Malika Davids
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View article: Dendritic cells in the lung cavities of XDR-TB patients exhibit altered frequency and phenotype
Dendritic cells in the lung cavities of XDR-TB patients exhibit altered frequency and phenotype Open
Background Studies examining dendritic cell (DCs) immunobiology in tuberculosis (TB) patients have been conflicting, and no studies have examined DCs in the peripheral blood or lungs of patients with pre- or extensively drug-resistant TB (…
View article: Autologous Human Dendritic Cells from XDR-TB Patients Polarize a Th1 Response Which Is Bactericidal to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Autologous Human Dendritic Cells from XDR-TB Patients Polarize a Th1 Response Which Is Bactericidal to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Open
Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a public health concern as drug resistance is outpacing the drug development pipeline. Alternative immunotherapeutic approaches are needed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were…
View article: SARS-CoV-2 Viral Replication Persists in the Human Lung for Several Weeks after Symptom Onset
SARS-CoV-2 Viral Replication Persists in the Human Lung for Several Weeks after Symptom Onset Open
Rationale: In the upper respiratory tract, replicating (culturable) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is recoverable for ∼4-8 days after symptom onset, but there is a paucity of data about the frequency an…
View article: Host-Directed Targeting of LincRNA-MIR99AHG Suppresses Intracellular Growth of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
Host-Directed Targeting of LincRNA-MIR99AHG Suppresses Intracellular Growth of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Open
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) kills 1.6 million people worldwide every year, and there is an urgent need for targeting host-pathogen interactions as a strategy to reduce mycobacterial resistance to cur…
View article: The Frequency and Effect of Granulocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells on Mycobacterial Survival in Patients With Tuberculosis: A Preliminary Report
The Frequency and Effect of Granulocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells on Mycobacterial Survival in Patients With Tuberculosis: A Preliminary Report Open
Introduction Protective host responses in those exposed to or infected with tuberculosis (TB) is thought to require a delicate balance between pro-inflammatory and regulatory immune responses. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regu…
View article: Latent Tuberculosis Infection–associated Immunodiagnostic Test Responses as Biomarkers of Incipient Tuberculosis: Fruitful or Futile?
Latent Tuberculosis Infection–associated Immunodiagnostic Test Responses as Biomarkers of Incipient Tuberculosis: Fruitful or Futile? Open
View article: Host-Directed Targeting of lincRNA-MIR99AHG Suppresses Intracellular Growth of <i>Mycobacterium Tuberculosis</i>
Host-Directed Targeting of lincRNA-MIR99AHG Suppresses Intracellular Growth of <i>Mycobacterium Tuberculosis</i> Open
View article: Diagnosis of COVID-19: Considerations, Controversies and Challenges in South Africa
Diagnosis of COVID-19: Considerations, Controversies and Challenges in South Africa Open
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a global pandemic that has resulted in over 1.5 million confirmed cases and close to 100,000 deaths. In the majority of symptomatic cases COVID-1…
View article: Urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and antimicrobial usage in seriously-ill HIV-infected patients with sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis
Urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and antimicrobial usage in seriously-ill HIV-infected patients with sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis Open
Urine LAM testing in sputum smear-negative severely-ill hospitalized patients with TB-HIV co-infection and advanced immunosuppression, offered an immediate rule-in diagnosis in one-third of empirically treated patients. Moreover, LAM, by p…
View article: IL-4 subverts mycobacterial containment in<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>-infected human macrophages
IL-4 subverts mycobacterial containment in<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>-infected human macrophages Open
Protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is poorly understood. The role of interleukin (IL)-4, the archetypal T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine, in the immunopathogenesis of human tuberculosis remains unclear. Blood and/or bronc…
View article: Differential Targeting of c-Maf, Bach-1, and Elmo-1 by microRNA-143 and microRNA-365 Promotes the Intracellular Growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Alternatively IL-4/IL-13 Activated Macrophages
Differential Targeting of c-Maf, Bach-1, and Elmo-1 by microRNA-143 and microRNA-365 Promotes the Intracellular Growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Alternatively IL-4/IL-13 Activated Macrophages Open
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) can subvert the host defense by skewing macrophage activation toward a less microbicidal alternative activated state to avoid classical effector killing functions. Investigating the molecular basis o…
View article: Spatial Network Mapping of Pulmonary Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Cavities Using RNA Sequencing
Spatial Network Mapping of Pulmonary Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Cavities Using RNA Sequencing Open
Rationale: There is poor understanding about protective immunity and the pathogenesis of cavitation in patients with tuberculosis.Objectives: To map pathophysiological pathways at anatomically distinct positions within the hu…
View article: Sleepiness score-specific outcomes of a novel tongue repositioning procedure for the treatment of continuous positive airway pressure-resistant obstructive sleep apnea
Sleepiness score-specific outcomes of a novel tongue repositioning procedure for the treatment of continuous positive airway pressure-resistant obstructive sleep apnea Open
These preliminary data indicate that tongue-repositioning surgery for the treatment of OSA may be effective in improving excessive daytime sleepiness. These proof-of-concept data require confirmation in an appropriately powered controlled …
View article: The Injectable Contraceptive Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Attenuates<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis–</i>Specific Host Immunity Through the Glucocorticoid Receptor
The Injectable Contraceptive Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Attenuates<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis–</i>Specific Host Immunity Through the Glucocorticoid Receptor Open
MPA, but not NET-A, subverts mycobacterial containment in vitro and downregulates pathways associated with protective CD8+- and CD4+-related host immunity via the glucocorticoid receptor. These data potentially inform the selection and use…
View article: Does the use of adjunct urine lipopolysaccharide lipoarabinomannan in HIV-infected hospitalized patients reduce the utilization of healthcare resources? A post hoc analysis of the LAM multi-country randomized controlled trial
Does the use of adjunct urine lipopolysaccharide lipoarabinomannan in HIV-infected hospitalized patients reduce the utilization of healthcare resources? A post hoc analysis of the LAM multi-country randomized controlled trial Open
Although, adjunct LAM was associated with a mortality benefit in the parent study, no benefit could be demonstrated in the secondary analysis with respect to the number of diagnostic sputum samples requested, the use of additional imaging,…
View article: An autologous dendritic cell vaccine polarizes a Th-1 response which is tumoricidal to patient-derived breast cancer cells
An autologous dendritic cell vaccine polarizes a Th-1 response which is tumoricidal to patient-derived breast cancer cells Open
View article: Barriers to Point of Care Testing in India and South Africa
Barriers to Point of Care Testing in India and South Africa Open
Point of care (POC) testing in communities, home settings, and primary healthcare centers is widely believed by the global health community to have tremendous potential in reducing delays in diagnosing and initiating treatment for diseases…
View article: Making HIV testing work at the point of care in South Africa: a qualitative study of diagnostic practices
Making HIV testing work at the point of care in South Africa: a qualitative study of diagnostic practices Open
View article: A Survey on Use of Rapid Tests and Tuberculosis Diagnostic Practices by Primary Health Care Providers in South Africa: Implications for the Development of New Point-of-Care Tests
A Survey on Use of Rapid Tests and Tuberculosis Diagnostic Practices by Primary Health Care Providers in South Africa: Implications for the Development of New Point-of-Care Tests Open
The existing centralized laboratory services, poor quality assurance, and lack of staff capacity deter the use of more rapid tests at POC. Further research into the practices and choices of these providers is necessary to aid the developme…
View article: High Frequency of Resistance, Lack of Clinical Benefit, and Poor Outcomes in Capreomycin Treated South African Patients with Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
High Frequency of Resistance, Lack of Clinical Benefit, and Poor Outcomes in Capreomycin Treated South African Patients with Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Open
In South Africa the frequency of capreomycin conferring mutations was extremely high in XDR-TB isolates. In those with capreomycin resistance there appeared to be no therapeutic benefit of using capreomycin. These data inform susceptibilit…
View article: HIV associated Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonia: a clinical, histological and radiographic study from an HIV endemic resource-poor setting
HIV associated Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonia: a clinical, histological and radiographic study from an HIV endemic resource-poor setting Open
In a HIV endemic setting adult HIV-associated LIP occurs predominantly in young women. The diagnosis can often be made on transbronchial biopsy and is characterized by a predominant CD8 T cell infiltrate. No association with EBV antigen wa…