Explanipedia

Interventions to Address Racism in Disciplinary Actions in K-12 Schools: A Systematic Review Open

Sarah M. Stilwell, Marc A. Zimmerman, Hsing‐Fang Hsieh, Justin E. Heinze · 2025

Students of color are disciplined for behavioral infractions at higher rates than white students in K-12 schools in the USA. The consequences of racism in K-12 schools include mental health problems, school dropout, and disproportionate di…

Trajectories of Racial Discrimination That Predict Problematic Alcohol Use Among African American Emerging Adults Open

Daniel B. Lee, Justin E. Heinze, Enrique W. Neblett, Cleopatra H. Caldwell, Marc A. Zimmerman · 2025

The association between racial discrimination (discrimination) and problematic alcohol use in African American (AA) emerging adults is well documented. Few researchers, however, have studied the longitudinal relationship between discrimina…

Pathways from racial discrimination to cortisol/DHEA imbalance: protective role of religious involvement Open

Daniel B. Lee, Melissa K. Peckins, Meredith O. Hope, Shervin Assari, Marc A. Zimmerman · 2025

Objective: Racial discrimination (RD) is hypothesized to dysregulate the production of stress reactive hormones among African Americans. Psychological processes that may mediate the association between RD and such dysregul…

Parental Firearm Storage and Their Teens’ Perceived Firearm Access in US Households Open

Katherine Hastings, Patrick M. Carter, Marc A. Zimmerman, Rebeccah L. Sokol · 2025

Importance Firearm access increases fatal and nonfatal firearm injury risk among teens. Identifying parental firearm storage behaviors associated with teen access may inform efforts to prevent teen firearm injuries. Objective To examine th…

Community‐engaged crime prevention through environmental design and reductions in violent and firearm crime Open

Laney A. Rupp, Shaun Bhatia, Daniel B. Lee, Rachel Wyatt, Gregory Bushman , et al. · 2025

In the U.S., crime and violence are concentrated in cities that have lost industry and population due to economic disinvestment and structurally racist policies. Researchers, practitioners, and policymakers have called for community‐level …

Protecting Educators: A Scoping Review of Interventions That Address Teacher Victimization Open

Sarah M. Stilwell, Paulina Guzmán, Jorge J. Varela, Susan D. McMahon, Kailyn Bare , et al. · 2025

The prevalence of teacher-directed violence has been well-documented around the world. However, interventions focused on the prevention of teacher victimization have received less attention. Understanding how to reduce teacher-directed vio…

Dissemination through trusted credible messengers: 133 weeks of the Flint Community Webinar on COVID-19 Open

Heatherlun Uphold, Emily Lewis, Amy Drahota, Blair Warren, Jennifer Edwards-Johnson , et al. · 2025

Background Community access to evidence-based information is critical, especially during a pandemic, as it can impact knowledge and adoption of health behaviors that affect health disparities. The field of dissemination and implementation …

Firearm possession among emergency department youth and young adults: A latent class analysis Open

Heather A. Hartman, Laura Seewald, Philip Stallworth, Daniel B. Lee, Marc A. Zimmerman , et al. · 2024

Association between community violence exposure and teen parental firearm ownership: data from a nationally representative study Open

Karissa R. Pelletier, Jesenia M. Pizarro, Regina Royan, Rebeccah L. Sokol, Rebecca M. Cunningham , et al. · 2024

Background Firearm injuries are the leading cause of death for U.S. adolescents. Given the prevalence of firearm ownership in the U.S., particularly among parental figures in homes with children and teens, and the relationship between fire…

Legacy of Racism and Firearm Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States Open

Zainab Hans, Daniel B. Lee, Marc A. Zimmerman, Douglas J. Wiebe · 2024

Objectives. To examine whether, through interactions with preexisting socioeconomic status vulnerabilities, the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated exposure to firearm violence among communities with a legacy of redlining (i.e., grading the cred…

Association Between Community Violence Exposure and Parental Firearm Ownership: Data from a Nationally Representative Study Open

Karissa R. Pelletier, Jesenia M. Pizarro, Regina Royan, Rebeccah L. Sokol, Rebecca M. Cunningham , et al. · 2024

Background Firearm injuries are the leading cause of death for U.S. adolescents. Given the prevalence of firearm ownership in the U.S., particularly among parental figures in homes with children and teens, and the relationship between fire…

Positive Youth Development Approach to School Safety: A Comprehensive Conceptual Framework* Open

Sarah M. Stilwell, Justin E. Heinze, Hsing‐Fang Hsieh, Emily Torres, Alison Grodzinski , et al. · 2024

BACKGROUND Youth violence, victimization, and bullying are pervasive in schools across the United States and are detrimental for learning and healthy development. K‐12 school safety is an increasingly urgent issue to research and understan…

Actualizing child and adolescent empowerment in participatory action research for health promotion: a six-element framework Open

Rabab Chrifou, Manou Anselma, Brian D. Christens, Barbara A. Israel, Janine M. Jurkowski , et al. · 2024

Child and adolescent engagement for health promotion can be realized through participatory action research (PAR). However, there is a lack of understanding regarding the concrete steps needed to actualize such empowerment. We propose a fra…

Baseline levels of circulating galectin-1 associated with radiographic hand but not radiographic knee osteoarthritis at a two-year follow-up Open

Maria Andersson, Marc A. Zimmerman, Elisabeth Brogren, Stefan Bergman, Lena Strindberg , et al. · 2024

Longitudinal Effects of Electronic Dating Violence on Depressive Symptoms and Delinquent Behaviors Across Adolescence Open

Elyse J. Thulin, Yasamin Kusunoki, Poco D. Kernsmith, Joanne Smith‐Darden, Andrew Grogan‐Kaylor , et al. · 2023

Depressive symptoms and delinquent behaviors that emerge during adolescence pose both short- and long-term negative outcomes. Though there is growing evidence that exposure to teen dating violence is also associated with a greater likeliho…

Associations between land bank ownership and stewardship of vacant properties and crime, violence, and youth victimization in Flint, MI Open

Gregory Bushman, Michelle C. Kondo, Laney A. Rupp, Bernadette Hohl, Catherine H. Gong , et al. · 2023

Land banks across the United States are managing expanding vacant property inventories. By maintaining vacant properties and engaging residents in the process, land banks facilitate processes integral to building safe neighborhoods and may…

Exposure to Nearby Homicides and Young Women’s Reproductive Lives during the Transition to Adulthood Open

Abigail Weitzman, Jennifer S. Barber, Justin E. Heinze, Yasamin Kusunoki, Marc A. Zimmerman · 2023

We merge information on the date and location of homicides in Flint, MI with georeferenced weekly panel data from the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life study to assess how and why nearby homicides immediately impact young women's risk …

Associations between experiencing violence, owning a firearm for protection and firearm storage: a nationally representative analysis of US caregivers of teens Open

Rebeccah L. Sokol, Daniel Lee, Ali Rowhani‐Rahbar, Karissa R. Pelletier, Marc A. Zimmerman , et al. · 2023

Objective To study the interaction between violence exposure and motivations for firearm ownership in their associations with firearm storage among caregivers of teens in the United States. Methods In June–July 2020, we conducted a nationa…

Association of the Stroke Ready Community-Based Participatory Research Intervention With Incidence of Acute Stroke Thrombolysis in Flint, Michigan Open

Lesli E. Skolarus, Sarah Bailey, Casey L. Corches, Anne Sales, Chun Chieh Lin , et al. · 2023

Importance Acute stroke treatment rates in the US lag behind those in other high-income nations. Objective To assess whether a hospital emergency department (ED) and community intervention was associated with an increased proportion of pat…

Lessons learned from local vacant land management organizations for engaging youth in greening Open

Leigh Rauk, Laney A. Rupp, Bernadette Hohl, Michelle C. Kondo, Lexie Ornelas , et al. · 2023

Youth living in areas with high concentrations of vacant properties may be at particular risk for poor health outcomes given the associations between deteriorated vacant properties, poor mental health, and community violence. Vacant lot gr…

Firearms Availability Among High-School Age Youth With Recent Depression or Suicidality Open

Maya Haasz, Matthew Myers, Ali Rowhani‐Rahbar, Marc A. Zimmerman, Laura Seewald , et al. · 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Limiting firearm access is essential to decreasing teen suicide. Previous efforts have focused on household firearms; however, less is known about firearm access and possession among teens at increased suicide ris…

The association between witnessing firearm violence and firearm carriage: Results from a national study of teens Open

Rebeccah L. Sokol, Maya Haasz, Marc A. Zimmerman, Rebecca M. Cunningham, Patrick M. Carter · 2023

Challenges, Successes, and the Future of Firearm Injury Prevention Open

Jessica Roche, Patrick M. Carter, April M. Zeoli, Rebecca M. Cunningham, Marc A. Zimmerman · 2023

Policy Points Firearm injury is a leading cause of death in the United States, with fatality rates increasing 34.9% over the past decade (2010‐2020). Firearm injury is preventable through multifaceted evidence‐based approaches. Reviewing p…

Risky Drinking in Adolescents and Emerging Adults: Differences between Individuals Using Alcohol Only versus Polysubstances Open

Autumn Rae Florimbio, Lara N. Coughlin, José A. Bauermeister, Sean D. Young, Marc A. Zimmerman , et al. · 2022

Among risky drinking youth, results indicated youth engaging in polysubstance use have greater comorbidities and individual-level factors associated with risky drinking than youth who consume alcohol only. These findings may inform the tai…

How Multi-disciplinary Research Centers and Networks Can Advance the Science of Firearm Injury Prevention Open

Carissa J. Schmidt, Leigh Rauk, Rebecca M. Cunningham, Marc A. Zimmerman, Jessica Roche , et al. · 2022

Firearm injuries are a leading cause of injury-related deaths in the U.S., but there is a dearth of federal funding for research on firearm injury prevention, compared to funding for research on other injuries and diseases. University rese…

Community engagement, greening, and violent crime: A test of the greening hypothesis and Busy Streets Open

Catherine H. Gong, Gregory Bushman, Bernadette Hohl, Michelle C. Kondo, Patrick M. Carter , et al. · 2022

Researchers have documented that vacant lot greening can reduce community‐level crime and violence. Busy Streets Theory (BST) suggests that residents who are involved in the greening process can help to improve physical environments and bu…

Understanding factors associated with firearm possession: Examining differences between male and female adolescents and emerging adults seeking emergency department care Open

Karissa R. Pelletier, Carissa J. Schmidt, Laura Seewald, Rebecca M. Cunningham, Marc A. Zimmerman , et al. · 2022

Firearm safety counseling among caregivers of high-school age teens: Results from a National Survey Open

Laura Seewald, Matthew Myers, Marc A. Zimmerman, Maureen A. Walton, Rebecca M. Cunningham , et al. · 2022

Addressing Residential Segregation as a Social Determinant of Health Open

Patrick M. Carter, Marc A. Zimmerman · 2022

Policing practices have garnered increased national attention in recent years following multiple highly publicized encounters that have resulted in the death of unarmed Black citizens. 1As a public health issue, legal interventions (ie, po…

Examining racism and firearm-related risks among Asian Americans in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic Open

Tsu‐Yin Wu, Hsing‐Fang Hsieh, Chong Man Chow, Xining Yang, Ken Resnicow , et al. · 2022

Firearm-related injury is a major public health concern in the U.S. Experience of racism and discrimination can increase the risk of minority group members engaging in or being victims of firearm-related violence. Given the increased racis…

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