Explanipedia

Application of Deep Learning to the Classification of Stokes Profiles: From the Quiet Sun to Sunspots Open

R. J. Campbell, M. Mathioudakis, C. Quintero Noda, P. H. Keys, D. Orozco Suárez · 2025

The morphology of circular polarization profiles from solar spectropolarimetric observations encodes information about the magnetic field strength, inclination, and line-of-sight velocity gradients. Previous studies used manual methods or …

Application of Deep Learning to the Classification of Stokes Profiles: From the Quiet Sun to Sunspots Open

Ryan James Campbell, M. Mathioudakis, C. Quintero Noda, P. H. Keys, D. Orozco Suárez · 2025

The morphology of circular polarisation profiles from solar spectropolarimetric observations encode information about the magnetic field strength, inclination, and line-of-sight velocity gradients. Previous studies used manual methods or u…

Insight into the Solar Plage Chromosphere with DKIST Open

D. Kuridze, H. Uitenbroek, Friedrich Wöger, M. Mathioudakis, Huw Morgan , et al. · 2024

The strongly coupled hydrodynamic, magnetic, and radiation properties of the plasma in the solar chromosphere make it a region of the Sun's atmosphere that is poorly understood. We use data obtained with the high-resolution Visible Broadba…

Identifying Plasma Fractionation Processes in the Chromosphere Using IRIS Open

David M. Long, Deborah Baker, Andy S. H. To, L. van Driel‐Gesztelyi, David H. Brooks , et al. · 2024

The composition of the solar corona differs from that of the photosphere, with the plasma thought to fractionate in the solar chromosphere according to the first ionization potential (FIP) of the different elements. This produces a FIP bia…

Identifying plasma fractionation processes in the chromosphere using IRIS Open

David M. Long, Deborah Baker, Andy S. H. To, L. van Driel‐Gesztelyi, David H. Brooks , et al. · 2024

The composition of the solar corona differs from that of the photosphere, with the plasma thought to fractionate in the solar chromosphere according to the First Ionisation Potential (FIP) of the different elements. This produces a FIP bia…

Deconstructing Photospheric Spectral Lines in Solar and Stellar Flares Open

Aaron J. Monson, M. Mathioudakis, Adam F. Kowalski · 2024

During solar flares, spectral lines formed in the photosphere have been shown to exhibit changes to their profiles despite the challenges of energy transfer to these depths. Recent work has shown that deep-forming spectral lines are subjec…

Insight into the solar plage chromosphere with DKIST Open

D. Kuridze, H. Uitenbroek, Friedrich Wöger, M. Mathioudakis, Huw Morgan , et al. · 2024

The strongly coupled hydrodynamic, magnetic, and radiation properties of the plasma in the solar chromosphere makes it a region of the Sun's atmosphere that is poorly understood. We use data obtained with the high-resolution Visible Broadb…

Deconstructing Photospheric Spectral Lines in Solar and Stellar Flares Open

Aaron J. Monson, M. Mathioudakis, Adam F. Kowalski · 2024

During solar flares, spectral lines formed in the photosphere have been shown to exhibit changes to their profiles despite the challenges of energy transfer to these depths. Recent work has shown that deep-forming spectral lines are subjec…

Statistical Signatures of Nanoflare Activity. III. Evidence of Enhanced Nanoflaring Rates in Fully Convective stars as Observed by the NGTS Open

S. D. T. Grant, D. B. Jess, C. J. Dillon, M. Mathioudakis, C. A. Watson , et al. · 2023

Previous examinations of fully convective M-dwarf stars have highlighted enhanced rates of nanoflare activity on these distant stellar sources. However, the specific role the convective boundary, which is believed to be present for spectra…

DKIST Unveils the Serpentine Topology of Quiet Sun Magnetism in the Photosphere Open

R. J. Campbell, P. H. Keys, M. Mathioudakis, Friedrich Wöger, Thomas A. Schad , et al. · 2023

We present the first quiet Sun spectropolarimetric observations obtained with the Visible SpectroPolarimeter at the 4 m Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope. We recorded observations in a wavelength range that includes the magnetically sensiti…

Statistical Signatures of Nanoflare Activity. III. Evidence of Enhanced Nanoflaring Rates in Fully Convective stars as Observed by the NGTS Open

S. D. T. Grant, D. B. Jess, C. J. Dillon, M. Mathioudakis, C. A. Watson , et al. · 2023

Previous examinations of fully-convective M-dwarf stars have highlighted enhanced rates of nanoflare activity on these distant stellar sources. However, the specific role the convective boundary, which is believed to be present for spectra…

Firefly: the science case for a full view of the solar sphere Open

L. K. Harra, L. Fletcher, L. Gizon, S. K. Solanki, M. Romoli , et al. · 2023

This white paper indicates the support of the European and Japanese communities for the Firefly mission concept (see white paper led by Nour Raouafi). An ambitious mission such as Firefly provides extensive opportunities to answer scientif…

Power-law Distribution of Solar Cycle–modulated Coronal Jets Open

Jiajia Liu, Anchuan Song, D. B. Jess, Jie Zhang, M. Mathioudakis , et al. · 2023

Power-law distributions have been studied as a significant characteristic of nonlinear dissipative systems. Since discovering the power-law distribution of solar flares that was later extended to nanoflares and stellar flares, it has been …

On the 5-Minute Oscillations of Photospheric and Chromospheric Swirls Open

Jiajia Liu, D. B. Jess, R. Erdélyi, M. Mathioudakis · 2023

Swirls are ubiquitous in the solar atmosphere. They are believed to be related to the excitation of different modes of magnetohydrodynamic waves and pulses, as well as spicules. However, statistical studies of their collective behaviour ar…

The F-CHROMA grid of 1D RADYN flare models Open

M. Carlsson, L. Fletcher, Joel C. Allred, P. Heinzel, J. Kašparová , et al. · 2023

Context . Solar flares are the result of the sudden release of magnetic energy in the corona. Much of this energy goes into accelerating charged particles to high velocity. These particles travel along the magnetic field and the energy is …

The F-CHROMA grid of 1D RADYN flare models Open

M. Carlsson, L. Fletcher, Joel C. Allred, P. Heinzel, J. Kašparová , et al. · 2023

Context: Solar flares are the result of the sudden release of magnetic energy in the corona. Much of this energy goes into accelerating charged particles to high velocity. These particles travel along the magnetic field and the energy is d…

Formation of the Lyman Continuum during Solar Flares Open

S. McLaughlin, Ryan O. Milligan, Graham S. Kerr, Aaron J. Monson, Paulo J. A. Simões , et al. · 2023

The Lyman continuum (LyC; <911.12 Å) forms at the top of the chromosphere in the quiet Sun, making LyC a powerful tool for probing the chromospheric plasma during solar flares. To understand the effects of nonthermal energy deposition in t…

Exploring Magnetic Loops and Serpentine Fields in the Quiet Sun with the GRIS-IFU Open

R. J. Campbell, R. Gafeira, M. Mathioudakis, C. Quintero Noda, M. Collados · 2023

Synthetic observations produced from radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations have predicted that higher polarization fractions in the quiet solar photosphere would be revealed by increasing the total integration time of observations at G…

Exploring magnetic loops and serpentine fields in the quiet Sun with the GRIS-IFU Open

Ryan James Campbell, R. Gafeira, M. Mathioudakis, C. Quintero Noda, M. Collados · 2023

Synthetic observations produced from radiative magnetohydronamic simulations have predicted that higher polarization fractions in the quiet solar photosphere would be revealed by increasing the total integration time of observations at GRE…

Formation Of The Lyman Continuum During Solar Flares Open

S. McLaughlin, Ryan O. Milligan, Graham S. Kerr, Aaron J. Monson, Paulo J. A. Simões , et al. · 2023

The Lyman Continuum (LyC; $<911.12$Å) forms at the top of the chromosphere in the quiet-Sun, making LyC a powerful tool for probing the chromospheric plasma during solar flares. To understand the effects of non-thermal energy deposition in…

Preemergence Signatures of Horizontal Divergent Flows in Solar Active Regions Open

T. Rees-Crockford, C. J. Nelson, M. Mathioudakis · 2022

Solar active regions (ARs) play a fundamental role in driving many of the geoeffective eruptions, which propagate into the solar system. However, we are still unable to consistently predict where and when ARs will occur across the solar di…

HiRISE - High-Resolution Imaging and Spectroscopy Explorer - Ultrahigh resolution, interferometric and external occulting coronagraphic science Open

R. Erdélyi, Luc Damé, A. Fludra, M. Mathioudakis, T. Amari , et al. · 2022

Recent solar physics missions have shown the definite role of waves and magnetic fields deep in the inner corona, at the chromosphere-corona interface, where dramatic and physically dominant changes occur. HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging a…

Implications of spicule activity on coronal loop heating and catastrophic cooling Open

Nived Vilangot Nhalil, E. Scullion, J. G. Doyle, Roberto Susino, Patrick Antolin , et al. · 2021

We report on the properties of coronal loop foot-point heating with observations at the highest resolution, from the CRisp Imaging Spectro-Polarimeter located at the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope and co-aligned NASA Solar Dynamics Observator…

The high-energy Sun - probing the origins of particle acceleration on our nearest star Open

S. A. Matthews, Hamish Reid, Deborah Baker, D. Shaun Bloomfield, P. K. Browning , et al. · 2021

As a frequent and energetic particle accelerator, our Sun provides us with an excellent astrophysical laboratory for understanding the fundamental process of particle acceleration. The exploitation of radiative diagnostics from electrons h…

Flare Induced Sunquake Signatures in the Ultraviolet as Observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly Open

Sean Quinn, M. Mathioudakis, Christopher J. Nelson, Ryan O. Milligan, A. Reid , et al. · 2021

Sunquakes (SQs) have been routinely observed in the solar photosphere, but it is only recently that signatures of these events have been detected in the chromosphere. We investigate whether signatures of SQs are common in Ultraviolet (UV) …

Flare-induced Sunquake Signatures in the Ultraviolet as Observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly Open

Sean Quinn, M. Mathioudakis, Christopher J. Nelson, Ryan O. Milligan, A. Reid , et al. · 2021

Sunquakes (SQs) have been routinely observed in the solar photosphere, but it is only recently that signatures of these events have been detected in the chromosphere. We investigate whether signatures of SQs are common in ultraviolet (UV) …

NGTS Observations of Enhanced Nanoflare Activity in Fully Convective Stars Linked to Plasma Resistivity Open

C. J. Dillon, D. B. Jess, M. Mathioudakis, Chris Watson, James A. G. Jackman , et al. · 2021

Previous examination of fully-convective M-dwarf stars highlighted unexplained enhanced rates of nanoflare activity. A potential explanation was linked to the helical turbulence dynamo which operates in fully convective stars. However, rec…

Temporal evolution of small-scale internetwork magnetic fields in the solar photosphere <i>(Corrigendum)</i> Open

R. J. Campbell, M. Mathioudakis, M. Collados, P. H. Keys, A. Asensio Ramos , et al. · 2021

We correct a typographical error in the original paper.Figures 10, 12, 14, 15, and 16 contain a table in the top right panel with four columns and four rows of values.The line of sight velocity, v LOS , values for scheme 1 inversions (in t…

Temporal evolution of small-scale internetwork magnetic fields in the solar photosphere Open

R. J. Campbell, M. Mathioudakis, M. Collados, P. H. Keys, A. Asensio Ramos , et al. · 2021

Context. While the longitudinal field that dominates in photospheric network regions has been studied extensively, small-scale transverse fields have recently been found to be ubiquitous in the quiet internetwork photosphere and this merit…

Oscillations in the line-of-sight magnetic field strength in a pore observed by the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS) Open

C. J. Nelson, R. J. Campbell, M. Mathioudakis · 2021

Context. Numerous magnetohydrodynamic oscillations have been reported within solar pores over the past few decades, including in line-of-sight (LOS) velocities, intensities, and magnetic field strengths. Aims. Our aim is to identify whethe…

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