Explanipedia

Cervical atrophy following complete thoracic spinal cord injury: Insights from a multinational cohort Open

Negin Hesam‐Shariati, Zina Trost, Túlio Vinícius de Oliveira Campos, William R. Willoughby, Mark Bolding , et al. · 2025

Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in neurodegeneration both at and above the lesion site. While cervical cord atrophy is well characterized in populations of mixed cervical, thoracic and/or lumbar injuries, the remote morphologic…

Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Positive Contrast Agents in Low‐Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging Open

Ogechukwu Ngwu‐Hyacinth, Aaron Alford, Caleb Rowe, Ryan Willoughby, S. Abdollah Mirbozorgi , et al. · 2025

Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (usSPIONs) are promising alternatives to gadolinium‐based contrast agents for positive contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Unlike larger SPIONs that primarily func…

Sulfotransferase 4A1 (SULT4a1): A Novel Neuroprotective Protein in Stroke Open

Mohammed Iqbal Hossain, Junaid Khan, Jun Hee Lee, Charles N. Falany, Peter H. King , et al. · 2025

SULT4a1, a member of the cytosolic sulfotransferase family, is predominantly expressed in neurons and plays potentially vital roles in regulating neural survival and function. SULT4a1 protects against mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidativ…

Ectopically expressed rhodopsin is not sensitive to X-rays Open

Kelli E Cannon, Aundrea F. Bartley, Lynn E. Dobrunz, Mark Bolding · 2024

Visual perception of X-radiation is a well-documented, but poorly understood phenomenon. Scotopic rod cells and rhodopsin have been implicated in visual responses to X-rays, however, some evidence suggests that X-rays excite the retina via…

Applying an electrostatic cross-correlation to the CFTR-ATP interaction Open

Alex Saad–Falcon, Mark Bolding, James Dee, Ryan S. Westafer, Douglas R. Denison , et al. · 2024

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an important membrane protein in vertebrates. The function of CFTR is to transport chloride ions across the cell membrane, which is known to require adenosine triphosphate (…

Compatibility of Standard Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Investigational Microburst Vagus Nerve Stimulation Therapy with fMRI Open

Erik H. Middlebrooks, Jerzy P. Szaflarski, Jason Begnaud, Ashesh A. Thaker, Kenny Henderson , et al. · 2024

Vagus nerve stimulation devices are conditionally approved for MR imaging with stimulation turned off, and the requirement to modify the stimulation settings may be a barrier to scanning in some radiology practices. There is increasing int…

Neuromorphometric associations with mood, cognition, and self-reported exercise levels in epilepsy and healthy individuals Open

Ayushe A. Sharma, D. Mackensie Terry, Johanna L. Popp, Jerzy P. Szaflarski, Roy C. Martin , et al. · 2023

Regular physical activity may promote beneficial neuroplasticity, e.g., increased hippocampus volume. However, it is unclear whether self-reported physical exercise in leisure (PEL) levels are associated with the brain structure features d…

Cortical Mechanisms Underlying Immersive Interactive Virtual Walking Treatment for Amelioration of Neuropathic Pain after Spinal Cord Injury: Findings from a Preliminary Investigation of Thalamic Inhibitory Function Open

Sylvia M. Gustin, Mark Bolding, William R. Willoughby, Monima Anam, Corey Shum , et al. · 2023

Background: Neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury (SCI) affects approximately 60% of individuals with SCI. Effective pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments remain elusive. We recently demonstrated that our immersive vir…

Effects of a brief HIIT intervention on cognitive performance in older women Open

Amani M. Norling, Adam Gerstenecker, Mark Bolding, Lawrence Ver Hoef, Thomas W. Buford , et al. · 2023

LITE-1 mediates behavioral responses to X-rays in Caenorhabditis elegans Open

Kelli E Cannon, Meenakshi Ranasinghe, Paul W. Millhouse, Ayona Roychowdhury, Lynn E. Dobrunz , et al. · 2023

Rapid sensory detection of X-ray stimulation has been documented across a wide variety of species, but few studies have explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here we report the discovery of an acute behavioral avoidance response in…

Ectopically Expressed Rhodopsin is Not Sensitive to X-rays Open

Kelli E Cannon, Aundrea F. Bartley, Lynn E. Dobrunz, Mark Bolding · 2023

Visual perception of X-radiation is a well-documented, but poorly understood phenomenon. Early literature implicates scotopic rod cells and rod opsin in X-ray detection, however, evidence suggests that X-rays excite the retina via a differ…

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Focused Ultrasound Radiation Force Strain Fields for Discrimination of Solid and Liquid Phases Open

William R. Willoughby, Henrik Odéen, Jesse Jones, Mark Bolding · 2023

Strain components based on MR-ARFI apparent displacement measurements perform better than apparent displacement measurements alone at discriminating between solids and liquids. These methods are applicable to FUS treatment monitoring and e…

Neuromorphometric Associations with Mood, Cognition, And Self-Reported Exercise Levels in Epilepsy and Healthy Individuals Open

Ayushe A. Sharma, D. Mackensie Terry, Johanna L. Popp, Jerzy P. Szaflarski, Roy C. Martin , et al. · 2023

X-ray perception: Animal studies of sensory and behavioral responses to X-rays Open

Vaishnavi Mantraratnam, Jorge Bonnet, Caleb Rowe, Daniel Janko, Mark Bolding · 2022

Since their discovery in 1895, many studies have been conducted to understand the effect of X-rays on neural function and behavior in animals. These studies examined a range of acute and chronic effects, and a subset of studies has attempt…

Somatotopic Mapping of the Fingers in the Somatosensory Cortex Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Review of Literature Open

Daniel Janko, Kristina Thoenes, Dahye Park, William R. Willoughby, Meredith Horton , et al. · 2022

Multiple studies have demonstrated finger somatotopy in humans and other primates using a variety of brain mapping techniques including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Here, we review the literature to better understand the r…

Focused Ultrasound Ablation of an Arteriovenous Malformation Model Open

Jesse Jones, Mark Bolding, Henrik Ullman, Naoki Kaneko, Satoshi Tateshima · 2021

Brain AVMs are rare but serious vascular lesions that often pose a management dilemma between the risk of various treatment modalities and uncertain natural history during observation. We describe preliminary data on the use of focused ult…

Feasibility of cerium-doped LSO particles as a scintillator for x-ray induced optogenetics Open

Aundrea F. Bartley, Máté Fischer, Micah E. Bagley, Justin Barnes, Mary K. Burdette , et al. · 2021

Objective. Non-invasive light delivery into the brain is needed for in vivo optogenetics to avoid physical damage. An innovative strategy could employ x-ray activation of radioluminescent particles (RLPs) to emit localized light. However, …

Somatotopic Arrangement of the Human Primary Somatosensory Cortex Derived From Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Open

William R. Willoughby, Kristina Thoenes, Mark Bolding · 2021

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to estimate neuronal activity in the primary somatosensory cortex of six participants undergoing cutaneous tactile stimulation on skin areas spread across the entire body. Differences b…

X-ray excited luminescence spectroscopy and imaging with NaGdF <sub>4</sub> :Eu and Tb Open

Meenakshi Ranasinghe, Md. Arifuzzaman, Apeksha C. Rajamanthrilage, William R. Willoughby, Ashley Dickey , et al. · 2021

We synthesized and characterized Eu and Tb doped NaGdF 4 nanophosphors which generate visible light when excited by a focused X-ray beam. High resolution images were acquired through tissue by measuring light intensity vs. X-ray beam posit…

Catheter placement selection for convection-enhanced delivery of therapeutic agents to brain tumors Open

Lisa H. Antoine, Roy Koomullil, Timothy M. Wick, Burt Nabors, Ahmed Kamel Abdel Aal , et al. · 2020

Background: Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of therapeutic agents to brain tumors allows clinicians to bypass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to infuse virus therapy, biological, or chemotherapy directly into a brain tumor through convect…

X-Ray Excited Luminescence Spectroscopy and Imaging with NaGdF4:Eu and Tb Open

Meenakshi Ranasinghe, Md Arifuzzaman, Apeksha C. Rajamanthrilage, Ashley Dickey, Joseph W. Kolis , et al. · 2020

X-ray scintillating NaGdF 4 : Eu and Tb nanophosphors were synthesized via co-precipitate and hydrothermal methods, encapsulated with silica, functionalized with biotin, and characterized by X-ray excited optical luminescence spectroscopy …

X-Ray Excited Luminescence Spectroscopy and Imaging with NaGdF4:Eu and Tb Open

Meenakshi Ranasinghe, Md Arifuzzaman, Apeksha C. Rajamanthrilage, Ashley Dickey, Joseph W. Kolis , et al. · 2020

X-ray scintillating NaGdF₄: Eu and Tb nanophosphors were synthesized via co-precipitate and hydrothermal methods, encapsulated with silica, functionalized with biotin, and characterized by X-ray excited optical luminescence spec…

White matter and neurite morphology differ in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures Open

Adam M. Goodman, Jane B. Allendorfer, Andrew S. Blum, Mark Bolding, Stephen Correia , et al. · 2020

Objective To further evaluate the relationship between the clinical profiles and limbic and motor brain regions and their connecting pathways in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Indices (…

X-ray mediated scintillation increases synaptic activity via Cerium-doped LSO and Channelrhodopsin-2 Open

Aundrea F. Bartley, Máté Fischer, Micah E. Bagley, Justin Barnes, Mary K. Burdette , et al. · 2020

Optogenetics is a widely used tool for studying neural circuits. However, non-invasive methods for light delivery in the brain are needed to avoid physical damage typically caused by intracranial insertion of light guides. An innovative st…

A Noninvasive Approach to Optogenetics Using Focused Ultrasound Blood Brain Barrier Disruption for the Delivery of Radioluminescent Particles Open

Megan Rich, Eric Zhang, Ashley Dickey, Haley W. Jones, Kelli E Cannon , et al. · 2020

Optogenetics, the genetic incorporation of light-sensitive proteins such as Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) into target mammalian neurons, has enabled activation, silencing, and receptor subtype specific neuromodulation with high spatiotemporal …

Somatotopic Arrangement of Eight Distinct Skin Areas in the Human Primary Somatosensory Cortex Derived from Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Open

William R. Willoughby, Kristina Thoenes, Mark Bolding · 2020

A bstract Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate cortical activity associated with peripheral tactile stimuli in a small cohort of healthy humans. MR-safe automated pneumati…

Focused ultrasound blood brain barrier opening mediated delivery of MRI-visible albumin nanoclusters to the rat brain for localized drug delivery with temporal control Open

Megan Rich, Jennifer Sherwood, Aundrea F. Bartley, Quentin A. Whitsitt, Magdelene Lee , et al. · 2020

LITE-1 Dependent X-Ray Sensitivity in <i>C. elegans</i> Open

Kelli E Cannon, Meenakshi Ranasinghe, Anhkhoa Do, Hannah Pierce, Paul W. Millhouse , et al. · 2019

We report the finding that C. elegans display X-ray avoidance behavior at high but well tolerated doses, and that this behavior appears to require LITE-1, a gustatory receptor that has been implicated in UV avoidance behavior. We recorded …

Focused ultrasound blood brain barrier opening mediated delivery of MRI-visible albumin nanoclusters to the rat brain for localized drug delivery with temporal control Open

Megan Rich, Jennifer Sherwood, Aundrea F. Bartley, Quentin A. Whitsitt, William R. Willoughby , et al. · 2019

There is an ongoing need for noninvasive tools to manipulate brain activity with molecular, spatial and temporal specificity. Here we have investigated the use of MRI-visible, albumin-based nanoclusters for noninvasive, localized and tempo…

Rationale and design of a single-blind, randomised controlled trial of exercise training for managing learning and memory impairment in persons with multiple sclerosis Open

Brian M. Sandroff, Robert W. Motl, Marcus Bamman, Gary Cutter, Mark Bolding , et al. · 2018

Introduction This randomised controlled trial (RCT) examines treadmill walking exercise training effects on learning and memory performance, hippocampal volume, and hippocampal resting-state functional connectivity in persons with multiple…

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