Mark E. Clark
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View article: Total Retinal Pigment Epithelium Thickness and Reflectivity, in Relation to Histology and Vision, at the Aging-AMD Transition: ALSTAR2 Baseline
Total Retinal Pigment Epithelium Thickness and Reflectivity, in Relation to Histology and Vision, at the Aging-AMD Transition: ALSTAR2 Baseline Open
Reduced TRPET and TNRR in AMD and their correlation with RMDA are statistically significant due to the large sample. Whether they have practical utility for AMD detection will be learned from ongoing longitudinal studies. In ALSTAR2, non-R…
View article: Advanced Analysis Tools for Two Wavelength Autofluorescence Imaging of Macular Xanthophyll Carotenoids: ALSTAR2 Baseline
Advanced Analysis Tools for Two Wavelength Autofluorescence Imaging of Macular Xanthophyll Carotenoids: ALSTAR2 Baseline Open
Automated MPOD pattern assignment suggests that the spatial distribution of MPOD varies with gender, lens status, and possibly age. Our analytic software can be applied to large samples for studies of xanthophyll carotenoid impact on visio…
View article: Impact of Low-Dose Computed Tomography Findings on Cigarette Smoking Cessation Among High-Risk Adults Participating in Lung Cancer Screening
Impact of Low-Dose Computed Tomography Findings on Cigarette Smoking Cessation Among High-Risk Adults Participating in Lung Cancer Screening Open
Introduction Integrating effective smoking cessation strategies for individuals undergoing lung cancer screening stands to significantly increase the impact of lung screening programmes. We assessed the impact of low-dose computed tomograp…
View article: Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy, Vision, and Chorioretinal Asymmetries in Aging and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: ALSTAR2
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy, Vision, and Chorioretinal Asymmetries in Aging and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: ALSTAR2 Open
Prolonged lifetimes in AMD exhibit spatial asymmetry, suggesting mechanisms beyond retinal cells and including choroid. Lifetimes correlate with delayed RMDA, potentially indicating risk for AMD onset and early progression. Further researc…
View article: Topographic Analysis of Two-Wavelength Autofluorescence Supports Higher Macular Xanthophyll Pigment in AMD Than Aging: ALSTAR2 Baseline
Topographic Analysis of Two-Wavelength Autofluorescence Supports Higher Macular Xanthophyll Pigment in AMD Than Aging: ALSTAR2 Baseline Open
New analytics support previously reported higher MPOD in AMD compared to normal eyes, especially central subfield and inner ring. MPOD and qAF differ by disease-stage-related topography and correlations, supporting independent use in metab…
View article: Band Visibility in High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography Assessed With a Custom Review Tool and Updated, Histology-Derived Nomenclature
Band Visibility in High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography Assessed With a Custom Review Tool and Updated, Histology-Derived Nomenclature Open
Detailed knowledge of anatomic structures visible on OCT will enhance precision in research, including AI training and structure-function analyses.
View article: Analysis of bigmouth buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus spawning phenology in Minnesota reveals 50-year recruitment failure and conservation concern
Analysis of bigmouth buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus spawning phenology in Minnesota reveals 50-year recruitment failure and conservation concern Open
The bigmouth buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus (Catostomidae) is a freshwater fish native to North America that is known for its longevity. During the 1970s, the bigmouth buffalo was recorded as declining in Canada, Minnesota, and North Dakota …
View article: Acute ocular hypertension in the living human eye: Model description and initial cellular responses to elevated intraocular pressure
Acute ocular hypertension in the living human eye: Model description and initial cellular responses to elevated intraocular pressure Open
This initial methods study presents the initial immunohistochemical and transcriptomic changes in the optic nerve head and retina from three research-consented brain-dead organ donors following prolonged and transient intraocular pressure …
View article: Extent and Topography of Subretinal Drusenoid Deposits Associate With Rod-Mediated Vision in Aging and AMD: ALSTAR2 Baseline
Extent and Topography of Subretinal Drusenoid Deposits Associate With Rod-Mediated Vision in Aging and AMD: ALSTAR2 Baseline Open
SDD area is associated with degraded rod-mediated vision. RMDA 5° (superior retina) probes where SDD is maximal, closer to the foveal center than the rod peak at 3 to 6 mm (10.4°-20.8°) superior and the further eccentric peak of rod:cone r…
View article: Choriocapillaris Impairment, Visual Function, and Distance to Fovea in Aging and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: ALSTAR2 Baseline
Choriocapillaris Impairment, Visual Function, and Distance to Fovea in Aging and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: ALSTAR2 Baseline Open
Reduced transport across the choriocapillaris-Bruch's membrane-retinal pigment epithelium complex, which contributes to drusen formation under the macula lutea (and fovea), may also reduce retinoid resupply to rods encircling the high-risk…
View article: Probing Deposit-Driven Age-Related Macular Degeneration Via Thicknesses of Outer Retinal Bands and Choroid: ALSTAR2 Baseline
Probing Deposit-Driven Age-Related Macular Degeneration Via Thicknesses of Outer Retinal Bands and Choroid: ALSTAR2 Baseline Open
With AMD stages, the most consistent structural differences involve appearance of drusen and SDD, followed by RPE + BL thickness, and then thickness of photoreceptor inner and outer segments. Structural changes in the transition from aging…
View article: Outer Retinal Thickness Is Associated With Cognitive Function in Normal Aging to Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Outer Retinal Thickness Is Associated With Cognitive Function in Normal Aging to Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration Open
Only the outer retina (photoreceptors, supporting glia, retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch's membrane) is associated with cognition in aging to intermediate AMD; NFL was not associated with cognition, contrary to AD-associated condition rep…
View article: Potential Structural Biomarkers in 3D Images Validated by the First Functional Biomarker for Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration – ALSTAR2 Baseline
Potential Structural Biomarkers in 3D Images Validated by the First Functional Biomarker for Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration – ALSTAR2 Baseline Open
RMDA is correlated with the status of outer retinal bands in early and intermediate AMD eyes, particularly, the status of the IZ. This correlation is consistent with a previous analysis of only foveal B-scans and is biologically plausible …
View article: Displacement of the Lamina Cribrosa With Acute Intraocular Pressure Increase in Brain-Dead Organ Donors
Displacement of the Lamina Cribrosa With Acute Intraocular Pressure Increase in Brain-Dead Organ Donors Open
LC depth changes with IOP reduce with age and are significantly affected by the reference plane of choice, which highlights a need for standardizing LC metrics to properly follow progressive remodeling of the loadbearing tissues of the ONH…
View article: Choriocapillaris Impairment Is Associated With Delayed Rod-Mediated Dark Adaptation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Choriocapillaris Impairment Is Associated With Delayed Rod-Mediated Dark Adaptation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Open
Choriocapillaris FD% were associated with AMD severity and with impaired vision, especially RMDA. Reduced metabolic transport and exchange across the choriocapillaris-Bruch's membrane retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) complex, a causal fact…
View article: Potential Structural Biomarkers in 3D Images Validated by the First Functional Biomarker for Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration - ALSTAR2 Baseline
Potential Structural Biomarkers in 3D Images Validated by the First Functional Biomarker for Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration - ALSTAR2 Baseline Open
Purpose While intermediate and late age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) have been widely investigated, rare studies were focused on the pathophysiologic mechanism of early AMD. Delayed rod-mediated dark adaptation (RMDA) is the first fu…
View article: Volume electron microscopy reveals human retinal mitochondria that align with reflective bands in optical coherence tomography [Invited]
Volume electron microscopy reveals human retinal mitochondria that align with reflective bands in optical coherence tomography [Invited] Open
Mitochondria are candidate reflectivity signal sources in optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal imaging. Here, we use deep-learning-assisted volume electron microscopy of human retina and in vivo imaging to map mitochondria networks i…
View article: Discernibility of the Interdigitation Zone (IZ), a Potential Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Biomarker for Visual Dysfunction in Aging
Discernibility of the Interdigitation Zone (IZ), a Potential Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Biomarker for Visual Dysfunction in Aging Open
Results suggest that the interface between outer segments and apical processes degrades in normal aging, potentially contributing to delayed rod-mediated dark adaptation. More research is needed to verify an age-related association between…
View article: Retinal electrophysiologic response to IOP elevation in living human eyes
Retinal electrophysiologic response to IOP elevation in living human eyes Open
View article: Biologically Guided Optimization of Test Target Location for Rod-mediated Dark Adaptation in Age-related Macular Degeneration
Biologically Guided Optimization of Test Target Location for Rod-mediated Dark Adaptation in Age-related Macular Degeneration Open
View article: Comparing Rod-Mediated Dark Adaptation in Older Adults before and after Cataract Surgery
Comparing Rod-Mediated Dark Adaptation in Older Adults before and after Cataract Surgery Open
RMDA was significantly slower (RIT was greater) following cataract surgery, with the greatest impact on RIT in older eyes after surgery for more advanced cataract. These findings suggest that persons with more advanced cataract may bias re…
View article: Macular and Plasma Xanthophylls Are Higher in Age-related Macular Degeneration than in Normal Aging
Macular and Plasma Xanthophylls Are Higher in Age-related Macular Degeneration than in Normal Aging Open
View article: Impact of the Aging Lens and Posterior Capsular Opacification on Quantitative Autofluorescence Imaging in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Impact of the Aging Lens and Posterior Capsular Opacification on Quantitative Autofluorescence Imaging in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Open
To reduce variability in observational studies and clinical trials requiring qAF8, pseudophakic participants without blue-filter IOLs or advanced PCO should be preferentially enrolled.
View article: Otoliths suggest lifespans more than 30 years for free‐living bowfin <i>Amia calva</i>: Implications for fisheries management in the bowfishing era
Otoliths suggest lifespans more than 30 years for free‐living bowfin <i>Amia calva</i>: Implications for fisheries management in the bowfishing era Open
The bowfin Amia calva is an amiid (Amiiformes) relict native to North America. It is the last surviving member of the Halecomorphi, a group of fishes that evolved more than 250 million years ago. Despite the phylogenetic significance of th…
View article: How Vision Is Impaired From Aging to Early and Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Insights From ALSTAR2 Baseline
How Vision Is Impaired From Aging to Early and Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Insights From ALSTAR2 Baseline Open
Results support a sequence of visual function impairments in aging and AMD, suggesting RMDA as a promising outcome for evaluating interventions in early disease.
View article: Medical humanism
Medical humanism Open
Medical humanists whose focus of work relates to narrative and rhetorical issues in medicine would be inclined to regard the project of implementation science as a rhetorical endeavour: the aim is, by means of representation and translatio…
View article: Spatial Dissociation of Subretinal Drusenoid Deposits and Impaired Scotopic and Mesopic Sensitivity in AMD
Spatial Dissociation of Subretinal Drusenoid Deposits and Impaired Scotopic and Mesopic Sensitivity in AMD Open
SDD-associated decrements in rod-mediated vision can be detected close to the foveola, and these deficits are proportionately worse than functional loss in the rod-rich perifovea. This finding suggests that factors other than the previousl…
View article: Retinal Electrophysiologic Response to IOP Elevation in Brain-Dead Organ Donors
Retinal Electrophysiologic Response to IOP Elevation in Brain-Dead Organ Donors Open
View article: No evidence of physiological declines with age in an extremely long-lived fish
No evidence of physiological declines with age in an extremely long-lived fish Open
Although the pace of senescence varies considerably, the physiological systems that contribute to different patterns of senescence are not well understood, especially in long-lived vertebrates. Long-lived bony fish (i.e., Class Osteichthye…
View article: Exploring a Structural Basis for Delayed Rod-Mediated Dark Adaptation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Via Deep Learning
Exploring a Structural Basis for Delayed Rod-Mediated Dark Adaptation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Via Deep Learning Open
This agnostic approach to anatomic biomarker discovery strengthens the rationale for RMDA as an outcome measure in early AMD clinical trials, and also expands the utility of deep learning beyond automated diagnosis to fundamental discovery.