Malcolm F. White
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View article: Structure and mechanism of the broad spectrum CRISPR-associated ring nuclease Crn4
Structure and mechanism of the broad spectrum CRISPR-associated ring nuclease Crn4 Open
Type III CRISPR systems detect the presence of RNA from mobile genetic elements (MGE) in prokaryotes, providing antiviral immunity. On activation, the catalytic Cas10 subunit conjugates ATP to form cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) signalling mo…
View article: An updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas systems including rare variants
An updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas systems including rare variants Open
The known diversity of CRISPR–Cas systems continues to expand. To encompass new discoveries, here we present an updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas systems. The updated CRISPR–Cas classification includes 2 classes, 7 types an…
View article: A viral SAVED protein with ring nuclease activity degrades the CRISPR second messenger cA4
A viral SAVED protein with ring nuclease activity degrades the CRISPR second messenger cA4 Open
Type III CRISPR systems typically generate cyclic oligoadenylate second messengers such as cyclic tetra-adenylate (cA4) on detection of foreign RNA. These activate ancillary effector proteins which elicit a diverse range of immune response…
View article: Diversity and abundance of ring nucleases in type III CRISPR-Cas loci
Diversity and abundance of ring nucleases in type III CRISPR-Cas loci Open
Most type III CRISPR-Cas systems facilitate immune responses against invading mobile genetic elements such as phages by generating cyclic oligoadenylates (cOAs). Downstream effectors activated by cOAs are typically non-specific proteins th…
View article: SAM-AMP lyases in type III CRISPR defence
SAM-AMP lyases in type III CRISPR defence Open
Type III CRISPR systems detect non-self RNA and activate the enzymatic Cas10 subunit, which generates nucleotide second messengers for activation of ancillary effectors. Although most signal via cyclic oligoadenylate, an alternative class …
View article: A viral SAVED protein with ring nuclease activity degrades the CRISPR second messenger cA<sub>4</sub>
A viral SAVED protein with ring nuclease activity degrades the CRISPR second messenger cA<sub>4</sub> Open
Type III CRISPR systems typically generate cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) second messengers such as cyclic tetra-adenylate (cA 4 ) on detection of foreign RNA, activating ancillary effector proteins which elicit a diverse range of immune resp…
View article: <i>Solanum bulbocastanum</i> nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat receptor evolution reveals functional variants and critical residues in Rpi‐blb1/RB
<i>Solanum bulbocastanum</i> nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat receptor evolution reveals functional variants and critical residues in Rpi‐blb1/RB Open
Host–pathogen co‐evolution shapes resistance ( R ) proteins and their recognition of pathogen avirulence factors. However, little attention has been paid to naturally occurring genetic diversity in R genes. In this study, 12 Solanum bulboc…
View article: SAM-AMP lyases in CRISPR defence and anti-defence
SAM-AMP lyases in CRISPR defence and anti-defence Open
Type III CRISPR systems detect non-self RNA and activate the enzymatic Cas10 subunit, which generates nucleotide second messengers for activation of ancillary effectors. Although most signal via cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA), an alternative …
View article: Cas10 based 7SL-sRNA diagnostic for the detection of active trypanosomosis
Cas10 based 7SL-sRNA diagnostic for the detection of active trypanosomosis Open
Animal Trypanosomosis (AT) is a significant disease affecting cattle across sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and Asia, posing a major threat to economic productivity and animal welfare. The absence of reliable diagnostic tests has led to…
View article: Diversity and abundance of ring nucleases in type III CRISPR-Cas loci
Diversity and abundance of ring nucleases in type III CRISPR-Cas loci Open
Summary Most type III CRISPR-Cas systems facilitate immune responses against invading mobile genetic elements such as phages by generating cyclic oligoadenylates (cOAs). Downstream effectors activated by cOAs are typically non-specific pro…
View article: Cas10 based 7SL-sRNA diagnostic for the detection of active trypanosomiasis
Cas10 based 7SL-sRNA diagnostic for the detection of active trypanosomiasis Open
Animal Trypanosomosis (AT) is a significant disease affecting cattle across sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and Asia, posing a major threat to economic productivity and animal welfare. The absence of reliable diagnostic tests has led to…
View article: Bioinformatic analysis of type III CRISPR systems reveals key properties and new effector families
Bioinformatic analysis of type III CRISPR systems reveals key properties and new effector families Open
Recognition of RNA from invading mobile genetic elements (MGE) prompts type III CRISPR systems to activate an HD nuclease domain and/or a nucleotide cyclase domain in the Cas10 subunit, eliciting an immune response. The cyclase domain can …
View article: RNA processing by the CRISPR-associated NYN ribonuclease
RNA processing by the CRISPR-associated NYN ribonuclease Open
CRISPR-Cas systems confer adaptive immunity in prokaryotes, facilitating the recognition and destruction of invasive nucleic acids. Type III CRISPR systems comprise large, multisubunit ribonucleoprotein complexes with a catalytic Cas10 sub…
View article: Reversible conjugation of a CBASS nucleotide cyclase regulates bacterial immune response to phage infection
Reversible conjugation of a CBASS nucleotide cyclase regulates bacterial immune response to phage infection Open
Prokaryotic antiviral defence systems are frequently toxic for host cells and stringent regulation is required to ensure survival and fitness. These systems must be readily available in case of infection but tightly controlled to prevent a…
View article: RNA processing by the CRISPR-associated NYN ribonuclease
RNA processing by the CRISPR-associated NYN ribonuclease Open
CRISPR-Cas systems confer adaptive immunity in prokaryotes, facilitating the recognition and destruction of invasive nucleic acids. Type III CRISPR systems comprise large, multisubunit ribonucleoprotein complexes with a catalytic Cas10 sub…
View article: CRISPR antiphage defence mediated by the cyclic nucleotide-binding membrane protein Csx23
CRISPR antiphage defence mediated by the cyclic nucleotide-binding membrane protein Csx23 Open
CRISPR-Cas provides adaptive immunity in prokaryotes. Type III CRISPR systems detect invading RNA and activate the catalytic Cas10 subunit, which generates a range of nucleotide second messengers to signal infection. These molecules bind a…
View article: Reviewer response for version 1
Reviewer response for version 1 Open
West Nile virus (WNV) is the most prevalent mosquito-borne disease and the leading cause of viral encephalitis in the continental United States. It belongs to the Flavivirus family which includes other important human pathogens such as den…
View article: CRISPR antiphage defence mediated by the cyclic nucleotide-binding membrane protein Csx23
CRISPR antiphage defence mediated by the cyclic nucleotide-binding membrane protein Csx23 Open
CRISPR provides adaptive immunity in prokaryotes. Type III CRISPR systems detect invading RNA and activate the catalytic Cas10 subunit, which generates a range of nucleotide second messengers to signal infection. These molecules bind and a…
View article: Reversible conjugation of a CBASS nucleotide cyclase regulates immune response to phage infection
Reversible conjugation of a CBASS nucleotide cyclase regulates immune response to phage infection Open
Antiviral defence systems build the prokaryotic immune system and their proper regulation is vital for survival and fitness. While it is important that they are readily available in case of infection, they need to be tightly controlled to …
View article: Activation of Csm6 ribonuclease by cyclic nucleotide binding: in an emergency, twist to open
Activation of Csm6 ribonuclease by cyclic nucleotide binding: in an emergency, twist to open Open
Type III CRISPR systems synthesize cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) second messengers as part of a multi-faceted immune response against invading mobile genetic elements (MGEs). cOA activates non-specific CRISPR ancillary defence nucleases to c…
View article: Repurposing the atypical type I-G CRISPR system for bacterial genome engineering
Repurposing the atypical type I-G CRISPR system for bacterial genome engineering Open
The CRISPR-Cas system functions as a prokaryotic immune system and is highly diverse, with six major types and numerous sub-types. The most abundant are type I CRISPR systems, which utilize a multi-subunit effector, Cascade, and a CRISPR R…
View article: Antiviral Type III CRISPR signalling via conjugation of ATP and AdoMet
Antiviral Type III CRISPR signalling via conjugation of ATP and AdoMet Open
CRISPR systems are widespread in the prokaryotic world, providing adaptive immunity against mobile genetic elements (MGE) 1, 2 . Type III CRISPR systems, with the signature gene cas10 , use CRISPR RNA (crRNA) to detect non-self RNA, activa…
View article: Repurposing the atypical Type I-G CRISPR system for bacterial genome engineering
Repurposing the atypical Type I-G CRISPR system for bacterial genome engineering Open
The CRISPR-Cas system functions as a prokaryotic immune system and is highly diverse, with six major types and numerous sub-types. The most abundant are type I CRISPR systems, which utilise a multi-subunit effector, Cascade, and a CRISPR R…
View article: Reviewer response for version 1
Reviewer response for version 1 Open
The microbiome profoundly influences many traits in medically relevant vectors such as mosquitoes, and a greater functional understanding of host-microbe interactions may be exploited for novel microbial-based approaches to control mosquit…
View article: Structure of the Saccharolobus solfataricus type III-D CRISPR effector
Structure of the Saccharolobus solfataricus type III-D CRISPR effector Open
CRISPR-Cas is a prokaryotic adaptive immune system, classified into six different types, each characterised by a signature protein. Type III systems, classified based on the presence of a Cas10 subunit, are rather diverse multi-subunit ass…
View article: Structure of the<i>Saccharolobus solfataricus</i>type III-D CRISPR effector
Structure of the<i>Saccharolobus solfataricus</i>type III-D CRISPR effector Open
CRISPR-Cas is a prokaryotic adaptive immune system, classified into six different types, each characterised by a signature protein. Type III systems, classified based on the presence of a Cas10 subunit, are rather diverse multi-subunit ass…
View article: Structure and mechanism of the type I-G CRISPR effector
Structure and mechanism of the type I-G CRISPR effector Open
Type I CRISPR systems are the most common CRISPR type found in bacteria. They use a multisubunit effector, guided by crRNA, to detect and bind dsDNA targets, forming an R-loop and recruiting the Cas3 enzyme to facilitate target DNA destruc…