Michael D. Shields
YOU?
Author Swipe
View article: Bacterial communities co-develop with respiratory immunity early in life, linking dysbiosis to systemic monocyte signature and wheezing
Bacterial communities co-develop with respiratory immunity early in life, linking dysbiosis to systemic monocyte signature and wheezing Open
Early microbial colonization influences respiratory disease risk, yet mechanisms remain unclear. In a prospective birth cohort of 256 infants, we profiled bacterial, fungal, and viral communities in the upper airway and assessed local immu…
View article: Age-dependent expression and antiviral activity of interferon epsilon in respiratory epithelium
Age-dependent expression and antiviral activity of interferon epsilon in respiratory epithelium Open
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease burden is greatest between six weeks and 6 months of life, with young age the most common risk factor among hospitalised children. A robust innate immune response in the airway epithelium is crucia…
View article: Service development project to pilot a digital technology innovation for video direct observation of therapy in adult patients with asthma
Service development project to pilot a digital technology innovation for video direct observation of therapy in adult patients with asthma Open
Background Adherence to pharmacotherapy and use of the correct inhaler technique are important basic principles of asthma management. Video- or remote-direct observation of therapy (v-DOT) could be a feasible approach to facilitate monitor…
View article: Time to re-set our thinking about airways disease: lessons from history, the resurgence of chronic bronchitis / PBB and modern concepts in microbiology
Time to re-set our thinking about airways disease: lessons from history, the resurgence of chronic bronchitis / PBB and modern concepts in microbiology Open
In contrast to significant declines in deaths due to lung cancer and cardiac disease in Westernised countries, the mortality due to ‘chronic obstructive pulmonary disease’ (COPD) has minimally changed in recent decades while ‘the incidence…
View article: Effect of Human Head Shape on the Risk of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Gaussian Process Regression-Based Machine Learning Approach
Effect of Human Head Shape on the Risk of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Gaussian Process Regression-Based Machine Learning Approach Open
Introduction Computational head injury models are promising tools for understanding and predicting traumatic brain injuries. However, most available head injury models are “average” models that employ a single set of head geometry (e.g., 5…
View article: Medication Adherence in Children with Asthma
Medication Adherence in Children with Asthma Open
Asthma is the most common chronic disease in childhood. If untreated, asthma can lead to debilitating daily symptoms which affect quality of life, but more importantly can lead to fatal asthma attacks which unfortunately still occur global…
View article: Review of the Safety, Efficacy and Tolerability of Palivizumab in the Prevention of Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Disease
Review of the Safety, Efficacy and Tolerability of Palivizumab in the Prevention of Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Disease Open
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a major global cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody that provides passive immunity against RSV, is currently licensed for prophylactic use in specific "high-ris…
View article: A porcine bladder model of pre‐clinical urodynamics demonstrates increased afferent nerve activity during filling
A porcine bladder model of pre‐clinical urodynamics demonstrates increased afferent nerve activity during filling Open
Introduction and Objectives Urodynamics are the accepted gold standard for the evaluation of multiple forms of voiding dysfunction. However, the tests are expensive, invasive, poorly reproducible, and often prone to artifacts. Therefore, t…
View article: Reducing oral steroid intolerability and drug costs for acute wheezers: A retrospective evaluation of a clinical management algorithm in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Reducing oral steroid intolerability and drug costs for acute wheezers: A retrospective evaluation of a clinical management algorithm in a Pediatric Emergency Department Open
Project Aim To retrospectively evaluate a clinical management algorithm for acute wheezers in a UK Pediatric Emergency Department (PED). Overview and Rationale Acute wheezing attacks are a leading cause of PED attendances and inpatient adm…
View article: The use of remote video directly observed therapy to improve both inhaler technique and adherence to asthma medications
The use of remote video directly observed therapy to improve both inhaler technique and adherence to asthma medications Open
Incorrect inhaler technique and non-adherence to inhaled preventer therapy often is the cause of poorly controlled asthma. Detecting and correcting non-adherence in asthma therapy has proven difficult. In addition, while patients may be ab…
View article: History Taking as a Diagnostic Tool in Children With Chronic Cough
History Taking as a Diagnostic Tool in Children With Chronic Cough Open
Chronic cough is a common symptom of many underlying respiratory and non-respiratory disorders and may be associated with less serious causes, such as gastroesophageal reflux and nasal diseases. Chronic cough in children differs from that …
View article: PSIII-15 Effect of <i>Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Boulardii</i> CNCM I-1079 Supplementation to Sows on Colostrum igG Concentration
PSIII-15 Effect of <i>Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Boulardii</i> CNCM I-1079 Supplementation to Sows on Colostrum igG Concentration Open
The transmission of passive immunity from the sow to the neonate piglets through colostrum is crucial for their future development. The aim of this experiment was to demonstrate that feeding the live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardi…
View article: Restoring ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) activity in an OTC‐deficient mouse model using LUNAR‐OTC mRNA
Restoring ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) activity in an OTC‐deficient mouse model using LUNAR‐OTC mRNA Open
Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) catalyses the reaction from ornithine to citrulline in the urea cycle. Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) results in episodes of hyperammonemia. Arcturus Therapeutics developed a lipid nanoparticl…
View article: Implementation of a Children's Safe Asthma Discharge Care Pathway Reduces the Risk of Future Asthma Attacks in Children–A Retrospective Quality Improvement Report
Implementation of a Children's Safe Asthma Discharge Care Pathway Reduces the Risk of Future Asthma Attacks in Children–A Retrospective Quality Improvement Report Open
Background Many children attend Emergency Departments (ED) and Out of Hours (OoH) frequently for acute asthma. Follow up care is often suboptimal leaving these children at risk of a future attacks. We report on the development, implementat…
View article: Early life inter-kingdom interactions shape the immunological environment of the airways
Early life inter-kingdom interactions shape the immunological environment of the airways Open
Background There is increasing evidence that the airway microbiome plays a key role in the establishment of respiratory health by interacting with the developing immune system early in life. While it has become clear that bacteria are invo…
View article: Heeding the call: an empirical evaluation of gentrifacation research
Heeding the call: an empirical evaluation of gentrifacation research Open
The field of gentrification research remains at a critical juncture. The current stream of research has largely abandoned the task of asking the "big questions" of measuring, identifying, and predicting gentrification in favor of highlight…
View article: How Inhaler Technique is Assessed in Children and Young People: A Scoping Review Protocol
How Inhaler Technique is Assessed in Children and Young People: A Scoping Review Protocol Open
BackgroundAsthma is the most common chronic childhood condition. Unfortunately, many children have poorly controlled asthma. Current guidelines strongly recommend that all asthma review appointments must include an assessment of the patien…
View article: Inhibition of the TLR4 signalling pathway with TAK-242 reduces RSV infection and cytokine release in primary airway epithelial cells
Inhibition of the TLR4 signalling pathway with TAK-242 reduces RSV infection and cytokine release in primary airway epithelial cells Open
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the leading cause of hospitalisation in children worldwide, but there is still no vaccine or anti-viral treatment available. RSV has been implicated in the development of respiratory diseases …
View article: The Impact of Breastfeeding on Neurocognitive Outcome at Twelve Years – Secondary Analysis of a Prospective Cohort Study
The Impact of Breastfeeding on Neurocognitive Outcome at Twelve Years – Secondary Analysis of a Prospective Cohort Study Open
Background The objectives of this secondary analysis were to compare the; (i) cognitive and (ii) behavioural outcomes in children born congenitally normal, non-preterm, and non-growth restricted that were breastfed beyond one month of age …
View article: Mobile video directly observed therapy can be used to improve at-home inhaler technique in children with asthma
Mobile video directly observed therapy can be used to improve at-home inhaler technique in children with asthma Open
Most children and parents have mobile smartphones that can be used to record videos while the child uses their inhaler. The timed (stamped with date and time) videos can be submitted to a secure repository. An asthma nurse then can review …
View article: Can omalizumab be used effectively to treat severe conjunctivitis in children with asthma? A case example and review of the literature
Can omalizumab be used effectively to treat severe conjunctivitis in children with asthma? A case example and review of the literature Open
A 14-year-old girl with poorly controlled asthma attended the difficult-to-treat asthma clinic for review. Although she has eosinophilia and significantly raised immunoglobulin E levels, she is not currently a candidate for omalizumab (Xol…
View article: Do Grandchildren whose Grandmother Smoked while Pregnant with the Mother have a Higher Risk of Childhood Asthma? A Protocol for a Systematic Review.
Do Grandchildren whose Grandmother Smoked while Pregnant with the Mother have a Higher Risk of Childhood Asthma? A Protocol for a Systematic Review. Open
Background: Mothers smoking while pregnant is known to increase the offspring risk of subsequent wheezing or asthma. It is less well known whether this phenomenal occurs trans-generationally, which would suggest potential epigenetic transf…