Mark B. Bush
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View article: Ecological legacies and recent footprints of the Amazon’s Lost City
Ecological legacies and recent footprints of the Amazon’s Lost City Open
Once considered pristine forests, the mid-elevational forests of the eastern Andean flank are now known to have long histories of human occupation. Past habitations, such as the 'Lost City of the Amazon' in the Upano Valley of eastern Ecua…
View article: Black Hole Merger Frustration in QSD: A Physically-Constrained Model for Jet Genesis,Scalar Emission, and Residual Dynamics
Black Hole Merger Frustration in QSD: A Physically-Constrained Model for Jet Genesis,Scalar Emission, and Residual Dynamics Open
Observational data from black hole mergers increasingly challenge classical gen-eral relativity (GR). Features such as asymmetric jets, prolonged ringdowns, andrepeating fast radio bursts (FRBs) suggest internal dynamics beyond GR’s scope.…
View article: Long‐Term Fire and Vegetation Change at Cocha Cashu Biological Station, Peru
Long‐Term Fire and Vegetation Change at Cocha Cashu Biological Station, Peru Open
Past human influence from the pre‐Columbian and colonial periods may have played a role in shaping modern Amazonian vegetation. Here, we assessed past human activities and vegetation change from a well‐studied research station in the Peruv…
View article: A review of U.S. city climate action plans
A review of U.S. city climate action plans Open
Cities are increasingly creating climate action plans (CAPs), but it is unclear what potential these have for cities to sufficiently address the climate crisis. We conducted a review of 157 CAPs published by U.S. cities between 2018 and ea…
View article: The Fire History of Old-Growth Forest in the Barro Colorado Nature Monument, Panama
The Fire History of Old-Growth Forest in the Barro Colorado Nature Monument, Panama Open
Fire originates from human ignition in rainforests and causes major shifts in species composition. Given the long lifespans of tropical trees, disturbance and recovery processes occur over periods of centuries and are not fully captured in…
View article: Quantifying past forest cover and biomass changes in the Ecuadorian Amazon
Quantifying past forest cover and biomass changes in the Ecuadorian Amazon Open
Summary Here, we developed and applied models to quantitatively reconstruct forest cover and biomass changes at three lakes in northwestern Amazonia over the past > 1500 yr. We used remotely sensed data and a modern dataset of 50 Amazonian…
View article: Contrasting human influences that shaped the vegetation of the Upano Valley, Ecuador.
Contrasting human influences that shaped the vegetation of the Upano Valley, Ecuador. Open
Long histories of human occupation are emerging for the wet forests of the Andean flank, even ones that are apparently ‘pristine’. The past habitations were societally and temporally complex with sophisticated cultures emerging, flourishin…
View article: Tropical Andean climate variations since the last deglaciation
Tropical Andean climate variations since the last deglaciation Open
Global warming during the Last Glacial Termination was interrupted by millennial-scale cool intervals such as the Younger Dryas and the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR). Although these events are well characterized at high latitudes, their im…
View article: Past Fire and Vegetation Change in the Hyperdiverse Forests of the Ecuadorian Amazon
Past Fire and Vegetation Change in the Hyperdiverse Forests of the Ecuadorian Amazon Open
The Ecuadorian Amazon holds more biodiversity than most other places on Earth. Palms are a particularly dominant component of the vegetation; however, it remains unknown to what degree the pattern has persisted through time. Here, we inves…
View article: Ecological Legacies and Ethnotourism: Bridging Science and Community in Ecuador’s Amazonia
Ecological Legacies and Ethnotourism: Bridging Science and Community in Ecuador’s Amazonia Open
This paper offers paradigmatic insights from an international workshop on Ecological Legacies: Bridge Between Science and Community, in Ecuador, in the summer of 2023. The conference brought together foreign and local scholars, tour operat…
View article: The Evolution of Agrarian Landscapes in the Tropical Andes
The Evolution of Agrarian Landscapes in the Tropical Andes Open
Changes in land-use practices have been a central element of human adaptation to Holocene climate change. Many practices that result in the short-term stabilization of socio-natural systems, however, have longer-term, unanticipated consequ…
View article: A brief physiology and pathophysiology of the bladder
A brief physiology and pathophysiology of the bladder Open
The remit of this review is confined to experimental works and publications relevant to the integral theory of female urinary incontinence (IT). Since its first publication in 1990, the IT has challenged the general view that the pathogene…
View article: Quantifying local-scale changes in Amazonian forest cover using phytoliths
Quantifying local-scale changes in Amazonian forest cover using phytoliths Open
The ecosystem services and immense biodiversity of Amazon rainforests are threatened by deforestation and forest degradation. A key goal of modern archaeology and paleoecology in Amazonia is to establish the extent and duration of past for…
View article: A neotropical perspective on the uniqueness of the Holocene among interglacials
A neotropical perspective on the uniqueness of the Holocene among interglacials Open
Understanding how tropical systems have responded to large-scale climate change, such as glacial-interglacial oscillations, and how human impacts have altered those responses is key to current and future ecology. A sedimentary record recov…
View article: Charcoal abundance measurements are affected by freeze-drying
Charcoal abundance measurements are affected by freeze-drying Open
Fire has been a part of Earth system processes for millions of years, and its use has been accelerated once hominins and humans entered landscapes. Charcoal amounts, usually measured by the number of particles or surface area of particles …
View article: Fire in the clouds: How changing land use shaped an Andean biodiversity hotspot
Fire in the clouds: How changing land use shaped an Andean biodiversity hotspot Open
Past land use, particularly fire, affects modern tropical forests. Charcoal from lake sediments is commonly used to estimate past fire parameters such as burn severity and frequency, but fire intensity also plays a major role in shaping ve…
View article: Amazonian pollen assemblages reflect biogeographic gradients and forest cover
Amazonian pollen assemblages reflect biogeographic gradients and forest cover Open
Aim Pollen assemblages are commonly used to reconstruct past climates yet have not yet been used to reconstruct past human activities, including deforestation. We aim to assess (i) how pollen assemblages vary across biogeographic and envir…
View article: Past human‐induced ecological legacies as a driver of modern Amazonian resilience
Past human‐induced ecological legacies as a driver of modern Amazonian resilience Open
People have modified landscapes throughout the Holocene (the last c . 11,700 years) by modifying soils, burning forests, cultivating and domesticating plants, and directly and indirectly enriched and depleted plant abundances. These activi…
View article: Phytolith assemblages reflect variability in human land use and the modern environment
Phytolith assemblages reflect variability in human land use and the modern environment Open
Phytoliths preserved in soils and sediments can be used to provide unique insights into past vegetation dynamics in response to human and climate change. Phytoliths can reconstruct local vegetation in terrestrial soils where pollen grains …
View article: Warming, drought, and disturbances lead to shifts in functional composition: A millennial‐scale analysis for Amazonian and Andean sites
Warming, drought, and disturbances lead to shifts in functional composition: A millennial‐scale analysis for Amazonian and Andean sites Open
Tropical forests are changing in composition and productivity, probably in response to changes in climate and disturbances. The responses to these multiple environmental drivers, and the mechanisms underlying the changes, remain largely un…
View article: BPCA-derived PyC may reflect fire signals over regional scales from the western Amazon Basin fire record
BPCA-derived PyC may reflect fire signals over regional scales from the western Amazon Basin fire record Open
Fire alters the biogeochemical cycling of important elements, plays a role in climate change, and shapes the composition of global biological communities. Detection of past fires has long been used to reconstruct human settlement and clima…
View article: Bridging the Divide from Paleoecology to Neoecology
Bridging the Divide from Paleoecology to Neoecology Open
As paleoecologists we often claim that our science is relevant to conservation, but relatively few management plans are steered by paleoecological insights. One of our common justifications that paleoecology should feature in conservation …
View article: Junin pollen,charcoal and organic data
Junin pollen,charcoal and organic data Open
Fossil pollen, charcoal, and organic material and CO3 inferred from coulometry for Lake Junin between modern and 670 ka
View article: Ecological legacies of past fire and human activity in a Panamanian forest
Ecological legacies of past fire and human activity in a Panamanian forest Open
Societal Impact Statement Tropical forests provide global ecosystem services and harbor much of Earth's terrestrial biodiversity, but the mechanisms driving the patterns of biodiversity remain uncertain. Palms are one of the most abundant …
View article: Human-induced ecological cascades: Extinction, restoration, and rewilding in the Galápagos highlands
Human-induced ecological cascades: Extinction, restoration, and rewilding in the Galápagos highlands Open
Significance The Galápagos Islands are an iconic evolutionary and ecological setting, recognized to be both species-poor and ecologically sensitive. Here, we show an indirect ecological cascade initiated by whalers harvesting tortoises nea…
View article: A palaeoecological perspective on the transformation of the tropical Andes by early human activity
A palaeoecological perspective on the transformation of the tropical Andes by early human activity Open
Palaeoecological records suggest that humans have been in the Andes since at least 14 000 years ago. Early human impacts on Andean ecosystems included an increase in fire activity and the extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna. These chan…