Jatin M. Vyas
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View article: Immunomodulatory functions of fungal melanins in respiratory infections
Immunomodulatory functions of fungal melanins in respiratory infections Open
The rate of invasive fungal infections has risen drastically over the last decade and continues to carry devastatingly high mortality rates. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines and limited antifungal agents in clinical trials for fun…
View article: Single-cell analysis of human airway epithelium identifies cell-type-specific responses to <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Coccidioides</i>
Single-cell analysis of human airway epithelium identifies cell-type-specific responses to <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Coccidioides</i> Open
Respiratory fungal infections pose a significant threat to human health. Animal models do not fully recapitulate human disease, necessitating advanced models to study human-fungal pathogen interactions. In this study, we utilized primary h…
View article: The Changing Paradigm in Infectious Diseases—Host-Directed Medicine: Implications for the Next Generation of ID Physicians
The Changing Paradigm in Infectious Diseases—Host-Directed Medicine: Implications for the Next Generation of ID Physicians Open
The engagement of medical trainees to the field of infectious diseases has waned over recent years. While the reasons for this decline are multifactorial, one prominent concern is the perception that infectious disease specialists serve me…
View article: Virologic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection across evolving Omicron subvariants
Virologic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection across evolving Omicron subvariants Open
BACKGROUNDSARS-CoV-2 has evolved subvariants since the emergence of the Omicron variant in 2021. Whether these changes impact viral shedding and transmissibility is not known.METHODSPOSITIVES is a prospective longitudinal cohort of individ…
View article: Cross-Neutralization of Distant Coronaviruses Strongly Correlates with Spike S2-Specific Antibodies from Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients
Cross-Neutralization of Distant Coronaviruses Strongly Correlates with Spike S2-Specific Antibodies from Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients Open
Background/Objectives: Despite the lifting of the COVID-19 public health emergency, SARS-CoV-2 infections continue to be recorded worldwide. The continued prevalence of infection has been attributed to the ability of the virus to evade hos…
View article: Human Brain Organoids: A New Model to Study Cryptococcus neoformans Neurotropism
Human Brain Organoids: A New Model to Study Cryptococcus neoformans Neurotropism Open
With the rise in immunocompromised individuals and patients with immune-related comorbidities such as COVID-19, the rate of fungal infections is growing. This increase, along with the current plateau in antifungal drug development, has mad…
View article: NorA and Tet38 efflux pumps enable <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> survival in the cystic fibrosis airway environment, resistance to antibiotics, and coinfection with <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>
NorA and Tet38 efflux pumps enable <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> survival in the cystic fibrosis airway environment, resistance to antibiotics, and coinfection with <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Open
Efflux pumps play multiple roles in bacterial physiology, environmental adaptation, and antibiotic resistance. Early cystic fibrosis (CF) airway infections start with Staphylococcus aureus ( SA ), often later followed by Pseudomonas aerugi…
View article: Human Brain Organoids: A New Model to Study <em>Cryptococcus neoformans </em>Neurotropism
Human Brain Organoids: A New Model to Study <em>Cryptococcus neoformans </em>Neurotropism Open
With the rise in immunocompromised individuals and patients with immune-related comorbidities such as COVID-19, the rate of fungal infections is growing. This increase, along with the current plateau in anti-fungal drug development, has ma…
View article: An insider’s guide to understanding and obtaining an NIH K career development award
An insider’s guide to understanding and obtaining an NIH K career development award Open
Physician-scientists in academic medical centers require extramural grant support to launch and maintain their research careers. In order to cultivate the next generation of biomedical researchers, including physician-scientists, the NIH s…
View article: Immunotherapy for Infectious Diseases: Back to the Future
Immunotherapy for Infectious Diseases: Back to the Future Open
View article: Extracellular vesicles from diverse fungal pathogens induce species-specific and endocytosis-dependent immunomodulation
Extracellular vesicles from diverse fungal pathogens induce species-specific and endocytosis-dependent immunomodulation Open
Microbial pathogens generate extracellular vesicles (EVs) for intercellular communication and quorum sensing. Microbial EVs also induce inflammatory pathways within host innate immune cells. We previously demonstrated that EVs secreted by …
View article: Paving the physician-scientist career path: from grassroots gathering to national forum
Paving the physician-scientist career path: from grassroots gathering to national forum Open
The Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine (AAIM) first convened a workshop in 2015 that brought a small group of internal medicine program directors together who recognized the growing success of early-phase physician-scientist training …
View article: Macrophage ferroptosis inhibits <i>Aspergillus</i> conidial killing in lung transplantation
Macrophage ferroptosis inhibits <i>Aspergillus</i> conidial killing in lung transplantation Open
Immune suppression heightens the risk for fungal infections, but the mechanisms that result in clinical disease are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that macrophage ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, inhibit…
View article: Modeling suggests SARS-CoV-2 rebound after nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment is driven by target cell preservation coupled with incomplete viral clearance
Modeling suggests SARS-CoV-2 rebound after nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment is driven by target cell preservation coupled with incomplete viral clearance Open
In a subset of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals treated with the antiviral nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, the virus rebounds following treatment. The mechanisms driving this rebound are not well understood. We used a mathematical model to describe…
View article: Extracellular vesicles from diverse fungal pathogens induce species-specific and endocytosis-dependent immunomodulation
Extracellular vesicles from diverse fungal pathogens induce species-specific and endocytosis-dependent immunomodulation Open
Microbial pathogens generate extracellular vesicles (EVs) for intercellular communication and quorum sensing. Microbial EVs also induce inflammatory pathways within host innate immune cells. We previously demonstrated that EVs secreted by …
View article: Cross-neutralization of distant coronaviruses correlates with Spike S2-specific antibodies from immunocompetent and immunocompromised vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected patients
Cross-neutralization of distant coronaviruses correlates with Spike S2-specific antibodies from immunocompetent and immunocompromised vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected patients Open
As of May 2023, the public health emergency of COVID-19 was lifted across the globe. However, SARS-CoV-2 infections continue to be recorded worldwide. This situation has been attributed to the ability of the virus to evade host immune resp…
View article: Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Resistance After Antiviral Treatment
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Resistance After Antiviral Treatment Open
Importance Previous studies have identified mutations in SARS-CoV-2 strains that confer resistance to nirmatrelvir, yet how often this resistance arises and its association with posttreatment virologic rebound is not well understood. Objec…
View article: Physician-Scientist to Research-Engaged Physician—What Is in a Name?
Physician-Scientist to Research-Engaged Physician—What Is in a Name? Open
View article: Modeling suggests SARS-CoV-2 rebound after nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment is driven by target cell preservation coupled with incomplete viral clearance
Modeling suggests SARS-CoV-2 rebound after nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment is driven by target cell preservation coupled with incomplete viral clearance Open
In a subset of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals treated with the oral antiviral nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, the virus rebounds following treatment. The mechanisms driving this rebound are not well understood. We used a mathematical model to des…
View article: Single-cell analysis of human airway epithelium identifies cell type-specific responses to<i>Aspergillus</i>and<i>Coccidioides</i>
Single-cell analysis of human airway epithelium identifies cell type-specific responses to<i>Aspergillus</i>and<i>Coccidioides</i> Open
Respiratory fungal infections pose a significant threat to human health. Animal models do not fully recapitulate human disease, necessitating advanced models to study human-fungal pathogen interactions. In this study, we utilized primary h…
View article: Blocking HXA <sub>3</sub> -mediated neutrophil elastase release during <i>S. pneumoniae</i> lung infection limits pulmonary epithelial barrier disruption and bacteremia
Blocking HXA <sub>3</sub> -mediated neutrophil elastase release during <i>S. pneumoniae</i> lung infection limits pulmonary epithelial barrier disruption and bacteremia Open
Streptococcus pneumoniae ( Sp ), a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia, can spread from the lung into the bloodstream to cause septicemia and meningitis, with a concomitant threefold increase in mortality. Limitations in vaccine …
View article: Phenazine-1 carboxylic acid of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> induces the expression of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Tet38 MDR efflux pump and mediates resistance to phenazines and antibiotics
Phenazine-1 carboxylic acid of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> induces the expression of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Tet38 MDR efflux pump and mediates resistance to phenazines and antibiotics Open
In this study, we showed that phenazine-1 carboxylic acid (PCA) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced the expression of Tet38 efflux pump triggering Staphylococcus aureus resistance to tetracycline and phenazines. Exposure of S. aureus RN6390 …
View article: Fungal melanin suppresses airway epithelial chemokine secretion through blockade of calcium fluxing
Fungal melanin suppresses airway epithelial chemokine secretion through blockade of calcium fluxing Open
Respiratory infections caused by the human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus are a major cause of mortality for immunocompromised patients. Exposure to these pathogens occurs through inhalation, although the role of the respiratory epi…
View article: Blocking HXA<sub>3</sub>-mediated neutrophil elastase release during<i>S. pneumoniae</i>lung infection limits pulmonary epithelial barrier disruption and bacteremia
Blocking HXA<sub>3</sub>-mediated neutrophil elastase release during<i>S. pneumoniae</i>lung infection limits pulmonary epithelial barrier disruption and bacteremia Open
Streptococcus pneumoniae ( Sp ), a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia, can spread from the lung into the bloodstream to cause septicemia and meningitis, with a concomitant three-fold increase in mortality. Limitations in vaccine…
View article: Is it time to reduce the length of postgraduate training for physician-scientists in internal medicine?
Is it time to reduce the length of postgraduate training for physician-scientists in internal medicine? Open
Physician-scientists play a crucial role in advancing medical knowledge and patient care, yet the long periods of time required to complete training may impede expansion of this workforce. We examined the relationship between postgraduate …
View article: Host innate immune systems gather intel on invading microbes via pathogen-derived extracellular vesicles
Host innate immune systems gather intel on invading microbes via pathogen-derived extracellular vesicles Open
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound vesicles released into the extracellular milieu from various cell types including host cells and pathogens that infect them. As carriers of nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, metabolites, and v…
View article: BTK inhibitor–induced defects in human neutrophil effector activity against Aspergillus fumigatus are restored by TNF-α
BTK inhibitor–induced defects in human neutrophil effector activity against Aspergillus fumigatus are restored by TNF-α Open
Inhibition of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) through covalent modifications of its active site (e.g., ibrutinib [IBT]) is a preferred treatment for multiple B cell malignancies. However, IBT-treated patients are more susceptible to invasiv…
View article: Translational genetics identifies a phosphorylation switch in CARD9 required for innate inflammatory responses
Translational genetics identifies a phosphorylation switch in CARD9 required for innate inflammatory responses Open
Population genetics continues to identify genetic variants associated with diseases of the immune system and offers a unique opportunity to discover mechanisms of immune regulation. Multiple genetic variants linked to severe fungal infecti…
View article: <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> AbcA transporter enhances persister formation under β-lactam exposure
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> AbcA transporter enhances persister formation under β-lactam exposure Open
We evaluated the role of Staphylococcus aureus AbcA transporter in bacterial persistence and survival following exposure to the bactericidal agents nafcillin and oxacillin at both the population and single-cell levels. We show that AbcA ov…
View article: SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance and evolution varies by type and severity of immunodeficiency
SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance and evolution varies by type and severity of immunodeficiency Open
Despite vaccination and antiviral therapies, immunocompromised individuals are at risk for prolonged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but the immune defects that predispose an individual to persistent…