Martin Friedrich
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View article: The effects of biophilic design on steering performance in virtual reality
The effects of biophilic design on steering performance in virtual reality Open
Biophilic design aims to connect people to nature by incorporating natural elements such as plants in built environments. In immersive virtual reality (VR) environments, experiments have shown that, for instance, the presence of virtual pl…
View article: Usage-based object similarity
Usage-based object similarity Open
Hematopoietic cells are attractive targets for gene therapy. However, no satisfactory vectors are currently available. A major problem with the most commonly used adenovirus vectors, based on adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) or Ad5, is their low bi…
View article: Early results of experiments with responsive open learning environments
Early results of experiments with responsive open learning environments Open
Responsive open learning environments (ROLEs) are the next generation of personal learning environments (PLEs). While PLEs rely on the simple aggregation of existing content and services mainly using Web 2.0 technologies, ROLEs are transfo…
View article: A Troubleshooting Framework for Trapping Ions
A Troubleshooting Framework for Trapping Ions Open
Practical knowledge about troubleshooting and error handling in trapped-ion systems remains largely undocumented and held within individual labs, creating a barrier to cross-disciplinary collaboration towards engineering scalable systems. …
View article: Does the moon meddle with the lower ionosphere?
Does the moon meddle with the lower ionosphere? Open
At night free electrons of the lowest ionosphere are either lost by recombination with positive ions, or by attachment to neutrals thus forming negative ions. Whereas for ionisation photons of at least UV energy and/or energetic particles …
View article: Comment on egusphere-2023-815
Comment on egusphere-2023-815 Open
Abstract. The bottom part of the earth’s ionosphere is the so-called D-region, which is typically less intense than the upper regions. Despite the comparably lower electron number density, the ionization state of the D-region has a signifi…
View article: Sounding rocket project PMWE for investigation of polar mesosphere winter echoes
Sounding rocket project PMWE for investigation of polar mesosphere winter echoes Open
<p>Polar mesosphere winter echoes (PMWE) are relatively strong radar returns which are regularly observed by mesosphere/stratosphere/troposphere (MST) radars at high latitudes in winter. A sounding rocket project PMWE aimed at invest…
View article: Sounding rocket project “PMWE” for investigation of polar mesosphere winter echoes
Sounding rocket project “PMWE” for investigation of polar mesosphere winter echoes Open
A first sounding rocket campaign dedicated to investigate the creation mechanism of Polar Mesosphere Winter Echoes (PMWE) was conducted in April 2018 from the north Norwegian Andøya Space Center (69
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\nE). Two instrumented…
View article: Turbulence generated small-scale structures as PMWE formation mechanism: Results from a rocket campaign
Turbulence generated small-scale structures as PMWE formation mechanism: Results from a rocket campaign Open
Simultaneous measurements of rocket-borne and ground-based instruments in a common volume were performed from Andøya, Norway (69° N, 16° E) in frame of the recent PMWE-project, devoted to clarify the formation mechanism behind polar mesosp…
View article: First results of combined ground- and rocket-based measurements for investigation of polar mesospheric winter echoes (PMWE)
First results of combined ground- and rocket-based measurements for investigation of polar mesospheric winter echoes (PMWE) Open
<p>Two experimental sounding rockets were launched from And&#248;ya Space Center<br>(Norway) devoted to investigate the phenomenon of polar mesospheric winter<br>echoes (PMWE). PMWE are relatively strong radar returns…
View article: Simultaneous in situ measurements of small-scale structures in neutral, plasma, and atomic oxygen densities during the WADIS sounding rocket project
Simultaneous in situ measurements of small-scale structures in neutral, plasma, and atomic oxygen densities during the WADIS sounding rocket project Open
In this paper we present an overview of measurements conducted during the WADIS-2 rocket campaign. We investigate the effect of small-scale processes like gravity waves and turbulence on the distribution of atomic oxygen and other species …
View article: A new method of inferring the size, number density, and charge of mesospheric dust from its in situ collection by the DUSTY probe
A new method of inferring the size, number density, and charge of mesospheric dust from its in situ collection by the DUSTY probe Open
We present a new method of analyzing measurements of mesospheric dust made with DUSTY rocket-borne Faraday cup probes. It can yield the variation in fundamental dust parameters through a mesospheric cloud with an altitude resolution down t…
View article: Simultaneous in situ measurements of small-scale structures inneutral, plasma, and atomic oxygen densities during WADISsounding rocket project
Simultaneous in situ measurements of small-scale structures inneutral, plasma, and atomic oxygen densities during WADISsounding rocket project Open
In this paper we present an overview of measurements conducted during the WADIS-2 rocket campaign. We investigate the effect of small-scale processes like gravity waves and turbulence on the distribution of atomic oxygen and other species …
View article: An Intercomparison of VLF and Sounding Rocket Techniques for Measuring the Daytime <b><i>D</i></b> Region Ionosphere: Theoretical Implications
An Intercomparison of VLF and Sounding Rocket Techniques for Measuring the Daytime <b><i>D</i></b> Region Ionosphere: Theoretical Implications Open
We compare the two approaches that have been used to measure the lowermost ionosphere, the measurement of the propagation of very low frequency (VLF) radio waves and the in situ sampling by sounding rockets. We focus on the altitude, latit…
View article: A new method to infer the size, number density, and charge of mesospheric dust from its in situ collection by the DUSTY probe
A new method to infer the size, number density, and charge of mesospheric dust from its in situ collection by the DUSTY probe Open
We present a new extended method of analyzing measurements of mesospheric dust made with DUSTY rocket-borne Faraday cup probes. It yields the variation of fundamental dust parameters through a mesospheric cloud with an unrivalled altitude …
View article: Estimate of size distribution of charged MSPs measured in situ in winter during the WADIS-2 sounding rocket campaign
Estimate of size distribution of charged MSPs measured in situ in winter during the WADIS-2 sounding rocket campaign Open
We present results of in situ measurements of mesosphere–lower thermosphere dusty-plasma densities including electrons, positive ions and charged aerosols conducted during the WADIS-2 sounding rocket campaign. The neutral air density was a…
View article: Spatial and temporal variability in MLT turbulence inferred from in situ and ground-based observations during the WADIS-1 sounding rocket campaign
Spatial and temporal variability in MLT turbulence inferred from in situ and ground-based observations during the WADIS-1 sounding rocket campaign Open
In summer 2013 the WADIS-1 sounding rocket campaign was conducted at the Andøya Space Center (ACS) in northern Norway (69° N, 16° E). Among other things, it addressed the question of the variability in mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) t…