Markus Gressler
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View article: Clade III Synthases Add Cyclic and Linear Terpenoids to the <i>Psilocybe</i> Metabolome
Clade III Synthases Add Cyclic and Linear Terpenoids to the <i>Psilocybe</i> Metabolome Open
Psilocybe “magic mushrooms” are best known for their indolethylamine psilocybin, yet they encode enzymes for a much more diverse arsenal of small and potentially bioactive molecules. Herein, four Psilocybe cubensis clade III sesquiterpene …
View article: In Vitro Psilocybin Synthesis by Co‐Immobilized Enzymes
In Vitro Psilocybin Synthesis by Co‐Immobilized Enzymes Open
Advanced clinical trials investigate the Psilocybe magic mushroom natural product psilocybin as a treatment against major depressive disorder. Currently, synthetic material is used to meet the demand for legitimate pharmaceutical purposes.…
View article: Beneficial Soil Fungus Kills Predatory Nematodes with Dehydropeptides Translocating into the Animal Gut
Beneficial Soil Fungus Kills Predatory Nematodes with Dehydropeptides Translocating into the Animal Gut Open
Mortierella alpina is a mold fungus that has gained attention for its positive correlation with soil health, plant growth, and applications as a crop biocontrol agent to suppress the threats of nematode pests. To date, the mechanisms under…
View article: A Mushroom P450‐Monooxygenase Enables Regio‐ and Stereoselective Biocatalytic Synthesis of Epoxycyclohexenones
A Mushroom P450‐Monooxygenase Enables Regio‐ and Stereoselective Biocatalytic Synthesis of Epoxycyclohexenones Open
An epoxycyclohexenone (ECH) moiety occurs in natural products of both bacteria and ascomycete and basidiomycete fungi. While the enzymes for ECH formation in bacteria and ascomycetes have been identified and characterized, it remained obsc…
View article: A Mushroom P450‐Monooxygenase Enables Regio‐ and Stereoselective Biocatalytic Synthesis of Epoxycyclohexenones
A Mushroom P450‐Monooxygenase Enables Regio‐ and Stereoselective Biocatalytic Synthesis of Epoxycyclohexenones Open
An epoxycyclohexenone (ECH) moiety occurs in natural products of both bacteria and ascomycete and basidiomycete fungi. While the enzymes for ECH formation in bacteria and ascomycetes have been identified and characterized, it remained obsc…
View article: Non-canonical two-step biosynthesis of anti-oomycete indole alkaloids in Kickxellales
Non-canonical two-step biosynthesis of anti-oomycete indole alkaloids in Kickxellales Open
Background Fungi are prolific producers of bioactive small molecules of pharmaceutical or agricultural interest. The secondary metabolism of higher fungi (Dikarya) has been well-investigated which led to > 39,000 described compounds. Howev…
View article: A „Magic Mushroom“ Multi‐Product Sesquiterpene Synthase
A „Magic Mushroom“ Multi‐Product Sesquiterpene Synthase Open
Psilocybe “magic mushrooms” are chemically well understood for their psychotropic tryptamines. However, the diversity of their other specialized metabolites, in particular terpenoids, has largely remained an open question. Yet, knowledge o…
View article: Bifurcate evolution of quinone synthetases in basidiomycetes
Bifurcate evolution of quinone synthetases in basidiomycetes Open
Background The terphenylquinones represent an ecologically remarkable class of basidiomycete natural products as they serve as central precursors of pigments and compounds that impact on microbial consortia by modulating bacterial biofilms…
View article: A genetic tool to express long fungal biosynthetic genes
A genetic tool to express long fungal biosynthetic genes Open
Background Secondary metabolites (SMs) from mushroom-forming fungi ( Basidiomycota ) and early diverging fungi (EDF) such as Mucoromycota are scarcely investigated. In many cases, production of SMs is induced by unknown stress factors or i…
View article: The Ketosynthase Domain Controls Chain Length in Mushroom Oligocyclic Polyketide Synthases
The Ketosynthase Domain Controls Chain Length in Mushroom Oligocyclic Polyketide Synthases Open
The nonreducing iterative type I polyketide synthases (NR‐PKSs) CoPKS1 and CoPKS4 of the webcap mushroom Cortinarius odorifer share 88 % identical amino acids. CoPKS1 almost exclusively produces a tricyclic octaketide product, atrochrysone…
View article: Blue Light-Dependent Pre-mRNA Splicing Controls Pigment Biosynthesis in the Mushroom <i>Terana caerulea</i>
Blue Light-Dependent Pre-mRNA Splicing Controls Pigment Biosynthesis in the Mushroom <i>Terana caerulea</i> Open
The regulation of natural product biosyntheses in mushrooms in response to environmental cues is poorly understood. We addressed this knowledge gap and chose the cobalt crust mushroom Terana caerulea as our model.
View article: Mikrobielle Antibiotikafabriken verstehen und verbessern
Mikrobielle Antibiotikafabriken verstehen und verbessern Open
Repurposing the enzymes in microbial metabolism such as nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) is explored as a route towards better antibiotics. NRPSs are gigantic enzymatic assembly lines that form highly modified peptides from diverse…
View article: Genetic Survey of <i>Psilocybe</i> Natural Products
Genetic Survey of <i>Psilocybe</i> Natural Products Open
Psilocybe magic mushrooms are best known for their main natural product, psilocybin, and its dephosphorylated congener, the psychedelic metabolite psilocin. Beyond tryptamines, the secondary metabolome of these fungi is poorly understood. …
View article: Unprecedented Mushroom Polyketide Synthases Produce the Universal Anthraquinone Precursor
Unprecedented Mushroom Polyketide Synthases Produce the Universal Anthraquinone Precursor Open
(Pre‐)anthraquinones are widely distributed natural compounds and occur in plants, fungi, microorganisms, and animals, with atrochrysone ( 1 ) as the key biosynthetic precursor. Chemical analyses established mushrooms of the genus Cortinar…
View article: Regulation of the Leucine Metabolism in Mortierella alpina
Regulation of the Leucine Metabolism in Mortierella alpina Open
The oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina is a safe source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in industrial food and feed production. Besides PUFA production, pharmaceutically relevant surface-active and antimicrobial oligopeptides were …
View article: Macrophage-targeting oligopeptides from <i>Mortierella alpina</i>
Macrophage-targeting oligopeptides from <i>Mortierella alpina</i> Open
Specificity profiling of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase of an early diverging fungus revealed high substrate flexibility. Feeding studies with click-functionalised amino acids enabled the production of fluorescent peptides targeting mac…
View article: Bacterial cell wall‐degrading enzymes induce basidiomycete natural product biosynthesis
Bacterial cell wall‐degrading enzymes induce basidiomycete natural product biosynthesis Open
Summary Natural products play a vital role for intermicrobial interactions. In the basidiomycete arena an important representative is variegatic acid, a lactone natural product pigment whose ecological relevance stems from both inhibiting …
View article: Secretion of Iron(III)-Reducing Metabolites during Protein Acquisition by the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Paxillus involutus
Secretion of Iron(III)-Reducing Metabolites during Protein Acquisition by the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Paxillus involutus Open
The ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus decomposes proteins using a two-step mechanism, including oxidation and proteolysis. Oxidation involves the action of extracellular hydroxyl radicals (•OH) generated by the Fenton reaction. Thi…
View article: Bacterial-Like Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases Produce Cyclopeptides in the Zygomycetous Fungus Mortierella alpina
Bacterial-Like Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases Produce Cyclopeptides in the Zygomycetous Fungus Mortierella alpina Open
Fungal natural compounds are industrially produced, with application in antibiotic treatment, cancer medications, and crop plant protection. Traditionally, higher fungi have been intensively investigated concerning their metabolic potentia…
View article: Bacterial-like nonribosomal peptide synthetases produce cyclopeptides in the zygomycetous fungus<i>Mortierella alpina</i>
Bacterial-like nonribosomal peptide synthetases produce cyclopeptides in the zygomycetous fungus<i>Mortierella alpina</i> Open
Fungi are traditionally considered as reservoir of biologically active natural products. However, an active secondary metabolism has long not been attributed to early diverging fungi such as Mortierella spec . Here, we report on the biosyn…
View article: The Laetiporus polyketide synthase LpaA produces a series of antifungal polyenes
The Laetiporus polyketide synthase LpaA produces a series of antifungal polyenes Open
The conspicuous bright golden to orange-reddish coloration of species of the basidiomycete genus Laetiporus is a hallmark feature of their fruiting bodies, known among mushroom hunters as the “chicken of the woods”. This report describes t…
View article: <i>S</i>‐Adenosyl‐<scp>l</scp>‐Methionine Salvage Impacts Psilocybin Formation in “Magic” Mushrooms
<i>S</i>‐Adenosyl‐<span>l</span>‐Methionine Salvage Impacts Psilocybin Formation in “Magic” Mushrooms Open
Psychotropic Psilocybe mushrooms biosynthesize their principal natural product psilocybin in five steps, among them a phosphotransfer and two methyltransfer reactions, which consume one equivalent of 5′‐adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and two…
View article: Injury‐Triggered Blueing Reactions of <i>Psilocybe</i> “Magic” Mushrooms
Injury‐Triggered Blueing Reactions of <i>Psilocybe</i> “Magic” Mushrooms Open
Upon injury, psychotropic psilocybin‐producing mushrooms instantly develop an intense blue color, the chemical basis and mode of formation of which has remained elusive. We report two enzymes from Psilocybe cubensis that carry out a two‐st…
View article: Injury‐Triggered Blueing Reactions of <i>Psilocybe</i> “Magic” Mushrooms
Injury‐Triggered Blueing Reactions of <i>Psilocybe</i> “Magic” Mushrooms Open
Upon injury, psychotropic psilocybin‐producing mushrooms instantly develop an intense blue color, the chemical basis and mode of formation of which has remained elusive. We report two enzymes from Psilocybe cubensis that carry out a two‐st…
View article: Definition of the Anti-inflammatory Oligosaccharides Derived From the Galactosaminogalactan (GAG) From Aspergillus fumigatus
Definition of the Anti-inflammatory Oligosaccharides Derived From the Galactosaminogalactan (GAG) From Aspergillus fumigatus Open
Galactosaminogalactan (GAG) is an insoluble aminosugar polymer produced by Aspergillus fumigatus and has anti-inflammatory properties. Here, the minimum glycosidic sequences required for the induction of IL-1Ra by peripheral blood mononucl…
View article: A Highly Conserved Basidiomycete Peptide Synthetase Produces a Trimeric Hydroxamate Siderophore
A Highly Conserved Basidiomycete Peptide Synthetase Produces a Trimeric Hydroxamate Siderophore Open
The model white-rot basidiomycete, Ceriporiopsis ( Gelatoporia ) subvermispora B, encodes putative natural product biosynthesis genes. Among them is the gene for the seven-domain nonribosomal peptide synthetase CsNPS2. It is a member of th…