Josh Star‐Lack
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View article: Design and optimization of 3D VSHARP® scatter correction for industrial CBCT using the Linear Boltzmann Transport Equation
Design and optimization of 3D VSHARP® scatter correction for industrial CBCT using the Linear Boltzmann Transport Equation Open
We have developed VSHARP®, a suite of scatter correction solutions that have been incorporated into the commercially available cone-beam software development toolkit, CST (Varex Imaging, Salt Lake City, UT) enabling scatter correction to b…
View article: Single‐pass metal artifact reduction using a dual‐layer flat panel detector
Single‐pass metal artifact reduction using a dual‐layer flat panel detector Open
Purpose Metal artifact remains a challenge in cone‐beam CT images. Many image domain‐based segmentation methods have been proposed for metal artifact reduction (MAR), which require two‐pass reconstruction. Such methods first segment metal …
View article: High‐resolution model‐based material decomposition in dual‐layer flat‐panel CBCT
High‐resolution model‐based material decomposition in dual‐layer flat‐panel CBCT Open
Purpose Spectral CT uses energy‐dependent measurements that enable material discrimination in addition to reconstruction of structural information. Flat‐panel detectors (FPDs) have been widely used in dedicated and interventional systems t…
View article: High-Resolution Model-based Material Decomposition for Multi-Layer Flat-Panel Detectors.
High-Resolution Model-based Material Decomposition for Multi-Layer Flat-Panel Detectors. Open
In this work we compare a novel model-based material decomposition (MBMD) approach against a standard approach in high-resolution spectral CT using multi-layer flat-panel detectors. Physical experiments were conducted using a prototype dua…
View article: Characterization and potential applications of a dual‐layer flat‐panel detector
Characterization and potential applications of a dual‐layer flat‐panel detector Open
Purpose Dual‐energy (DE) x‐ray imaging has many clinical applications in radiography, fluoroscopy, and CT. This work characterizes a prototype dual‐layer (DL) flat‐panel detector (FPD) and investigates its DE imaging capabilities for appli…
View article: Model-based material decomposition with system blur modeling
Model-based material decomposition with system blur modeling Open
In this work, we present a novel model-based material decomposition (MBMD) approach for x-ray CT that includes system blur in the measurement model. Such processing has the potential to extend spatial resolution in material density estimat…
View article: Comparative study of dual energy cone-beam CT using a dual-layer detector and kVp switching for material decomposition
Comparative study of dual energy cone-beam CT using a dual-layer detector and kVp switching for material decomposition Open
Cone-beam CT (CBCT) is widely used in diagnostic imaging and image-guided procedures, leading to an increasing need for advanced CBCT techniques, such as dual energy (DE) imaging. Previous studies have shown that DE-CBCT can perform quanti…
View article: Projection-domain metal artifact correction using a dual layer detector
Projection-domain metal artifact correction using a dual layer detector Open
Metal artifact remains a challenge in cone-beam CT images. Many two-pass metal artifact reduction methods have been proposed, which work fairly well, but are limited when the metal is outside the scan field-of-view (FOV) or when the metal …
View article: Scatter Correction for Industrial Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Using VSHARP, a fast GPU-Based Linear Boltzmann Transport Equation Solver
Scatter Correction for Industrial Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Using VSHARP, a fast GPU-Based Linear Boltzmann Transport Equation Solver Open
The use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to inspect objects containing aluminum, Inconel and other metals is a challenge due to high amounts of scattered radiation in the projection data. Following in the footsteps of VSHARP, our ke…
View article: A fast, linear Boltzmann transport equation solver for computed tomography dose calculation (Acuros <scp>CTD</scp>)
A fast, linear Boltzmann transport equation solver for computed tomography dose calculation (Acuros <span>CTD</span>) Open
Purpose To improve dose reporting of CT scans, patient‐specific organ doses are highly desired. However, estimating the dose distribution in a fast and accurate manner remains challenging, despite advances in Monte Carlo methods. In this w…
View article: Investigation of combined <scp>kV</scp>/<scp>MV CBCT</scp> imaging with a high‐<scp>DQE MV</scp> detector
Investigation of combined <span>kV</span>/<span>MV CBCT</span> imaging with a high‐<span>DQE MV</span> detector Open
Purpose Combined kV – MV cone‐beam tomography ( CBCT ) imaging has been proposed for two potentially important image‐guided radiotherapy applications: (a) scan time reduction ( STR ) and (b) metal artifact reduction ( MAR ). However, the f…
View article: Dual edge apparatus and algorithm for measurement of x‐ray beam spot parameters
Dual edge apparatus and algorithm for measurement of x‐ray beam spot parameters Open
Purpose The shape, size, and location of the x‐ray beam spot (where the electron beam strikes the target) in a linac‐based radiation therapy machine are of potential clinical significance. Established techniques to measure the beam spot pa…
View article: A modified McKinnon‐Bates (<scp>MKB</scp>) algorithm for improved 4D cone‐beam computed tomography (<scp>CBCT</scp>) of the lung
A modified McKinnon‐Bates (<span>MKB</span>) algorithm for improved 4D cone‐beam computed tomography (<span>CBCT</span>) of the lung Open
Purpose Four‐dimensional (4D) cone‐beam computed tomography ( CBCT ) of the lung is an effective tool for motion management in radiotherapy but presents a challenge because of slow gantry rotation times. Sorting the individual projections …
View article: Physics considerations in MV-CBCT multi-layer imager design
Physics considerations in MV-CBCT multi-layer imager design Open
Megavoltage (MV) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using an electronic portal imaging (EPID) offers advantageous features, including 3D mapping, treatment beam registration, high-z artifact suppression, and direct radiation dose calcula…
View article: Multi-layer imager design for mega-voltage spectral imaging
Multi-layer imager design for mega-voltage spectral imaging Open
The architecture of multi-layer imagers (MLIs) can be exploited to provide megavoltage spectral imaging (MVSPI) for specific imaging tasks. In the current work, we investigated bone suppression and gold fiducial contrast enhancement as two…
View article: Acuros<scp>CTS</scp>: A fast, linear Boltzmann transport equation solver for computed tomography scatter – Part I: Core algorithms and validation
Acuros<span>CTS</span>: A fast, linear Boltzmann transport equation solver for computed tomography scatter – Part I: Core algorithms and validation Open
Purpose To describe Acuros ® CTS , a new software tool for rapidly and accurately estimating scatter in x‐ray projection images by deterministically solving the linear Boltzmann transport equation ( LBTE ). Methods The LBTE describes the b…
View article: Acuros <scp>CTS</scp>: A fast, linear Boltzmann transport equation solver for computed tomography scatter – Part <scp>II</scp>: System modeling, scatter correction, and optimization
Acuros <span>CTS</span>: A fast, linear Boltzmann transport equation solver for computed tomography scatter – Part <span>II</span>: System modeling, scatter correction, and optimization Open
Purpose To correct for scatter in kV cone‐beam CT (CBCT) projection data on a clinical system using a new tool, Acuros ® CTS, that estimates scatter images rapidly and accurately by deterministically solving the linear Boltzmann transport …
View article: Leveraging multi-layer imager detector design to improve low-dose performance for megavoltage cone-beam computed tomography
Leveraging multi-layer imager detector design to improve low-dose performance for megavoltage cone-beam computed tomography Open
While megavoltage cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) provides many advantages over kilovoltage (kV) CBCT, clinical adoption is limited by its high doses. Multi-layer imager (MLI) EPIDs inc…
View article: Spectral imaging using clinical megavoltage beams and a novel multi-layer imager
Spectral imaging using clinical megavoltage beams and a novel multi-layer imager Open
We assess the feasibility of clinical megavoltage (MV) spectral imaging for material and bone separation with a novel multi-layer imager (MLI) prototype. The MLI provides higher detective quantum efficiency and lower noise than conventiona…
View article: A novel method for quantification of beam's‐eye‐view tumor tracking performance
A novel method for quantification of beam's‐eye‐view tumor tracking performance Open
Purpose In‐treatment imaging using an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) can be used to confirm patient and tumor positioning. Real‐time tumor tracking performance using current digital megavolt (MV) imagers is hindered by poor image …
View article: A novel multilayer <scp>MV</scp> imager computational model for component optimization
A novel multilayer <span>MV</span> imager computational model for component optimization Open
Purpose A novel Megavoltage ( MV ) multilayer imager ( MLI ) design featuring higher detective quantum efficiency and lower noise than current conventional MV imagers in clinical use has been recently reported. Optimization of the MLI desi…
View article: Super-resolution imaging in a multiple layer EPID
Super-resolution imaging in a multiple layer EPID Open
A new portal imager consisting of four vertically stacked conventional electronic portal imaging device (EPID) layers has been constructed in pursuit of improved detective quantum efficiency (DQE). We hypothesize that super-resolution (SR)…
View article: Accuracy of patient-specific organ dose estimates obtained using an automated image segmentation algorithm
Accuracy of patient-specific organ dose estimates obtained using an automated image segmentation algorithm Open
The overall goal of this work is to develop a rapid, accurate, and automated software tool to estimate patient-specific organ doses from computed tomography (CT) scans using simulations to generate dose maps combined with automated segment…
View article: A novel EPID design for enhanced contrast and detective quantum efficiency
A novel EPID design for enhanced contrast and detective quantum efficiency Open
Beams-eye-view imaging applications such as real-time soft-tissue motion estimation are hindered by the inherently low image contrast of electronic portal imaging devices (EPID) currently available for clinical use. We introduce and charac…
View article: A piecewise‐focused high DQE detector for MV imaging
A piecewise‐focused high DQE detector for MV imaging Open
Purpose: Electronic portal imagers (EPIDs) with high detective quantum efficiencies (DQEs) are sought to facilitate the use of the megavoltage (MV) radiotherapy treatment beam for image guidance. Potential advantages include high quality (…