Michael F. Scheier
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View article: Optimism versus pessimism as predictors of physical health: A comprehensive reanalysis of dispositional optimism research.
Optimism versus pessimism as predictors of physical health: A comprehensive reanalysis of dispositional optimism research. Open
Prior research has related dispositional optimism to physical health. Traditionally, dispositional optimism is treated as a bipolar construct, anchored at one end by optimism and the other by pessimism. Optimism and pessimism, however, may…
View article: On the mechanics of goal striving: Experimental evidence of coasting and shifting.
On the mechanics of goal striving: Experimental evidence of coasting and shifting. Open
Carver and Scheier's (1990) account of goal striving predicts that unexpectedly fast goal progress leads to reduced effort at that goal (coasting) and to shifting focus toward other goals (shifting). Although these hypotheses are key to th…
View article: Dispositional optimism and physical health: A long look back, a quick look forward.
Dispositional optimism and physical health: A long look back, a quick look forward. Open
Dispositional optimism is the generalized, relatively stable tendency to expect good outcomes across important life domains. This article provides a representative review of 30 years of research on dispositional optimism and physical well-…
View article: Putting the life in lifestyle: Lifestyle choices after a diagnosis of cancer predicts overall survival
Putting the life in lifestyle: Lifestyle choices after a diagnosis of cancer predicts overall survival Open
Background The aim of this study was to examine predictors of health behaviors over time and the link between health behaviors and survival after a diagnosis of advanced cancer. Methods Patients with a diagnosis of advanced cancer were adm…
View article: Cigarette tax rates, behavioral disengagement, and quit ratios among daily smokers
Cigarette tax rates, behavioral disengagement, and quit ratios among daily smokers Open
View article: Cigarette Tax Rates, Behavioral Disengagement, and Quit Ratios among Daily Smokers
Cigarette Tax Rates, Behavioral Disengagement, and Quit Ratios among Daily Smokers Open
Cigarette taxation is an economics-based policy associated with increased population-level quit ratios. However, the estimated effects of tax increase on smoking behavior vary substantially, underscoring the need to identify moderating var…
View article: Action, Affect, Multitasking, and Layers of Control
Action, Affect, Multitasking, and Layers of Control Open
This chapter describes aspects of the view we hold on the self-regulation of action and affect. It begins with the idea that two layers of feedback processes manage two different aspects of behavior, operating together, allowing people to …
View article: Are Optimism and Cynical Hostility Associated with Smoking Cessation in Older Women?
Are Optimism and Cynical Hostility Associated with Smoking Cessation in Older Women? Open
BACKGROUND: Optimism and cynical hostility independently predict morbidity and mortality in Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) participants, and are associated with current smoking. However, their association with smoking cessation in older w…
View article: The whole is not the sum of its parts: Specific types of positive affect influence sleep differentially.
The whole is not the sum of its parts: Specific types of positive affect influence sleep differentially. Open
Given the known detrimental effects of poor sleep on an array of psychological and physical health processes, it is critical to understand the factors that protect sleep, especially during times of stress when sleep particularly suffers. P…
View article: The Benefits of Goal Adjustment Capacities for Well‐Being Among Women With Breast Cancer: Potential Mechanisms of Action
The Benefits of Goal Adjustment Capacities for Well‐Being Among Women With Breast Cancer: Potential Mechanisms of Action Open
Breast cancer can seriously disrupt a person's important life goals. As such, the ability to adjust one's goals may be critical for well‐being. The present study investigated the relationships between disengagement/reengagement capacity an…
View article: Testing the Independence of Multiple Personality Factors in Relation to Health Among Community-Dwelling Older Men
Testing the Independence of Multiple Personality Factors in Relation to Health Among Community-Dwelling Older Men Open
Objective: We assessed associations between specific personality factors and health, and tested whether specific personality factors were related to health outcomes independent of each other. Method: We performed cross-sectional analyses o…
View article: Randomized psychosocial interventions for breast cancer: impact on life purpose
Randomized psychosocial interventions for breast cancer: impact on life purpose Open
Objective The present study sought to identify mediators underlying the effects of an education and a peer support intervention for women with breast cancer and to determine if the efficacy of a peer support intervention is moderated by ca…