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Out-of-Step Protection Based on Discrete Angle Derivatives Open
This paper presents an out-of-step protection algorithm based on angle derivatives, which makes use of wide-area measurements and can be applied on arbitrary tie-lines in electrical power systems. The developed algorithm uses PMU measureme…
Online Detection of Out-of-Step Condition Using PMU-Determined System Impedances Open
This paper presents a robust and adaptive out-of-step (OOS) protection algorithm, using wide-area information, that can be applied on tie-lines in observable power systems. The developed algorithm is based upon real-time computation of the…
Cyber Attacks on Protective Relays in Digital Substations and Impact Analysis Open
Power systems automation and communication standards are crucial for the transition of the conventional power system towards a smart grid. The IEC 61850 standard is widely used for substation automation and protection. It enables real-time…