Abstract As we move towards proliferated space and smaller, more cost-effective satellites, miniaturization of quality science instrumentation is becoming necessary and possible. This paper describes the Relativistic Electron Magnetic Spectrometer (REMS), a miniaturization of NASA’s Van Allen Probes’ MagEIS-Medium instrument, which was designed to measure radiation belt electrons. REMS was designed, built, and delivered for NASA’s GTOSat mission (Blum et al. in Proc. SPIE 11389, micro- and nanotechnology sensors, …

Abstract The Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) aboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft has been operating in lunar orbit since 2009. CRaTER data provide a long‐term record of the near‐Moon radiation environment that is relevant to human exploration. In considering requirements for operational instruments on crewed lunar missions that are anticipated in the next several years, the question arises whether real‐time measurements by existing assets such as Geostationary Operational …

Understanding the zenith angle dependence of the Martian surface radiation environment is crucial for planning future human exploration missions to Mars. In our previous research (Wimmer et al. 2015; Guo et al. 2021; Khaksarighiri et al. 2023) we extensively studied the zenith-angle dependence of the Martian surface radiation dose rate. Leveraging the same validated radiation model, calibrated with data from the Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on Mars, we calculated the flux of secondary downward particles rea…

Origins 1. Discover how moon and ring material in the Jovian space environment contribute to radiation belts 2. Reveal the additional particle sources of the Jovian radiation belts Acceleration 3. Discover how Jupiter accelerates charged particles to such exceptionally high energies Loss 4. Reveal the loss processes of energetic charged particles in Jupiter's magnetosphere and resulting X-ray emissions 2036 2036 2037 10 months 3 months 3 months Synchrotron Region 1 5 R J Callisto Io X-ray remote sensing In -S it u…

Radiation belt systems are found at all the sufficiently magnetized and sized planets in our Solar System (i.e., Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune), implying that particle trapping and acceleration in magnetospheric systems is a universal process.We should be conducting more advanced comparative systems science at these accessible radiation belt systems to understand the distinctive and universal processes at each.Future exploration of Earth's radiation belts should focus on comprehensive MLT coverage, i…