 2018

The prediction of tropical cyclone rapid intensification is one of the most pressing unsolved problems in hurricane forecasting. The signatures of gravity waves launched by strong convective updrafts are often clearly seen in airglow and c…

Designing the Climate Observing System of the Future Open

Elizabeth C. Weatherhead, Bruce A. Wielicki, V. Ramaswamy, Mark R. Abbott, Thomas P. Ackerman , et al. · 2017

Climate observations are needed to address a large range of important societal issues including sea level rise, droughts, floods, extreme heat events, food security, and freshwater availability in the coming decades. Past, targeted investm…

Community Global Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) Package (CGOP): Perfect Observations Simulation Validation Open

Sid‐Ahmed Boukabara, Kayo Ide, Narges Shahroudi, Yan Zhou, Tong Zhu , et al. · 2017

The simulation of observations—a critical Community Global Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) Package (CGOP) component—is validated first by a comparison of error-free simulated observations for the first 24 h at the start of th…

Robert Atlas YOU? Author Swipe