Daniel M. Murphy
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View article: The Composition and Stratospheric Fate of Aerosol Particles Originating in the Polar Vortex
The Composition and Stratospheric Fate of Aerosol Particles Originating in the Polar Vortex Open
Stratospheric aerosol plays a significant role in the Earth's energy balance, primarily through its direct interaction with solar radiation. It is also an important chemical reactor that contributes to the multiphase chemistry of ozone des…
View article: Perchlorate in stratospheric aerosol particles
Perchlorate in stratospheric aerosol particles Open
Perchlorate is a toxic, regulated contaminant in drinking water. According to previous isotopic studies, much of the perchlorate deposited to the Earth’s surface is formed in the atmosphere, with 36 Cl suggesting a large contribution from …
View article: Two-years of stratospheric chemistry perturbations from the 2019–2020 Australian wildfire smoke
Two-years of stratospheric chemistry perturbations from the 2019–2020 Australian wildfire smoke Open
The very large pyrocumulonimbus events that occurred during the Australian summer of 2019–2020 caused extremely unusual partitioning of stratospheric chlorine in the Southern Hemisphere midlatitude and Antarctic regions not only in 2020 bu…
View article: KRISTEVA: Close Reading as a Novel Task for Benchmarking Interpretive Reasoning
KRISTEVA: Close Reading as a Novel Task for Benchmarking Interpretive Reasoning Open
Each year, tens of millions of essays are written and graded in college-level English courses. Students are asked to analyze literary and cultural texts through a process known as close reading, in which they gather textual details to form…
View article: Direct Measurements and Implications of the Aerosol Asymmetry Parameter in Wildfire Smoke During FIREX‐AQ
Direct Measurements and Implications of the Aerosol Asymmetry Parameter in Wildfire Smoke During FIREX‐AQ Open
We present direct measurements of the asymmetry parameter ( g ) from biomass burning aerosol at two wavelengths using the Laser Imaging Nephelometer. We compare the measurements with Mie theory calculations based on optically measured size…
View article: An update of space waste matter injection into the atmosphere
An update of space waste matter injection into the atmosphere Open
In the last 5 years, the mass of human-made objects like satellites or rocket stages launched into orbit has strongly risen due to the implementation of satellite mega-constellations and generally increased space activity. Besides the well…
View article: Metals from spacecraft reentry in the stratosphere
Metals from spacecraft reentry in the stratosphere Open
Measurements of aerosol particles in the stratosphere show that metals that were vaporized during the reentry of rocket boosters and satellites accumulate in the stratosphere. These metals are incorporated into natural sulfuric acid partic…
View article: Viscosity and phase state of wildfire smoke particles in the stratosphere from pyrocumulonimbus events: an initial assessment
Viscosity and phase state of wildfire smoke particles in the stratosphere from pyrocumulonimbus events: an initial assessment Open
Understanding the viscosity and phase state of biomass-burning organic aerosol (BBOA) from wildfires and pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) events in the stratosphere is critical for predicting their role in stratospheric multiphase chemistry and o…
View article: Viscosity and phase state of wildfire smoke particles in the stratosphere from pyrocumulonimbus events: an initial assessment
Viscosity and phase state of wildfire smoke particles in the stratosphere from pyrocumulonimbus events: an initial assessment Open
Understanding the viscosity and phase state of biomass-burning organic aerosol (BBOA) from wildfires and pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) events in the stratosphere is critical for predicting their role in stratospheric multiphase chemistry and o…
View article: Viscosity and phase state of wildfire smoke particles in the stratosphere from pyrocumulonimbus events: an initial assessment
Viscosity and phase state of wildfire smoke particles in the stratosphere from pyrocumulonimbus events: an initial assessment Open
Understanding the viscosity and phase state of biomass-burning organic aerosol (BBOA) from wildfires and pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) events in the stratosphere is critical for predicting their role in stratospheric multiphase chemistry and o…
View article: Widespread trace bromine and iodine in remote tropospheric non-sea-salt aerosols
Widespread trace bromine and iodine in remote tropospheric non-sea-salt aerosols Open
Reactive halogens catalytically destroy O3 and therefore affect (1) stratospheric O3 depletion and (2) the oxidative capacity of the troposphere. Reactive halogens also partition into the aerosol phase, but what governs halogen-aerosol par…
View article: A Semantic Framework for Modular Knowledge Integration in Large Language Models
A Semantic Framework for Modular Knowledge Integration in Large Language Models Open
The Adaptive Semantic Framework introduces a modular architecture for large language models, enabling dynamic integration of semantic components to enhance scalability and adaptability across diverse natural language processing tasks. By e…
View article: Two-years of stratospheric chemistry perturbations from the 2019/2020 Australian wildfire smoke
Two-years of stratospheric chemistry perturbations from the 2019/2020 Australian wildfire smoke Open
The very large pyrocumulonimbus events that occurred during the Australian summer of 2019/2020 caused extremely unusual partitioning of stratospheric chlorine in Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes and Antarctic regions. This was likely cause…
View article: Viscosity and phase state of wildfire smoke particles in the stratosphere from pyrocumulonimbus events: an initial assessment
Viscosity and phase state of wildfire smoke particles in the stratosphere from pyrocumulonimbus events: an initial assessment Open
Large wildfires periodically inject massive amounts of biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA) into the stratosphere (~15 km ≤ altitude ≤ 50 km) via pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) events. These aerosols may remain aloft for many months and engag…
View article: Measurement report: The Fifth International Workshop on Ice Nucleation phase 1 (FIN-01): intercomparison of single-particle mass spectrometers
Measurement report: The Fifth International Workshop on Ice Nucleation phase 1 (FIN-01): intercomparison of single-particle mass spectrometers Open
Knowledge of the chemical composition and mixing state of aerosols at a single-particle level is critical for gaining insights into atmospheric processes. One common tool to make these measurements is single-particle mass spectrometry. The…
View article: Sea Spray Aerosol Over the Remote Oceans Has Low Organic Content
Sea Spray Aerosol Over the Remote Oceans Has Low Organic Content Open
Biogenic organic compounds in the surface ocean may significantly alter the cloud‐forming ability of sea spray aerosol and thereby affect the amount of solar radiation reaching the ocean surface. Estimates of the organic mass fraction of s…
View article: Measurement report: Vanadium-containing ship exhaust particles detected in and above the marine boundary layer in the remote atmosphere
Measurement report: Vanadium-containing ship exhaust particles detected in and above the marine boundary layer in the remote atmosphere Open
Each year, commercial ships emit over 1.67 Tg of particulate matter (PM) pollution into the atmosphere. These ships rely on the combustion of heavy fuel oil, which contains high levels of sulfur, large aromatic organic compounds, and metal…
View article: Comment on egusphere-2024-928
Comment on egusphere-2024-928 Open
Abstract. Knowledge of chemical composition and mixing state of aerosols at a single particle level is critical for gaining insights into atmospheric processes. One common tool to make these measurements is single particle mass spectrometr…
View article: Comment on egusphere-2024-1399
Comment on egusphere-2024-1399 Open
Abstract. Reactive halogens catalytically destroy O3 and therefore affect (1) stratospheric O3 depletion, and (2) the oxidative capacity of the troposphere. Reactive halogens also partition into the aerosol phase, but what governs halogen-…
View article: Non-sea-salt aerosols that contain trace bromine and iodine are widespread in the remote troposphere
Non-sea-salt aerosols that contain trace bromine and iodine are widespread in the remote troposphere Open
Reactive halogens catalytically destroy O3 and therefore affect (1) stratospheric O3 depletion, and (2) the oxidative capacity of the troposphere. Reactive halogens also partition into the aerosol phase, but what governs halogen-aerosol pa…
View article: Measurement report: The Fifth International Workshop on Ice Nucleation Phase 1 (FIN-01): Intercomparison of Single Particle Mass Spectrometers
Measurement report: The Fifth International Workshop on Ice Nucleation Phase 1 (FIN-01): Intercomparison of Single Particle Mass Spectrometers Open
Knowledge of chemical composition and mixing state of aerosols at a single particle level is critical for gaining insights into atmospheric processes. One common tool to make these measurements is single particle mass spectrometry. There r…
View article: Supplementary material to "Measurement report: The Fifth International Workshop on Ice Nucleation Phase 1 (FIN-01): Intercomparison of Single Particle Mass Spectrometers"
Supplementary material to "Measurement report: The Fifth International Workshop on Ice Nucleation Phase 1 (FIN-01): Intercomparison of Single Particle Mass Spectrometers" Open
Supporting informationTable S1: Average correlation coefficients of the average spectra analyzed by the different SPMSs.Aerosol type ravg-pos ravg-neg K-feldspar 0.73 ± 0.12 0.57 ± 0.41 Illite NX 0.71 ± 0.13 0.78 ± 0.08 Moroccan desert dus…
View article: A Significant Mode of Small, Tropospheric Particles in the Lower Stratosphere
A Significant Mode of Small, Tropospheric Particles in the Lower Stratosphere Open
The stratospheric aerosol layer plays an essential role in stratospheric chemical and radiative processes. Emissions of SO2 from small-to-midsized volcanic eruptions are typically introduced into the lower stratosphere, where a background …
View article: Dune Geometry and the Associated Hydraulic Roughness in the Fluvial to Tidal Transition Zone of the Fraser River at Low River Flow
Dune Geometry and the Associated Hydraulic Roughness in the Fluvial to Tidal Transition Zone of the Fraser River at Low River Flow Open
In deltas and estuaries throughout the world, a fluvial‐to‐tidal transition zone (FTTZ) exists where both the river discharge and the tidal motion drive the flow. It is unclear how dune characteristics are impacted by changes in tidal flow…
View article: Measurement report: Vanadium-containing ship exhaust particles detected in and above the marine boundary layer in the remote atmosphere
Measurement report: Vanadium-containing ship exhaust particles detected in and above the marine boundary layer in the remote atmosphere Open
Each year, commercial ships emit over 1.2 Tg of particulate matter (PM) pollution into the atmosphere. These ships rely on the combustion of heavy fuel oil, which contains high levels of sulfur, large aromatic organic compounds, and metals…
View article: Metals from spacecraft reentry in stratospheric aerosol particles
Metals from spacecraft reentry in stratospheric aerosol particles Open
Large increases in the number of low earth orbit satellites are projected in the coming decades [L. Schulz, K.-H. Glassmeier, Adv. Space Res. 67 , 1002–1025 (2021)] with perhaps 50,000 additional satellites in orbit by 2030 [GAO, Large con…