Mark A. Williamson
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View article: Study of Am electrodeposition from AmCl<sub>3</sub>-LiCl-KCl Molten Salt
Study of Am electrodeposition from AmCl<sub>3</sub>-LiCl-KCl Molten Salt Open
In this work, the electrodeposition reaction of Am in AmCl 3 -LiCl-KCl molten salt was studied using voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Electrodeposition of Am was shown to proceed via a two step reaction scheme, involving the one-electr…
View article: Ceramic waste form production from used nuclear fuel
Ceramic waste form production from used nuclear fuel Open
According to one aspect of the invention, a method to create a ceramic waste form from used nuclear fuel. An active metal salt waste, a rare earth metal waste, and raw materials are received. The active metal salt waste is combined with th…
View article: Actinide and rare earth drawdown system for molten salt recycle
Actinide and rare earth drawdown system for molten salt recycle Open
A method for recycling molten salt from electrorefining processes, the method having the steps of collecting actinide metal using a first plurality of cathodes from an electrolyte bath, collecting rare earths metal using a second plurality…
View article: AL4GAP: Active learning workflow for generating DFT-SCAN accurate machine-learning potentials for combinatorial molten salt mixtures
AL4GAP: Active learning workflow for generating DFT-SCAN accurate machine-learning potentials for combinatorial molten salt mixtures Open
Machine learning interatomic potentials have emerged as a powerful tool for bypassing the spatiotemporal limitations of ab initio simulations, but major challenges remain in their efficient parameterization. We present AL4GAP, an ensemble …
View article: AL4GAP: Active Learning Workflow for generating DFT-SCAN Accurate Machine-Learning Potentials for Combinatorial Molten Salt Mixtures
AL4GAP: Active Learning Workflow for generating DFT-SCAN Accurate Machine-Learning Potentials for Combinatorial Molten Salt Mixtures Open
Machine learning interatomic potentials have emerged as a powerful tool for bypassing the spatio-temporal limitations of ab initio simulations, but major challenges remain in their efficient parameterization. We present AL4GAP, an active l…
View article: Electrorefiner system for recovering purified metal from impure nuclear feed material
Electrorefiner system for recovering purified metal from impure nuclear feed material Open
An electrorefiner system according to a non-limiting embodiment of the present invention may include a vessel configured to maintain a molten salt electrolyte and configured to receive a plurality of alternately arranged cathode and anode …
View article: Continuous recovery system for electrorefiner system
Continuous recovery system for electrorefiner system Open
A continuous recovery system for an electrorefiner system may include a trough having a ridge portion and a furrow portion. The furrow portion may include a first section and a second section. An inlet and exit pipe may be connected to the…
View article: Anode shroud for off-gas capture and removal from electrolytic oxide reduction system
Anode shroud for off-gas capture and removal from electrolytic oxide reduction system Open
An electrolytic oxide reduction system according to a non-limiting embodiment of the present invention may include a plurality of anode assemblies and an anode shroud for each of the anode assemblies. The anode shroud may be used to dilute…
View article: Cathode power distribution system and method of using the same for power distribution
Cathode power distribution system and method of using the same for power distribution Open
Embodiments include a cathode power distribution system and/or method of using the same for power distribution. The cathode power distribution system includes a plurality of cathode assemblies. Each cathode assembly of the plurality of cat…
View article: Method to produce salts containing actinide halides
Method to produce salts containing actinide halides Open
A method of producing uranium halides is disclosed in which chlorine gas is introduced into a liquid uranium-nickel alloy. NaCl salt is surrounding the crucible containing the liquid uranium-nickel alloy, producing a eutectic mixture of Na…
View article: Cathode scraper system and method of using the same for removing uranium
Cathode scraper system and method of using the same for removing uranium Open
Embodiments include a cathode scraper system and/or method of using the same for removing uranium. The cathode scraper system includes a plurality of cathode assemblies. Each cathode assembly includes a plurality of cathode rods. The catho…
View article: High-throughput electrorefiner for recovery of U and U/TRU product from spent fuel
High-throughput electrorefiner for recovery of U and U/TRU product from spent fuel Open
The present invention provides a method of simultaneously removing uranium and transuranics from metallic nuclear fuel in an electrorefiner. In the method, a potential difference is established between an anode basket containing the fuel a…
View article: Anode-cathode power distribution systems and methods of using the same for electrochemical reduction
Anode-cathode power distribution systems and methods of using the same for electrochemical reduction Open
Power distribution systems are useable in electrolytic reduction systems and include several cathode and anode assembly electrical contacts that permit flexible modular assembly numbers and placement in standardized connection configuratio…
View article: Uranium dioxide electrolysis
Uranium dioxide electrolysis Open
This is a single stage process for treating spent nuclear fuel from light water reactors. The spent nuclear fuel, uranium oxide, UO.sub.2, is added to a solution of UCl.sub.4 dissolved in molten LiCl. A carbon anode and a metallic cathode …
View article: Accelerator-driven transmutation of spent fuel elements
Accelerator-driven transmutation of spent fuel elements Open
An apparatus and method is described for transmuting higher actinides, plutonium and selected fission products in a liquid-fuel subcritical assembly. Uranium may also be enriched, thereby providing new fuel for use in conventional nuclear …
View article: Multielectrode sensor for concentration and depth measurements in molten salt
Multielectrode sensor for concentration and depth measurements in molten salt Open
A multi electrode sensor that provides in-situ, real time measurements for molten salts and other process fluids such as real-time concentration and salt level measurements for nuclear systems such as molten salt reactors, nuclear reproces…
View article: Modular cathode assemblies and methods of using the same for electrochemical reduction
Modular cathode assemblies and methods of using the same for electrochemical reduction Open
Modular cathode assemblies are useable in electrolytic reduction systems and include a basket through which fluid electrolyte may pass and exchange charge with a material to be reduced in the basket. The basket can be divided into upper an…
View article: Modular anode assemblies and methods of using the same for electrochemical reduction
Modular anode assemblies and methods of using the same for electrochemical reduction Open
Modular anode assemblies are used in electrolytic oxide reduction systems for scalable reduced metal production via electrolysis. Assemblies include a channel frame connected to several anode rods extending into an electrolyte. An electric…
View article: Multi-functional sensor system for molten salt technologies
Multi-functional sensor system for molten salt technologies Open
The present invention relates to a multi-functional sensor system that simultaneously measures cathode and anode electrode potentials, dissolved ion (i.e. oxide) concentration, and temperatures in an electrochemical cell. One embodiment of…
View article: Integral U/TRU recovery cathode system for electrorefining used nuclear fuel, method for electrorefining and harvesting metal from used nuclear fuel
Integral U/TRU recovery cathode system for electrorefining used nuclear fuel, method for electrorefining and harvesting metal from used nuclear fuel Open
The invention provides a system for collecting metal in an electrorefining process, the system having a hollow cathode; and a container defining an upwardly extending surface adapted to be received by the hollow cathode. An embodiment of t…
View article: Consumable anode and anode assembly for electrolytic reduction of metal oxides
Consumable anode and anode assembly for electrolytic reduction of metal oxides Open
An anode assembly is provided having a pair of channels; anodes in slidable communication with the channels; conduit to direct carrier gas to the anode; and conduit to remove reaction gas from the anode. Also provided is a method for conti…
View article: Electrolytic oxide reduction system
Electrolytic oxide reduction system Open
An electrolytic oxide reduction system according to a non-limiting embodiment of the present invention may include a plurality of anode assemblies, a plurality of cathode assemblies, and a lift system configured to engage the anode and cat…
View article: Metadynamics enhanced training Datasets, DFT-SCAN accurate GAP Model and MD trajectories for "AL4GAP: Active Learning Workflow for generating DFT-SCAN Accurate Machine-Learning Potentials for Combinatorial Molten Salt Mixtures"
Metadynamics enhanced training Datasets, DFT-SCAN accurate GAP Model and MD trajectories for "AL4GAP: Active Learning Workflow for generating DFT-SCAN Accurate Machine-Learning Potentials for Combinatorial Molten Salt Mixtures" Open
Metadynamics enhanced training Datasets, DFT-SCAN accurate GAP Model and MD trajectories for "AL4GAP: Active Learning Workflow for generating DFT-SCAN Accurate Machine-Learning Potentials for Combinatorial Molten Salt Mixtures"
View article: Composition-transferable machine learning potential for LiCl-KCl molten salts validated by high-energy x-ray diffraction
Composition-transferable machine learning potential for LiCl-KCl molten salts validated by high-energy x-ray diffraction Open
Unraveling the liquid structure of multicomponent molten salts is challenging due to the difficulty in conducting and interpreting high-temperature diffraction experiments. Here, motivated by this challenge, we developed composition-transf…
View article: Thermochemical Property Measurements of FLiNaK and FLiBe in FY 2020
Thermochemical Property Measurements of FLiNaK and FLiBe in FY 2020 Open
The technical bases and methods developed at Argonne to measure thermochemical properties of molten salt mixtures are summarized and results provided to show the precision achieved. These methods include measurements of phase transition te…
View article: Thermophysical Property Measurements of NaCl-UCl3
Thermophysical Property Measurements of NaCl-UCl3 Open
Describe the research (summary of Scope of Work and principal objectives of the CRADA): Argonne produced and measured thermochemical and thermophysical properties of eutectic NaCl-UCl3 salt at several temperatures in the range of interest.…
View article: A Composition-Transferable Machine Learning Potential for LiCl-KCl Molten Salts Validated by HEXRD
A Composition-Transferable Machine Learning Potential for LiCl-KCl Molten Salts Validated by HEXRD Open
Unraveling the liquid structure of multi-component molten salts is challenging due to the difficulty in conducting and interpreting high temperature diffraction experiments. Motivated by this challenge, we developed composition-transferabl…
View article: The Future of Nuclear Energy: Electrochemical Reprocessing of Fuel Takes Center Stage
The Future of Nuclear Energy: Electrochemical Reprocessing of Fuel Takes Center Stage Open
Nuclear power plants use energy-dense fuel and provide dependable baseload energy without generating greenhouse gas emissions. Despite these advantages, the long-term management of used nuclear fuel (UNF) remains a key challenge due to its…
View article: Automated Development of Molten Salt Machine Learning Potentials: Application to LiCl
Automated Development of Molten Salt Machine Learning Potentials: Application to LiCl Open
The in silico modeling of molten salts is critical for emerging "carbon-free" energy applications but is inhibited by the cost of quantum mechanically treating the high polarizabilities of molten salts. Here, we integrate configurational s…